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Immune neutropenias of infancy and childhood

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第2期12卷 142-148页

作者： piero Farruggia Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit Oncology DepartmentA.R.N.A.S.Ospedali CivicoDi Cristina e BenfratelliPalermoItaly

Background:Anti-neutrophil antibodies are a wellrecognized cause of neutropenia,producing a potential increase in risk of infection:in the majority of patients antibodies react against antigens located on the IgG Fc receptor type 3b(FcRIIIb),but other target antigens have been *** sources:In this review the most important papers of auto and alloimmune neutropenias of infancy and childhood were ***,Google Scholar and Thompson ISI Web of Knowledge were searched for identifying relevant ***:Primary autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is mostly a benign condition with self-limited course,whereas isolated alloimmune neonatal neutropenia or secondary autoimmune neutropenia may be occasionally complicated by severe ***:Granulocyte colony stimulating factor is an effective therapy for patients affected by all types of autoimmune and alloimmune neutropenia,even though most of them do not need any therapy.

关键词： immune infancy neutropenia

Mounting evidence of FKBP12 implication in neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2195-2202页

作者： Gabriella Caminati piero Procacci Department of Chemistry“Ugo Schiff” University of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoItaly Center for Colloid and Surface Science(CSGI) University of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoItaly

Intrinsically disordered proteins, such as tau or α-synuclein, have long been associated with a dysfunctional role in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s’ diseases, these proteins, sharing a common chemical-physical pattern with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains rich in prolines, abnormally aggregate in tangles in the brain leading to progressive loss of neurons. In this review, we present an overview linking the studies on the implication of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain of immunophilins, and notably FKBP12, to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the molecular origin of such a role. The involvement of FKBP12 dysregulation in the aberrant aggregation of disordered proteins pinpoints this protein as a possible therapeutic target and, at the same time, as a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis in neurodegeneration, calling for the development of reliable, fast and cost-effective detection methods in body fluids for community-based screening campaigns.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease biomarker detections FKBP12 FK506 binding protein neurodegeneration Parkinson’s disease tau protein α-synuclein

Advanced methodologies for the cleaning of works of art

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 2162-2182页

作者： CASINI Andrea CHELAZZI David BAGLIONI piero CSGI and Department of Chemistry“Ugo Schiff” University of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoFlorence 50019Italy Department of Chemistry“Ugo Schiff”and CSGI University of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoFlorence 50019Italy

Cultural heritage assets constitute a fundamental socioeconomic resource,but the actual works of art need to be maintained,counteracting degradation processes,to transfer these benefits to future *** particular,the removal of soil,aged coatings,and vandalism/overpaints is one of the most needed interventions in art *** cleaning methodologies,based on classical solution and polymer chemistry,only grant limited control of the cleaning interventions,with the risk of affecting the original components of the artifacts,and often involving the use of toxic or non-environmentally friendly ***,materials science,colloids,and soft matter have provided valuable and safe solutions in the last *** review provides a selection of the most recent and advanced methodologies for the wet cleaning of works of art,spanning from nanostructured cleaning fluids(microemulsions,surfactants swollen micelles)to physical and chemical *** new methodologies work on different physico-chemical mechanisms,such as processes for detaching/dewetting,to selectively remove the unwanted layers in sustainable and cost-effective *** best performing systems,like microemulsions confined in“twin-chain”polyvinyl alcohol gels,have been assessed in the cleaning of masterpieces such as works by Pablo Picasso,Jackson Pollock and Roy *** attention is dedicated to“green”chemistry systems,using low-toxicity solvents or bio-based/waste materials to build gel ***,current trends and future perspectives are given,showing that advanced systems for art cleaning link with transversal fields of crucial importance even beyond Cultural heritage conservation,e.g.,detergency,tissue engineering,drug-delivery,food industry and cosmetics.

关键词： cleaning conservation cultural heritage gels microemulsions surfactants colloids nanoscience

Does antecolic reconstruction decrease delayed gastric emptying after pancreatoduodenectomy?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第45期18卷 6527-6531页

作者： Nadia Peparini piero Chirletti Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma H 00043 RomeItaly Department of Surgical Sciences Sapienza University of Rome00161 RomeItaly

Delayed gastric emptying(DGE) is a frequent complication after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy(PpPD).Kawai and colleagues proposed pylorus-resecting pancreatoduodenectomy(PrPD) with antecolic gastrojejunal anastomosis to obviate DGE occurring after *** we debate the reported differences in the prevalence of DGE in antecolic and retrocolic gastro/duodeno-jejunostomies after PrPD and PpPD,*** concluded that the route of the gastro/duodeno-jejunal anastomosis with respect to the transverse colon;i.e.,antecolic route or retrocolic route,is not responsible for the differences in prevalence of DGE after pancreatoduodenectomy(PD) and that the impact of the reconstructive method on DGE is related mostly to the angulation or torsion of the gastro/*** report a prevalence of 8.9% grade A DGE and 1.1% grade C DGE in a series of 89 subtotal stomach-preserving PDs with Roux-en Y retrocolic reconstruction with anastomosis of the isolated Roux limb to the stomach and single Roux limb to both the pancreatic stump and hepatic *** anastomosis of the isolated first jejunal loop to the gastric remnant allows outflow of the gastric contents by gravity through a "straight route".

关键词： Antecolic reconstruction Retrocolic recon-struction Pancreatoduodenectomy Pylorus-preservingpancreatoduodenectomy Delayed gastric emptying

Postoperative biliary adverse events following orthotopic liver transplantation: Assessment with magnetic resonance cholangiography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11080-11094页

作者： piero Boraschi Francescamaria Donati 2nd Unit of Radiology Department of Diagnostic Radiology Vascular and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Pisa University Hospital56124 Pisa Italy

Biliary adverse events following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are relatively common and continue to be serious causes of morbidity, mortality, and transplant dysfunction or failure. The development of these adverse events is heavily influenced by the type of anastomosis during surgery. The low specificity of clinical and biologic findings makes the diagnosis challenging. Moreover, direct cholangiographic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography present an inadmissible rate of adverse events to be utilized in clinically low suspected patients. Magnetic resonance (MR) maging with MR cholangiopancreatography is crucial in assessing abnormalities in the biliary system after liver surgery, including liver transplant. MR cholangiopancreatography is a safe, rapid, non-invasive, and effective diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of biliary adverse events after liver transplantation, since it plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of these events. On the basis of a recent systematic review of the literature the summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity of MR cholangiopancreatography for diagnosis of biliary adverse events following OLT were 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. It can provide a non-invasive method of imaging surgical reconstruction of the biliary anastomoses as well as adverse events including anastomotic and non-anastomotic strictures, biliary lithiasis and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in liver transplant recipients. Nevertheless, conventional T2-weighted MR cholangiography can be implemented with T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography using hepatobiliary contrast agents (in particular using Gd-EOB-DTPA) in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy in the adverse events’ detection such as bile leakage and strictures, especially in selected patients with biliary-enteric anastomosis.

关键词： Liver transplantation Bile ducts Biliary adverse events Magnetic resonance cholangiography Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography

Bio-mathematical models of viral dynamics to tailor antiviral therapy in chronic viral hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第5期15卷 531-537页

作者： Maurizia Rossana Brunetto piero Colombatto Ferruccio Bonino UO Epatologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana 56100 Pisa Italy Direzione Scientifica Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli and Regina Elena di Milano 20122 Milano Italy

The simulation of the dynamics of viral infections by mathematical equations has been applied successfully to the study of viral infections during antiviral therapy. Standard models applied to viral hepatitis describe the viral load decline in the f irst 2-4 wk of antiviral therapy, but do not adequately simulate the dynamics of viral infection for the following period. The hypothesis of a constant clearance rate of the infected cells provides an unrealistic estimation of the time necessary to reach the control or the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV)/ hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To overcome the problem, we have developed a new multiphasic model in which the immune system activity is modulated by a negative feedback caused by the infected cells reduction, and alanine aminotransferase kinetics serve as a surrogate marker of infected-cell clearance. By this approach, we can compute the dynamics of infected cells during the whole treatment course, and find a good correlation between the number of infected cells at the end of therapy and the long-term virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The new model successfully describes the HBV infection dynamics far beyond the third month of antiviral therapy under the assumption that the sum of infected and non-infected cells remains roughly constant during therapy, and both target and infected cells concur in the hepatocyte turnover. In clinical practice, these new models will allow the development of simulators of treatment response that will be used as an "automatic pilot" for tailoring antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B as well as chronic hepatitis C patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Bio-mathematical models Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Viral dynamics

The "meso" of the rectum and the "meso" of the pancreas: similar terms but distinct concepts in surgical oncology

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第5期14卷 548-551页

作者： Nadia Peparini Roberto Caronna piero Chirletti Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma H-Distretto 3 Department of Surgical Sciences Sapienza University of Rome

A correspondence between the ＂meso＂ of the rectum and of the pancreas has recently been reported. Here we highlight the differences between mesorectum and mesopancreas. Based on anatomical findings from a series of 89 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies and 71 consecutive total mesorectal excisions, we observed that in contrast to the mesorectum, the mesopancreas did not have well-defined anatomic boundaries and was continuous and connected through its components with the para-aortic area. In rectal cancer,tumor deposits and nodal involvement could be confined to the mesorectum（i.e., within the mesorectal fascia）, whereas in pancreatic carcinoma, tumor deposits and nodal metastases occurred in the boundless mesopancreatic area. Total mesorectal excision was made en bloc with the rectum by dissecting along the mesorectal fascia; this was not the case for mesopancreatic excision since anatomical demarcation of the mesopancreas did not exist. Moreover, the growth pattern of pancreatic cancer showed greater dispersion, which was more prominent at the invasive front of the tumor and could potentially affect the status of the resection margin. These findings indicate that the mesorectum and mesopancreas are completely distinct from the pathological, surgical, and oncological standpoints.

关键词： pancreatic head carcinoma surgical procedure therapy pancreatic cancer

Enucleation for gastrointestinal stromal tumors at the esophagogastric junction:Is this an adequate solution?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第16期17卷 2159-2160页

作者： Nadia Peparini Giovanni Carbotta piero Chirletti Department of General Surgery "Francesco Durante" La Sapienza University

The authors discussed the proposal by Coccolini and colleagues to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) at the esophagogastric junction with enucleation and,if indicated,adjuvant therapy,reducing the risks related to esophageal and gastroesophageal *** concluded that,because the prognostic impact of a T1 high-mitotic rate on esophageal GIST is worse than that of a T1 high-mitotic rate on gastric GIST,enucleation may not be an adequate surgery for esophagogastric GISTs with a high mitotic rate in which the guarantee of negative resection margins and adjuvant therapies can be the only chance of survival.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Esophagogastric junction Surgery Resection Enucleation

Clinical significance of erectile dysfunction developing after acute coronary event： exception to the rule or confirmation of the artery size hypothesis？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第1期17卷 21-25,I0006页

作者： piero Montorsi Paolo M Ravagnani Charalambos Vlachopoulos Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Cardiovascular Section University of Milan Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy Department of Cardiology Athens Medical School Greece.

Erectile dysfunction （ED） has been found to frequently precedes the onset of coronary artery disease （CAD）, representing an early marker of subclinical vascular disease, included CAD. Its recognition is, therefore, a ＂window opportunity＂ to prevent a coronary event by aggressive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. The artery size hypothesis （ASH） has been proposed as a putative mechanism to explain the relationship between ED and CAD. Since atherosclerosis is a systemic disorder all major vascular beds should be affected to the same extent. However, symptoms at different points in the system rarely become evident at the same time. This is likely the result of smaller vessels （i.e. the penile artery） being able to less well tolerate the same amount of plaque when compared with larger ones （i.e. the coronary artery）. If true, ED will develop before CAD. We present a case in which ED developed after a coronary event yet before a coronary recurrence potentially representing a late marker of vascular progression. Reasons for this unusual sequence are discussed as they might still fit the ASH.

关键词： artery size hypothesis coronary artery disease erectile dysfunction