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Artificial intelligence for the early detection of colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review of its advantages and misconceptions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第38期27卷 6399-6414页

作者： Michelle Viscaino Javier Torres Bustos pablo muñoz Cecilia Auat Cheein Fernando Auat Cheein Department of Electronic Engineering Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa MariaValpaiso 2340000Chile Hospital Clinico University of ChileSantiago 8380456Chile Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Santiago del EsteroSantiago del Estero 4200Argentina Department of Electronic Engineering Universidad Técnica Federico Santa MaríaValparaiso 2340000Chile

Colorectal cancer(CRC)was the second-ranked worldwide type of cancer during 2020 due to the crude mortality rate of 12.0 per 100000 *** can be prevented if glandular tissue(adenomatous polyps)is detected *** has been strongly recommended as a screening test for both early cancer and adenomatous ***,it has some limitations that include the high polyp miss rate for smaller(<10 mm)or flat polyps,which are easily missed during visual *** to the rapid advancement of technology,artificial intelligence(AI)has been a thriving area in different fields,including ***,in gastroenterology AI software has been included in computer-aided systems for diagnosis and to improve the assertiveness of automatic polyp detection and its classification as a preventive method for *** article provides an overview of recent research focusing on AI tools and their applications in the early detection of CRC and adenomatous polyps,as well as an insightful analysis of the main advantages and misconceptions in the field.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Medical images Colorectal cancer Colorectal polyps

Navigating medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction:Clinical perspectives and surgical strategies

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 6-10页

作者： Juan pablo Zicaro Ignacio Garcia-Mansilla Division of Knee Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires 1109Argentina

The surgical approach for patellar instability usually refers to reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament associated with an osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity or a trochleoplasty when *** medial patellotibial ligament and the medial patellomeniscal ligament are secondary stabilizers of the *** this,both the medial patellotibial and patellofemoral ligaments aid in patellar rotation and tilt when the knee is flexed beyond 45°.The medial patellotibial ligament plays a particularly important role in the final stages of stretching in extension and between 40 degrees to 90 degrees of *** clinical relevance and surgical indications for medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction associated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction are still *** editorial explores the surgical indications and clinical results for medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction to improve readers’understanding of this technique,especially because reported clinical outcomes have remained sparse.

关键词： Medial patellotibial ligament Patellar instability Reconstruction Surgical

Risk Transfer for Populations in Precarious Urban Environments

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 74-86页

作者： Juan pablo Sarmiento Ana María Torres-munoz Extreme Events Institute/Disaster Risk and Resilience in the Americas(DRRA) Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA

This study explores risk transfer options that precarious and marginal urban communities could use to protect themselves from future damages and losses generated by socio-natural hazards and disasters at the individual and community levels. The design is framed within an evidence-based disaster risk reduction(DRR) strategy and follows the case study research approach. We analyze the2018 Neighborhood Approach for DRR programming evaluation carried out in four Latin American cities’ informal settlements and review relevant risk transfer experiences aimed at vulnerable populations. We calculate the pure risk premium for the four cases selected, using a previous catastrophe risk assessment for earthquakes and landslides. We propose three risk transfer options based on our analysis:(1) voluntary collective insurance;(2) structural reinforcement with a comprehensive housing insurance;and(3) hybrid parametric insurance. Risk transfer mechanisms conventionally focus on residual risk management. Here, due to the precariousness of the analyzed urban settings, the proposed alternatives go beyond the management of just residual risk to positively impact the beneficiaries’ quality of life and the reduction of the built environment’s physical vulnerability in the short and medium terms. Our study proposes a prospective estimation of future risk despite the limitations of data availability. This study opens a window to new approaches and proposes a systematic process to design DRR policy aimed at the poor and vulnerable strata of society.

关键词： Case study research Catastrophe risk assessment Informal settlements Risk transfer Urban precariousness Urban risk

Addition of statins to the standard treatment in patients with cirrhosis:Safety and efficacy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第28期27卷 4639-4652页

作者： Alberto E muñoz Florencia D Pollarsky Mónica Marino Mariano Cartier Horacio Vázquez pablo Salgado Gustavo Romero Sección Hepatología Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr.Carlos Bonorino UdaondoFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1264Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1122Argentina Unidad Clínica Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr.Carlos Bonorino UdaondoInvestigador Asociado del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1264Argentina

This review summarizes the safety and efficacy of statins in patients with *** to concerns about the safety of statins in patients with impaired liver function,they have recently been investigated as a potential treatment option in *** most clinically significant adverse event is statin-related myopathy,and this may be related to the high serum statin concentrations in the setting of severely impaired liver *** is the most serious and potentially life-threatening *** has recently been demonstrated that the recommended dose of simvastatin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis would be 20 mg/d because higher values,such as 40 mg/d,are associated with many adverse events,especially muscle ***,simvastatin should not be administered to patients with Model for End-stage Liver Disease score>12 and/or Child-Pugh class C because of the high risk of severe muscle *** to the pleiotropic effects,the focus on statins has shifted from being considered harmful to something *** these effects,statins could prevent liver-related morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic *** studies in large populations of patients with cirrhosis have shown that treatment with statins to decrease high cholesterol levels was associated with a reduced risk of hepatic decompensation,hepatocellular carcinoma development and *** few randomized controlled trials in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension showed that statins lower portal pressure,quite likely through a reduction in hepatic *** large randomized controlled trial in patients with variceal bleeding showed that simvastatin in addition to standard of care did not prevent rebleeding but improved survival *** these encouraging outcomes,the quality of the evidence regarding the use of statins is low or very low due to the observational characteristics of most of the studies ***,it is advisable to per

关键词： Cirrhosis Liver disease Statins Safety Efficiency

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer C.munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

Fecal incontinence in men:Causes and clinical and manometric features

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第24期20卷 7933-7940页

作者： Teresa munoz-Yagüe pablo Solis-munoz Constanza Ciriza de los Rios Francisco muoz-Garrido Jesus Vara Jose Antonio Solis-Herruzo Department of Gastroenterology the University Hospital "12 de Octubre"28041-MadridSpain Institute of Liver Studies King’s College HospitalLondon SE5 9RSUnited Kingdom Pelvic Floor Unit the University Hospital "12 de Octubre"28041-MadridSpain Research Center University Hospital "12 de Octubre"Complutense University28041-MadridSpain

AIM:To determine the causes and characteristics of fecal incontinence in men and to compare these features with those presented by a group of women with the same ***:We analyzed the medical history,clinical and manometric data from 119 men with fecal incontinence studied in our unit and compared these data with those obtained from 645 women studied for the same *** to treatment was evaluated after 6 mo of ***:Fifteen percent of patients studied in our unit for fecal incontinence were *** took longer than women before asking for medical *** surgery was the most common risk factor for men related to fecal *** diarrhea was present in more than 40%of patients in both *** resting and external anal sphincter pressures were more frequent in *** significant differences existed between the sexes regarding rectal sensitivity and recto-anal inhibitory *** 17.8%of men,all presenting soiling,manometric findings did not justify fecal *** to treatment was good in both groups,as 80.4%of patients improved and fecal incontinence disappeared in 13.2%of ***:In our series,it was common that men waited longer in seeking medical help for fecal ***-rectal surgery was the major cause of this *** diarrhea was a predisposing factor in both *** differences between groups were limited to an increased frequency of hypotony of the external anal sphincter in *** incontinence was controllable in most patients.

关键词： Fecal Incontinence Gender Ano-rectal surgery Ano-rectal manometry Treatment Biofeedback

CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the polygalacturonase FaPG1 gene improves strawberry fruit firmness

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 201-210页

作者： Gloria López-Casado Cristina Sánchez-Raya pablo D.Ric-Varas Candelas Paniagua Rosario Blanco-Portales Juan muñoz-Blanco Sara Pose Antonio J.Matas Jose A.Mercado Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea‘La Mayora’(IHSM-UMA-CSIC)Universidad de Málaga29071 MálagaSpain Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Córdoba14071CórdobaSpain

Firmness is one of the most important fruit quality traits in *** postharvest shelf life of this soft fruit is highly limited by the loss of firmness,where cell wall disassembly plays an important *** studies demonstrated that the polygalacturonase FaPG1 has a key role in remodelling pectins during strawberry *** this study,FaPG1 knockout strawberry plants have been generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered via Agrobacterium *** independent lines,cv.“Chandler”,were obtained,and all of them were successfully edited as determined by PCR amplification and T7 endonuclease *** targeted mutagenesis insertion and deletion rates were analyzed using targeted deep *** percentage of edited sequences varied from 47%up to almost 100%,being higher than 95%for seven of the selected *** analyses showed that 7 out of the eight lines analyzed produced fruits significantly firmer than the control,ranging from 33 to 70%increase in *** was a positive relationship between the degree of FaPG1 editing and the rise in fruit *** changes were observed in other fruit quality traits,such as colour,soluble solids,titratable acidity or anthocyanin *** fruits showed a reduced softening rate during postharvest,displayed a reduced transpirational water loss,and were less damaged by Botrytis cinerea *** analysis of four potential off-target sites revealed no mutation *** conclusion,editing the FaPG1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient method for improving strawberry fruit firmness and shelf life.

关键词： fir straw PG1

Predicting the clothing insulation through machine learning algorithms:A comparative analysis and a practical approach

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 839-855页

作者： pablo Aparicio-Ruiz Elena Barbadilla-Martin Jose Guadix Jesus munuzuri Grupo de Ingenieria de Organizacion Escuela Tecnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaCamino de los Descubrimientos S/N41092SevilleSpain

Since indoor clothing insulation is a key element in thermal comfort models,the aim of the present study is proposing an approach for predicting it,which could assist the occupants of a building in terms of recommendations regarding their *** that,a systematic analysis of input variables is exposed,and 13 regression and 12 classification machine learning algorithms were developed and *** results are based on data from 3352 questionnaires and 21 input variables from a field study in mixed-mode office buildings in *** temperature at 6 a.m.,indoor air temperature,indoor relative humidity,comfort temperature and gender were the most relevant features for predicting clothing *** comparing machine learning algorithms,decision tree-based algorithms with Boosting techniques achieved the best *** proposed model provides an efficient method for forecasting the clothing insulation level and its application would entail optimising thermal comfort and energy efficiency.

关键词： clothing insulation simulation adaptive thermal comfort behavioural adaptive actions machine learning

Main environmental variables influencing the abundance of plant species under risk category

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1209-1217页

作者： pablo Antúnez División de Estudios de Posgrado Universidad de la Sierra Juárez68725 Oax.México

Determining climatic and physiographic variables in Mexico’s major ecoregions that are limiting to biodiversity and species of high conservation concern is essential for their ***,at the national level to date,few studies have been performed with large data sets and crossconfirmation using multiple statistical ***,we used 25 endemic,rare and endangered species from 3610 sampling points throughout Mexico and 25 environmental attributes,including average precipitation for different seasons of the year,annual dryness index,slope of the terrain;and maximum,minimum and average temperatures to test our hypothesis that these species could be assessed with the same weight among all variables,showing similar indices of *** results using principal component analysis,covariation analysis by permutations,and random forest regression showed that summer precipitation,length of the frost-free period,spring precipitation,winter precipitation and growing season precipitation all strongly influence the abundance of tropical *** contrast,annual precipitation and the balance at different seasons(summer and growing season)were the most relevant variables on the temperate region *** dry areas,the minimum temperature of the coldest month and the maximum temperature of the warmest month were the most significant *** these different associations in different climatic regions could support a more precise management and conservation plan for the preservation of plant species diversity in forests under different global warming scenarios.

关键词： Correlative models Climate change Effect of topography Endemic species IUCN list Machine learning algorithms