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Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 681-697页

作者： Abhishek Umesh Shetty ravi Sankannavar School of Chemical and materials Science Indian Institute of Technology GoaFarmagudiPonda 403401GoaIndia Department of Chemical Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyMSR NagarMSRIT PostBengaluru 560054KarnatakaIndia

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia *** the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(N_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia *** hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the *** have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical *** mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the *** review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in eNRR on the electrocatalyst *** delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen *** unravelling the intricacies of eNRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Electrocatalysis Nitrogen reductionreaction Electrochemical reaction pathways Reactionmechanism

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methyl-salicylate:A surveillance system fortriggering immunity in neighboring plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 163-165页

作者： Saumya Jaiswal Durgesh Kumar Tripathi ravi Gupta JingHe Zhong-Hua Chen Vijay Pratap Singh Plant Physiology Laboratory Department of Botany C.M.P.Degree CollegeA Constituent Post Graduate College ofUniversity of AllahabadPrayagraj 211002India Crop Nanobiology and molecular Stress Physiology LabAmity Institute of Organic Agriculture Amity University UttarPradeshNoida 201313India College of General Education Kookmin UniversitySeoul 02707South Korea School of Science Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2751New South WalesAustralia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western SydneyUniversitySydney 2751New South WalesAustralia

Plant behavioral actions have been one of the major topicsof research in plant biology and *** actionsfrom plants are determined by their instant structural andphysical reactions to the circumstances(Bouwmeester et al.,2019).Upon sensing abiotic factors such as salinity,flooding,high temperature,drought,plants make suitable changes intheir physiology and behavior to survive such harsh conditions.

关键词： immunity neighboring salinity

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Comparative metabolomics reveal histamine biodegradation mechanism by salt stressed Bacillus subtilis JZXJ-7

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Rundong Wang Yijia Deng Yuhao Zhang Xuepeng Li ravi Gooneratne Jianrong Li College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing Department of Wine Food and molecular Biosciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University Lincoln 7647 New Zealand College of Food Science Southwest University College of Food Science and Engineering Lingnan Normal University

Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) JZXJ-7 isolated from shrimp paste can significantly degrade histamine under salt stress but the mechanism is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 170 and 340 mmol/L NaCl on B. subtilis JZXJ-7 growth， histamine degradation， antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT)， superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] activities and Na+， K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore， comparative metabolomics was used to investigate histamine biodegradation mechanism by *** JZXJ-7 subjected to salt stress. Both 170 and 340 mmol/L NaCl promoted B. subtilis JZXJ-7 growth in late stages of reproduction (32 - 48 h)， increased histamine degradation rate by 64.85% and 79.87% (P mg (P mg (P ment significantly increased the activities of CAT， GST and SOD (P mino acids and its metabolites (33.39%)， benzene and substituted derivatives (12.05%)， heterocyclic compounds (10.62%)， organic acids and derivatives (9.75%)， aldehydes， ketones， esters (5.59%) and nucleotides and its metabolites (4.58%). metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed NaCl induced differential metabolic pathways of D-glutamine， D-glutamate， L-arginine， L-proline， histidine and glycerophospholipids， L-lysine degradation， and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Exposure to 340 mmol/L NaCl up-regulated carbohydrate， glutathione and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The new insights into the mechanism of salt stress to promote B. subtilis JZJX-7 growth， energy metabolic pathways and to degrade histamine provide the theoretical basis for application of B. subtilis JZXJ-7 in food fermentation industry.

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Evolutionary fingerprint, phylogenetic and forest structure of tropical montane Atlantic cloud forests along an elevation gradient

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1259-1271页

作者： ravi Fernandes mARIANO Vanessa Leite REZENDE Cléber Rodrigo de SOUZA Patrícia Vieira POmPEU Rubens manoel dos SANTOS Carolina Njaime mENDES Aloysio Souza de mOURA Felipe Santana mACHADO Warley Augusto Caldas CARVALHO marco Aurélio Leite FONTES Department of Forest Sciences Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil 2Environmental Defence Association of minas Gerais Belo Horizonte 30360-110Brazil Department of Ecology and Conservation Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil Department of Forest Sciences State University of Mato Grosso do SulAquidauana 79200-000Brazil Agência Zetta Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil. Department of Natural Sciences Federal University of São João del-ReiSão João del-Rei 36307-352Brazil.

Environmental conditions can change markedly over geographical distances along elevation gradients,making them natural laboratories to study the processes that structure *** work aimed to assess the influences of elevation on Tropical montane Cloud Forest plant communities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest,a historically neglected *** evaluated the phylogenetic structure,forest structure(tree basal area and tree density)and species richness along an elevation gradient,as well as the evolutionary fingerprints of elevation-success on phylogenetic lineages from the tree *** do so,we assessed nine communities along an elevation gradient from 1210 to 2310 m *** large elevation *** relationships between elevation and phylogenetic structure,forest structure and species richness were investigated through Linear *** occurrence of evolutionary fingerprint on phylogenetic lineages was investigated by quantifying the extent of phylogenetic signal of elevation-success using a genus-level molecular *** results showed decreased species richness at higher elevations and independence between forest structure,phylogenetic structure and *** also verified that there is a phylogenetic signal associated with elevation-success by *** concluded that the elevation is associated with species richness and the occurrence of phylogenetic lineages in the tree communities evaluated in mantiqueira *** the other hand,elevation is not associated with forest structure or phylogenetic ***,closely related taxa tend to have their higher ecological success in similar ***,we highlight the fragility of the tropical montane cloud forests in the mantiqueira Range in face of environmental changes(*** warming)due to the occurrence of exclusive phylogenetic lineages evolutionarily adapted to environmental conditions(*** temperature)associated with each elevation range.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Cloud forest Conservation Community ecology montane forests Phylogenetic diversity Phylogenetic signal

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Alkali activated slag-fly ash concrete incorporating precious slag as fine aggregate for rigid pavements

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第1期9卷 78-92页

作者： Avinash Talkeri A.U.ravi Shankar Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalMangalore 575025India

This study aims to develop the alkali activated slag-fly ash concrete(AASFC) using precious slag(PS) ball as the fine aggregate. The slag-fly ash proportion, sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide(SS/SH) ratio and sodium hydroxide concentration are the prime variables. The fresh concrete properties like workability, setting time and the hardened concrete properties of AASFC developed under ambient curing were analyzed and similar way by replacing with fly ash(FA). The sodium hydroxide concentration of 8 m, 10 m and 12 m, SS/SH ratio of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, alkaline liquid to binder ratio of 0.35 and variation in slag-fly ash proportion as major inputs for mix design. The test results showed that, the fresh state of AASFC blend has a shorter setting time of 12-16 min, because of calcium mineral from the FA, the workability and setting time of AASFC mix was enhanced by the addition of the trisodium phosphate as a retarder. At the higher SS/SH extent, the workability and setting time exaggerated, whereas the increased FA content and sodium hydroxide concentration had a greater influence on the fresh state of concrete. Also, the sodium hydroxide concentration, SS/SH ratio and slag-fly ash proportion are the most inducing parameters on the workability, setting time and strength parameters of AASFC.

关键词： Road engineering Slag-fly ash proportion SS/SH ratio molarity AASFC PS ball

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In situ stabilization of arsenic in soil with organoclay,organozeolite,birnessite,goethite and lanthanum-doped magnetic biochar

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 764-776页

作者： Saeed BAGHERIFAm Trevor C.BROWN Christopher m.FELLOWS ravi NAIDU Sridhar KOmARNENI Chemistry-School of Science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidale NSW 2351(Australia) Global Centre for Environmental Remediation Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW 2308(Australia) Department of Ecosystem Science and management and materials Research Institute 204 Energy and the Environment LaboratoryPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA 16802(USA)

Arsenic(As)is a known carcinogen and naturally occurring semi-metal in soils and in the Earth's *** of soils and water with As poses a serious threat to millions of people worldwide due to its health hazards and toxicological ***,devising novel and efficient methods for remediation of contaminated areas has attracted a great deal of interest across the *** this study,we investigated the usefulness of synthetic birnessite,goethite,hexadecylpyridinium chloride-modified montmorillonite(HDPC-m),hexadecylpyridinium bromide-modified zeolite(HDPB-Z),and lanthanum(La)-doped magnetic biochar produced from eucalyptus bark(La-Euchar)as adsorbents at 10%dosage for As stabilization in a soil spiked with 1000 mg kg^(-1)*** effectiveness of the above adsorbents in As immobilization in soil was assessed using single-step extractions with 2 mol L^(-1)HNO_(3)and deionized water,the simplified bioaccessibility extraction test(SBET)method,and sequential extraction with the modified Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)*** of the adsorbents shifted the exchangeable fraction of As to more recalcitrant fractions and dramatically reduced the exchangeable fraction by 6%-99%and the extractable amounts with HNO_(3),deionized water,and SBET method by 30%-92%,17%-95%,and 12%-90%,respectively,compared to the unamended *** immobilizing effects of adsorbents on As decreased in the sequence of birnessite>La-Euchar>goethite>HDPB-Z>*** exhibited great affinity for As and drastically reduced As extractability by more than 90%in all single *** results revealed that HDPC-m,HDPB-Z,La-Euchar,birnessite,and goethite are promising immobilizing agents for in situ stabilization of As in terrestrial environments.

关键词： adsorbent bioaccessibility bioavailability environmental contamination immobilizing agent modified biochar modified clay remediation technique

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Privacy preserving transparent supply chain management through Hyperledger Fabric

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第2期3卷 117-137页

作者： Deebthik ravi Sashank Ramachandran Raahul Vignesh Vinod Ramesh Falmari m.Brindha Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalli620015Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalli620015Tamil NaduIndia

The revolution of blockchain technology started in the form of a cryptocurrency called *** recent years,this decentralized technology has attained worldwide adoption and growth in multiple sectors,including egovernance,e-commerce,and asset *** disrupted these sectors,the choice of blockchain technology to solve real-world problems concerning supply chain seems to be an innovative *** this paper,an attempt is made to analyze blockchain's ability to improve the standards of supply chain *** paper includes a methodology to implement the suggested idea using a permissioned blockchain platform—Hyperledger *** the paper's scope,the existing supply chain problems,such as data integrity,provenance transparency,privacy,and security,are given emphasis more specifically in the context of the coffee supply chain industry,while also concurrently attempting to generalize the solution to manage other supply chain activities ***,the final objective of this research is to identify whether permissioned blockchain platforms could help stakeholders in the supply chain industry engage in a less-corruptible alternative to traditional web technology and whether they could enable a more positively nuanced blockchain system that draws the best balance between traditional web technology and a public blockchain,including privacy protection and security.

关键词： Permissioned blockchain Supply chain Hyperledger Fabric Provenance Privacy protection Security modularity

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mechanistically Novel Frontal-Inspired In Situ Photopolymerization:An Efficient Electrode|Electrolyte Interface Engineering method for High Energy Lithium metal Polymer Batteries

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Energy & Environmental materials 2023年第6期6卷 273-282页

作者： Ishamol Shaji Diddo Diddens martin Winter Jijeesh ravi Nair Helmholtz-Institute münster(HI mS) IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr.4648149Münster Germany mEET Battery Research Center Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr.46Münster 48149Germany

The solvent-free in situ polymerization technique has the potential to tailor-make conformal interfaces that are essential for developing durable and safe lithium metal polymer batteries(LmPBs).Hence,much attention has been given to the eco-friendly and rapid ultraviolet(UV)-induced in situ photopolymerization process to prepare solid-state polymer *** this respect,an innovative method is proposed here to overcome the challenges of UV-induced photopolymerization(UV-curing)in the zones where UV-light cannot penetrate,especially in LmPBs where thick electrodes are *** proposed frontal-inspired photopolymerization(FIPP)process is a diverged frontal-based technique that uses two classes(dual)of initiators to improve the slow reaction kinetics of allyl-based monomers/oligomers by at least 50%compared with the conventional UV-curing *** possible reaction mechanism occurring in FIPP is demonstrated using density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic ***,the initiation mechanism identified for the FIPP relies on a photochemical pathway rather than an exothermic propagating front forms during the UV-irradiation step as the case with the classical frontal photopolymerization ***,the FIPP-based in situ cell fabrication using dual initiators is advantageous over both the sandwich cell assembly and conventional in situ photopolymerization in overcoming the limitations of mass transport and active material utilization in high energy and high power LmPBs that use thick ***,the LmPB cells fabricated using the in situ-FIPP process with high mass loading LiFePO_(4)electrodes(5.2 mg cm^(-2))demonstrate higher rate capability,and a 50%increase in specific capacity against a sandwich cell encouraging the use of this innovative process in large-scale solid-state battery production.

关键词： cathodelelectrolyte interface frontal-inspired photopolymerization in situ polymerization lithium metal polymer battery solid polymer electrolyte

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Defensive Role of Plant Hormones in Advancing Abiotic Stress-Resistant Rice Plants

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Rice science 2023年第1期30卷 15-35页

作者： m.Iqbal R.KHAN Sarika KUmARI Faroza NAZIR Risheek Rahul KHANNA ravi GUPTA Himanshu CHHILLAR Department of Botany Jamia HamdardNew Delhi 110062India College of General Education Kookmin UniversitySeoul 136702South Korea

Consistent climatic perturbations have increased global environmental concerns, especially the impacts of abiotic stresses on crop productivity. Rice is a staple food crop for the majority of the world’s population. Abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, heat, cold and heavy metals, are potential inhibitors of rice growth and yield. Abiotic stresses elicit various acclimation responses that facilitate in stress mitigation. Plant hormones play an important role in mediating the growth and development of rice plants under optimal and stressful environments by activating a multitude of signalling cascades to elicit the rice plant’s adaptive responses. The current review describes the role of plant hormone-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in rice, potential crosstalk between plant hormones involved in rice abiotic stress tolerance and significant advancements in biotechnological initiatives including genetic engineering approach to provide a step forward in making rice resistance to abiotic stress.

关键词： abiotic stress genetic engineering plant hormone rice transcription factor tolerance

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Total knee arthroplasty with long tibial stem for tibial stress fractures with knee osteoarthritis:Two birds with one stone

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第6期25卷 357-361页

作者： Satvik N.Pai mohan m.Kumar Pravin K.Vanchi Raghav ravi Pradeesh Kiswanth Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research InstituteChennai600116India

Purpose:The treatment and outcome of tibial stress fractures concomitant with knee osteoarthritis(OA)are *** aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of total knee arthroplasty with long tibial stem as a treatment for patients having knee OA and tibial stress ***:Patients who were diagnosed to have proximal tibia stress fracture along with knee OA at our institution between June 2013 and November 2018 were included in our *** patients underwent total knee arthroplasty with long tibial *** and postoperative functional assessments were done according to range of movement of the knee joint,knee society score and knee injury and OA outcome *** analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables,frequency and proportion for categorical ***:Twelve patients were included in the *** patients were found to have stress fractures in the proximal half of tibia and *** patients had non-union/delayed union,and 8 patients had acute *** average preoperative range of movement was 88.1°,which improved to 116.3°at 3 months following *** was found that the fracture has healed in all *** knee society score improved from 32.9 preoperatively to 89.3 at 1 year *** injury and OA outcome score improved from a mean score of 28.3 preoperatively to 81.1 at 1 year ***:Stress fractures can occur in the proximal tibia in patients with knee *** knee arthroplasty with tibial stem provides a suitable solution for both *** plating or bone graft is unlikely to be required.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Stress fracture Total kneearthroplasty Tibial stem

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