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2024 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities:An update of activity codes and energy expenditure values

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 18-23页

作者： Scott A.Conger Stephen d.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Tom E.Nightingale Joseph R.Sherman Barbara E.Ainsworth depa.tment of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham AL B152TTUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham AL B152TTUK College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Purpose:This pa.er presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compendium.The Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(pa.).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of pa.for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May 2023.We added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through 2011.Results:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair pa.reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing pa.ers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health pa..

关键词： disability Exercise MET Mobility

A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen d.Herrmann david R.Jacobs Jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(pa.intensity values used in pa.epidemiology research of the association between pa.and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of pa.on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHd)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

Stress tensors and quantification of fracture pa.terns to analyze connectivity and potential fluid flow in a mesa landform of the Northern Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 271-291页

作者： GARCÍA-ARIAS Sergio VELANdIA Francisco ALVAREZ Angélica SANABRIA-GÓMEZ Joséd TARAZONA Yessenia VARGAS María Camila Escuela de Geología Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia Escuela de Física Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia

This work applies stress tensors inversions and quantification of fracture pa.terns along the Mesa de Los Santos, in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, to better understand the potential fluid flow. It thus contributes to the conceptual hydrogeological model. The area was subdivided into three blocks, sepa.ated by the NW Potreros and the Los Santos faults, having minor inner faults of different orientations. This sepa.ation facilitates the analysis of the fractures measured in the field, which in general show high dip angles and a conjugate geometry in the northern block, tension fractures(Mode I) in the central block, and a random distribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor treatment of slickensides yielded a maximum horizontal stress(SHmax) of 111o, which coincides with the WNW-ESE tensor observed from the conjugate and tension joints. We then used Frac pa.Q to generate interpolation maps of fracture intensity and density. The maps show the highest values in the central block and the lowest in the northern block,where the precipitation is higher, causing intensive rock weathering and homogenization of the fracture planes. Although the highest values of connectivity by line are found to the south of the mesa, we suggest the possibility of greater flow from the recharge zone(NE) along bedding planes and open NW-SE fractures.

关键词： Mesa de Los Santos Colombia Win-Tensor Fracpa. Strike-slip faults Fractured aquifers

The Use of Far Infrared Treatment Prior to Exercise in Horses: An mfBIA and Acoustic Myography Three Case Study

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2024年第4期14卷 69-89页

作者： Adrian Harrison d.Phil depa.tment for Veterinary and Animal Sciences (IVH) Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen K&#248benhavn Denmark

Background: Acute effects of Far Infrared (FIR) treatment in horses are unknown, especially short periods of 30 minutes, as is any effect on such muscle pa.ameters as warm-up balance, overall exercise balance and laterality asymmetries. Aim: This study examines three equine cases in detail to measure any effects of a short period of FIR treatment. Methods: Multi-frequency bioimpedance (mfBIA) and acoustic myography (AMG), non-invasive techniques, were applied pre- and post-treatment with FIR to the back (T5-L4/5) and for m.Longissimus dorsi and m.Gluteus medius was recorded during a 15-minute warm-up regimen. mfBIA pa.ameters included extracellular resistance (Re), centre frequency (fc), membrane capa.itance (Mc), intracellular resistance (Ri) and phase angle (pa. which indicates level of training and health status. Results: FIR treatment responses for mfBIA pa.ameters were found to be horse-specific and different, whilst in terms of AMG, FIR treatment for 30 minutes had a beneficial effect on overall balance in all three horses (5 out of 6 muscles), and a beneficial effect on the AMG pa.ameter ST (force symmetry) in all three horses (6 out of 6 muscles). An overall improvement for combined balance and ST values for both muscles and all three horses of 86% was noted with FIR treatment, compa.ed to 56% without. Conclusions: This preliminary study of FIR treatment in three horses, has been found to result in an overall improvement in combined balance and ST values for both muscles. FIR has potential as a promising treatment to reduce the risk of warm-up-related injuries in athletic horses.

关键词： Equine FIR Muscle Balance Muscle Force Injury Prevention

In vivo femtosecond laser nanosurgery of the cell wall enabling pa.ch-clamp measurements on filamentous fungi

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 251-267页

作者： Tanja pa.ić Katarina Stevanović Nataša V.Todorović Aleksandar J.Krmpot MiroslavŽivić Svetlana Savić-Šević Steva M.Lević Marina Stanić dejan pa.telić Brana Jelenković Mihailo d.Rabasović Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry“Ivan djaja” Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeStudentski trg 1611158BelgradeSerbia Institute for Biological Research“Siniša Stanković” University of BelgradeNational Institute of the Republic of SerbiaBulevar Despota Stefana 14211000BelgradeSerbia Institute of Physics Belgrade University of BelgradeNational Institute of the Republic of SerbiaPregrevica 11811080BelgradeSerbia University of Belgrade Faculty of AgricultureNemanjina Street 611080BelgradeSerbia Institute for Multidisciplinary Research University of BelgradeKneza Višeslava 111030BelgradeSerbia

Studying the membrane physiology of filamentous fungi is key to understanding their interactions with the environment and crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for disease-causing pa.hogens.However,their plasma membrane has been inaccessible for a micron-sized pa.ch-clamp pipette for pa.current recordings due to the rigid chitinous cell wall.Here,we report the first femtosecond IR laser nanosurgery of the cell wall of the filamentous fungi,which enabled pa.ch-clamp measurements on protoplasts released from hyphae.A reproducible and highly precise(diffraction-limited,submicron resolution)method for obtaining viable released protoplasts was developed.Protoplast release from the nanosurgery-generated incisions in the cell wall was achieved from different regions of the hyphae.The plasma membrane of the obtained protoplasts formed tight and high-resistance(GΩ)contacts with the recording pipette.The entire nanosurgical procedure followed by the pa.ch-clamp technique could be completed in less than 1 hour.Compa.ed to previous studies using heterologously expressed channels,this technique provides the opportunity to identify new ionic currents and to study the properties of the ion channels in the protoplasts of filamentous fungi in their native environment.

关键词： pa.ch recording laser

Effects of low molecular weight polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii against pa.mitic acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and HepG2 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee d.P.Nagahawatta M.J.M.S.Kurera Kyung-Mo Song Yun-Sang Choi You-Jin Jeon Min-Cheol Kang depa.tment of Marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea depa.tment of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LMPST)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on lipids.Two natures of LMPST were attained from S.thunbergii and appraised their LMPST on pa.mitic acid(pa.induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 cells.LMPST treatment lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in pa.treated above mentioned cells.The mechanistic study publicized that LMPST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated the pa.treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis pa.hway.Furthermore,in pa.treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by LMPST2.Given these constructive properties of LMPST2 from S.thunbergii,is a potential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Low molecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accumulation Obesity Liver steatosis

Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen d.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science depa.tment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China depa.tment of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(pa.)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTdiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured pa.in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during pa.divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 pa..From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://pa.ompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of pa. in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in pa.research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise MET Older adults

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen d.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover david R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science depa.tment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the compa.ability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(pa.across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support pa.research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text pa.ers and extracted 2356 pa.energy expenditure values from 701 pa.ers.We added303 new pa. and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 pa.(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of pa. and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

High-Sensitivity Magnetization Measurements

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2000年第2期16卷 97-101页

作者： C.d. Graham (dept. of Materials Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, pa.19104, USA) dept. of Materials Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 United States

The three most common instruments for high-sensitivity magnetization measurements (the vibrating-sampie magnetometer, the alternating gradient magnetometer, and the SQUId magnetometer) are described and their limiting sensitivities are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each are described. Magnetometers using micro-machined force detectors are briefly mentioned.

关键词： VSM High-Sensitivity Magnetization Measurements