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Geometric morphometrics of mandibles for dietary differentiation of Bovidae(Mammalia:Artiodactyla)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 237-249页

作者： Bian WANG Miriam ZELDITCH catherine BADGLEY Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109-1005USA Museum of Paleontology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109-1085USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109-1085USA

The mammalian family Bovidae has been widely studied in ecomorphological research,with important applications to paleoecological and paleohabitat reconstructions.Most studies of bovid craniomandibular features in relation to diet have used linear measurements.In this study,we conduct landmark-based geometric-morphometric analyses to evaluate whether different dietary groups can be distinguished by mandibular morphology.Our analysis includes data for 100 species of extant bovids,covering all bovid tribes and 2 dietary classifications.For the first classification with 3 feeding categories,we found that browsers(including frugivores),mixed feeders,and grazers are moderately well separated using mandibular shape.A finer dietary classification(frugivore,browser,browser-grazer intermediate,generalist,variable grazer,and obligate grazer)proved to be more useful for differentiating dietary extremes(frugivores and obligate grazers)but performed equally or less well for other groups.Notably,frugivorous bovids,which belong in tribe Cephalophini,have a distinct mandibular shape that is readily distinguished from all other dietary groups,yielding a 100%correct classification rate from jackknife cross-validation.The main differences in mandibular shape found among dietary groups are related to the functional needs of species during forage prehension and mastication.Compared with browsers,both frugivores and grazers have mandibles that are adapted for higher biomechanical demand of chewing.Additionally,frugivore mandibles are adapted for selective cropping.Our results call for more work on the feeding ecology and functional morphology of frugivores and offer an approach for reconstructing the diet of extinct bovids.

关键词： ecomorphology frugivory geometric morphometrics herbivory paleoecology

Signaling interactions among neurons impact cell fitness and death in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 784-789页

作者： catherine Yeates Prajakta Deshpande Madhuri Kango-Singh Amit Singh Department of Biology University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Premedical Program University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton(TREND) University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA The Integrative Science and Engineering Center University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Center for Genomic Advocacy(TCGA) Indiana State UniversityTerre HauteINUSA

The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease involves a long preclinical period,where the characteristic clinical symptoms of the changes in the brain are undetectable.During the preclinical period,homeostatic mechanisms may help prevent widespread cell death.Evidence has pointed towards selective cell death of diseased neurons playing a potentially protective role.As the disease progresses,dysregulation of signaling pathways that govern cell death contributes to neurodegeneration.Aberrant activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway has been established in human and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease caused by amyloid-beta 42-or tau-mediated neurodegeneration.Clonal mosaic studies in Drosophila that examine amyloid-beta 42 in a subset of neurons suggest complex interplay between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type cells.This review examines the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in the context of cell competition and short-range signaling interactions between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type neurons.Cell competition is a conserved phenomenon regulating tissue integrity by assessing the fitness of cells relative to their neighbors and eliminating suboptimal cells.Somatic clones of amyloid-beta 42 that juxtapose genetically distinct neuronal cell populations show promise for studying neurodegeneration.Generating genetic mosaics with labeled clones of amyloid-beta 42-or tau-expressing and wild-type neurons will allow us to understand how short-range signaling alterations trigger cell death in neurons and thereby contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.These approaches have the potential to uncover biomarkers for early Alzheimer’s disease detection and new therapeutic targets for intervention.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-beta 42 mediated neurodegeneration cell competition Drosophila c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling suboptimal cell super competition super competitor cell two clone-approach wild type cell

How do project-oriented organizations enhance innovation?An institutional theory perspective

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工程管理前沿:英文版 2023年第3期10卷 427-438页

作者： Shankar SANKARAN catherine PKILLEN Alexandra PITSIS Faculty of Design Architecture and Building University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia

A project-oriented organization is a hybrid form of organization where a functional hierarchy is augmented with structures to manage projects strategically across the organization.Six project-oriented organizations from diverse industries that emphasize innovation in their strategies were selected for this study.We use the three pillars of institutional theory—regulative,normative and cultural-cognitive—and institutional entrepreneurship to analyze interview data from executive and project,program and portfolio management personnel in the project-oriented organizations to investigate how innovation is facilitated through external influences and internal responses.Our findings indicate that processes and new structures provide effective ways for innovation and,while individuals are important,processes are more effective than individuals at enabling innovation.We put forward some lessons for practice that emerge directly from the findings,including suggestions on improving allocation of resources,a need to focus on processes,reconceptualization of“failure”,and dedicated investment in market knowledge,customer knowledge,performance metrics and flexible governance structures.

关键词： project-oriented organizations innovation institutional entrepreneurship institutional theory

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 184-196页

作者： Maxine A.Höft Wendy A.Burgers catherine Riou Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Division of Medical Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics.People with HIV(PWH)are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression,immune reconstitution,and viral control.While COVID-19 in those with wellcontrolled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals,people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes.COVID-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH,though reduced vaccine efficacy,breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in PWH.This is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination.People with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants,but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy(ART)can effectively clear persistent infection.COVID-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely immunocompromised.We recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection,especially in areas with a high HIV burden.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 HIV Immune dysfunction Vaccine efficacy Prolonged infection Immunogenicity

Providing primary care to transgender patients

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第3期7卷 37-39页

作者： catherine Frances Casey Family Medicine University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA

Lara(not an actual patient),a 45-year-old transwoman,presents to your clinic for a yearly check-up.She has no significant medical history except for asthma.Her surgical history includes appendectomy and breast augmentation.Family history is significant for a mother who developed breast cancer at age 55 years and a brother with type 2 diabetes.In terms of her social history,she does not smoke,drinks 1-2 glasses of wine on the weekends and has been in a mutually monogamous relationship with a male partner for 2 years.Her medications include spironolactone,oestradiol and escitalopram.Transgender people-people who identify as a gender other than the one assigned at birth-have existed throughout human history and in multiple cultures.Yet at no time have they received as much attention as they have in the last few years.The validity of their identities and their corresponding legal rights are a political battleground in the USA.Despite the increasing prevalence of people coming out as transgender or gender-expansive,and despite the trend towards greater societal acceptance of non-binary gender identities,transgender patients face significant barriers to accessing basic medical care.Medical schools and residencies have traditionally provided very little training on caring for transgender patients,a paradigm that is only now beginning to shift.Contrary to popular belief,patients identifying as transgender or gender-expansive span the entire age range,with paediatric to geriatric patients choosing interventions that include pubertyblocking medications,hormone therapy and/or surgical interventions.Primary care doctors find themselves learning,often from patients,how to provide sensitive,competent care to this underserved and marginalised population.

关键词： patients legal smoke

Determining a representative element volume for DEM simulations of samples with non-circular particles

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Particuology 2022年第9期20卷 29-43页

作者： Peter Adesina catherine O'Sullivan Tokio Morimoto Masahide Otsubo Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondon SW72AZUK Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-kuTokyo 153-8505Japan

Numerical studies on the number of particles or system size required to attain a representative element volume(REV)for discrete element method(DEM)simulations of granular materials have almost always considered samples with spherical or circular particles.This study considers how many particles are needed to attain a REV for 2D samples of 2-disc cluster particles where the particle aspect ratio(AR)was systematically varied.Dense and loose assemblies of particles were simulated.The minimum REV was assessed both by considering the repeatability of static packing characteristics and the shearing behaviour in biaxial compression tests,and by investigating the effect of sample size on the measured characteris-tics and observed shearing behaviour.The repeatability of the data considered generally improved with increasing sample size.The packing characteristics of the dense samples were more repeatable suggest-ing that the minimum REV reduces with increasing packing density.The minimum REV was observed to be sensitive to the characteristic measured.Although the overall responses of the samples during shear deformation were similar irrespective of the sample sizes,the smaller the sample size,the higher the fluctuations observed in the responses.Analysis of the coefficient of variation of the fluctuations around the critical state stress ratio can provide insight as to whether a REV is attained.The particle AR influences the effect of sample size on shearing characteristics and thus the minimum number of particles required to attain a REV;this can be explained by the influence of AR on the number of contacts within the samples.

关键词： DEM Representative element volume Non-circular particles Particle shape Granular materials

Ru complex and N,P-containing polymers confined within mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for hydrogenation of CO_(2)to formate

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 4515-4523页

作者： Guoxiang Yang Yasutaka Kuwahara Kohsuke Mori catherine Louis Hiromi Yamashita Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives(OTRI) Osaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts&Batteries(ESICB) Kyoto UniversityKatsuraKyoto 615-8520Japan JST PRESTO4-1-8 HonchoKawaguchiSaitama 332-0012Japan Sorbonne Université CNRSLaboratoire de Réactivitéde SurfaceLRSF-75005 ParisFrance

The development of reliable catalysts with both excellent activity and recyclability for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))hydrogenation is challenging.Herein,a ternary hybrid heterogeneous catalyst,involving mononuclear Ru complex,N,P-containing porous organic polymers(POPs),and mesoporous hollow carbon spheres(Ru^(3+)-POPs@MHCS)is reported for CO_(2)hydrogenation to formate.Based on comprehensive structural analyses,we demonstrated that Ru^(3+)-POPs were successfully immobilized within MHCS.The optimized Ru^(3+)-0.5POPs@MHCS catalyst,which was obtained with about 5 wt.%Ru^(3+)and 0.5 mmol POPs polymers confined into 0.3 g MHCS,exhibited high catalytic activity for CO_(2)hydrogenation to formate(turnover number(TON)>1,200 for 24 h under mild reaction conditions(4.0 MPa,120℃))and improved durability,compared to Ru^(3+)catalysts without POPs polymers(Ru^(3+)-MHCS)and unencapsulated MHCS(Ru^(3+)-0.5POPs)catalysts.The improved catalytic performance is attributed to the high surface area and large pore volume of MHCS which favors dispersion and stabilization of Ru^(3+)-POPs.Furthermore,the MHCS and POPs showed high CO_(2)adsorption ability.Ru^(3+)-POPs encapsulated into MHCS reduces the activation energy barrier for CO_(2)hydrogenation to formate.

关键词： heterogeneous catalysis porous organic polymers(POPs) mesoporous hollow carbon spheres CO_(2)hydrogenation formate synthesis

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) as an emerging determinant of the adaptive immune response

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第12期15卷 1077-1079页

作者： catherine Desrumaux Laurent Lagrost UniversitéMontpellier Montpellier F-34095France Team‘Environmental Impacts in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders’(EiAlz) InsermU1198Montpellier F-34095France EPHE Paris F-75007France LipSTIC LabEx Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon F-21000France INSERM LNC UMR1231Dijon F-21000France University Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231Dijon F-21000France

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein(PLTP)is a multifunctional lipid transporter.In addition to phospholipids,PLTP transports various amphipathic compounds,such as cholesterol,alphatocopherol,diacylglycerides,and lipopolysaccharides.In addition to its impact on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis development,PLTP has recently been reported to modulate inflammation and immune responses.It modulates the phagocytic activity of macrophages and microglial cells1,2 and increases the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6(IL-6).3–5 In further support of the pro-inflammatory effect of PLTP,the expression level of IL-6 and the number of infiltrating macrophages in aortic tissue after experimental aneurysm induction were shown to be lower in PLTP-deficient mice than in wild-type mice;6 additionally,recombinant PLTP was shown to exert a direct pro-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes,independent of its lipid transfer activity.7 Notably,despite its direct pro-inflammatory actions,PLTP can exert indirect antiinflammatory actions through its ability to transport and detoxify lipopolysaccharides in gram-negative bacteria.8,9 In humans,the majority of PLTP-associated proteins are involved in innate immunity and/or the inflammatory response in plasma,and PLTP activity is significantly increased in patients with bacterial infections and systemic inflammation.In addition to the key roles of PLTP in innate immunity,a recent publication from our group entitled“Plasma phospholipid transfer protein(PLTP)modulates adaptive immune functions through alternation of T-helper-cell polarization”10 demonstrated for the first time that PLTP can also modulate adaptive immune responses.This modulation occurred through a profound effect on CD4+T-cell polarization toward the pro-inflammatory Th1 subtype.This novel property also supports the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects of PLTP(Fig.1).

关键词： PLTP immunity metabolism

体育素养课程中的知识、知识转移和创新（英文）

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第2期4卷 119-124页

作者： catherine D.Ennis Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at Greensboro

有基础文化素养的个体拥有知识和技能,并能在新环境中运用这些知识和技能完成任务。知识在体育素养中处于核心位置,并且是知道做什么、如何做以及何时做的基础。本文主张体育素养不仅包括如何完成知识,也包括应用知识及利用知识去创新... 详细信息

有基础文化素养的个体拥有知识和技能,并能在新环境中运用这些知识和技能完成任务。知识在体育素养中处于核心位置,并且是知道做什么、如何做以及何时做的基础。本文主张体育素养不仅包括如何完成知识,也包括应用知识及利用知识去创新的能力。自1930年以来,学者们就阐述了知识在体育素养课程设计中的角色,该课程着重于通过一系列跨学科方法将知识转移到体育教育中。这种强调体育素养的课程设置一直延续到当前的"科学,体育和我!"及"健康生活的科学"的跨学科课程中。

关键词：知识转移课程设计知识创新素养物理体育教育学科课程跨学科