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空气污染和700万成人中的死亡率：荷兰环境纵向研究(DUELS)

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环境与职业医学 2015年第12期32卷 1141-1141页

作者： paul H.fischer Marten Marra Caroline B.Ameling Gerard Hoek Rob Beelen Kees de Hoogh Oscar Breugelmans Hanneke Kruize

[背景]一些城市队列研究已经表明空气污染长期暴露与死亡率相关联。但利用包括非城市人群的大规模人口登记数据分析这种关联的研究却很少。[目的]基于现有的国家数据库,评估荷兰空气污染长期暴露与非意外和死因别死亡率之间的关联。[方... 详细信息

[背景]一些城市队列研究已经表明空气污染长期暴露与死亡率相关联。但利用包括非城市人群的大规模人口登记数据分析这种关联的研究却很少。[目的]基于现有的国家数据库,评估荷兰空气污染长期暴露与非意外和死因别死亡率之间的关联。[方法]使用荷兰现有的有关死亡率、个体特征、居住历史、社区特征以及全国空气污染地图的数据库,其中全国空气污染地图是基于土地利用回归(LUR)技术,并针对空气动力学直径≤10μm(PM10)的颗粒物和二氧化氮(NO2)。使用这些数据库建立一个710万人的队列,且队列中研究对象的年龄均≥30岁。跟踪这一队列7年(2004—2011年),采用Cox比例风险模型校正潜在的个体和区域特定的混杂因素。[结果]校正个人和区域特定的混杂因素后,PM10和NO2每增加10μg/m3与非意外死亡[分别为危险比(HR)=1.08,95%CI:1.07~1.09;HR=1.03,95%CI:1.02~1.03]、呼吸系统死亡(分别为HR=1.13,95%CI:1.10~1.17;HR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.03)和肺癌死亡(分别为HR=1.26,95%CI:1.21~1.30;HR=1.10,95%CI:1.09~1.11)相关联。此外,PM_(10)与循环系统疾病死亡率(HR=1.06,95%CI:1.04~1.08)相关,但NO_2与其没有关联(HR=1.00,95%CI:0.99~1.01)。在校正了NO_2之后,PM_(10)的关联表现稳健;在校正了PM_(10)之后,NO^2与非意外死亡率和肺癌死亡率间的关联仍然存在。[结论]PM_(10)和NO_2长期暴露与荷兰30岁以上人群的非意外死亡率和死因别死亡率有关联。

关键词：空气污染 DUELS 动力学直径意外死亡城市人群模型校正循环系统疾病人口登记混杂因素个体特征

Advanced accounting / 8th ed.

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Cross-sectional associations between cortical thiclmess and physical activity in older adults with spontaneous memory complaints:The MAPT Study

2002年

作者： fischer paul M.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 324-332页

作者： Jérémy Raffin Yves Rolland Clara fischer Jean-Francois Mangin Audrey Gabelle Bruno Vellas Philipe de Souto Barreto the MAPT/DSA Group Gérontopôle de Toulouse Institut du VieillissementCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de ToulouseToulouse 31000France Universitépaul-Sabatier/Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale UnitéMixte de Recherche 1027 Facultéde médecineUniversity of Toulouse ⅢToulouse 31000France Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform NeurospinUniversitéParis-SaclayGif sur Yvette 91191France Memory Resources and Research Center Montpellier University HospitalMontpellier 34295France Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale Unité1061 i-site Montpellier Universitéd'Excellence University of MontpellierMontpellier 34090France 不详

Background:Age-related changes in brain structure may constitute the starting point for cerebral function *** activity(PA)demonstrated favorable associations with total brain volume,but its relationship with cortical thickness(CT)remains *** investigated the cross-sectional associations between PA level and CT in community-dwelling people aged 70 years and ***:A total of 403 older adults aged 74.8±4.0 years(mean±SD)who underwent a baseline magnetic resonance imaging examination and who had data on PA and confounders were *** was assessed with a *** were categorized according to PA *** linear regressions were used to compare the brain CT(mm)of the inactive group(no PA at all)with 6 active groups(growing PA levels)in 34 regions of ***:Compared with inactive persons,people who achieved PA at a level of 1500-1999 metabolic equivalent task-min/week(i.e.,about6-7 h of brisk walking for exercise) and those who achieved it at 2000-2999 metabolic equivalent task-min/week(i.e.,8-11 h of brisk walking for exercise)had higher CT in the fusiform gyrus and the temporal ***,dose-response associations between PA and CT were found in the fusiform gyrus(B=0.011,SE=0.004,adj.p=0.035),the temporal pole(B=0.026,SE=0.009,adj.p=0.048),and the caudal middle frontal gyrus,the entorhinal,medial orbitofrontal,lateral occipital,and insular ***:This study demonstrates a positive association between PA level and CT in temporal areas such as the fusiform gyrus,a brain region often associated to Alzheimer’s disease in people aged 70 years and *** investigations focusing on PA type may help to fulfil remaining knowledge gaps in this field.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Brain aging Cortical thickness Physical activity

Plasmonic mid-infrared third harmonic generation in germanium nanoantennas

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 19-25页

作者： Marco P.fischer Aaron Riede Kevin Gallacher Jacopo Frigerio Giovanni Pellegrini Michele Ortolani Douglas J.paul Giovanni Isella Alfred Leitenstorfer Paolo Biagioni Daniele Brida Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics University of Konstanz78457 KonstanzGermany School of Engineering University of GlasgowRankine BuildingOakfield AvenueGlasgow G128LTUK L-NESS Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di MilanoVia Anzani 4222100 ComoItaly Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanoItaly Department of Physics Sapienza University of Rome00185 RomeItaly Physics and Materials Science Research Unit University of Luxembourg162a avenue de la FaïencerieL-1511 LuxembourgLuxembourg

We demonstrate third harmonic generation in plasmonic antennas consisting of highly doped germanium grown on silicon substrates and designed to be resonant in the mid-infrared frequency range that is inaccessible with conventional nonlinear plasmonic *** to the near-field enhancement,the result is an ultrafast,subdiffraction,coherent light source with a wavelength tunable between 3 and 5μm,and ideally overlapping with the fingerprint region of molecular *** observe the nonlinearity in this challenging spectral window,a highpower femtosecond laser system equipped with parametric frequency conversion in combination with an all-reflective confocal microscope setup is *** demonstrate spatially resolved maps of the linear scattering cross section and the nonlinear emission of single isolated antenna structures.A clear third-order power dependence as well as mid-infrared emission spectra prove the nonlinear nature of the light *** support the observed resonance length of the double-rod antenna and demonstrate that the field enhancement inside the antenna material is responsible for the nonlinear frequency mixing.

关键词： antenna antennas scattering

Development of a Performant Method for Glucocapparin Determination in Boscia senegalensis Lam Ex. Poir.: A Study of the Variability

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第2期4卷 104-110页

作者： Momar Talla Gueye Dogo Seck Abdoulaye Diallo Danny Trisman Christophe fischer Jean-paul Barthelemy Jean-paul Wathelet Georges Lognay Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Unit Analysis Quality Risks—Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Belgium Institute of Food Technology (ITA) Hann-Dakar Senegal Regional Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (CERES/Locustox) Dakar Senegal University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Unit of General and Organic Chemistry Gembloux Belgique

This study describes a glucocapparin determination method. Based on rapeseed determination of glucosinolate (GSL), the equation of the average straight regression line is Y = 100.42X – 0.03 (R2 = 0.9998). Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucocapparin extracted from leaves and fruits of B. senegalensis, analyzed by SPME-GC-MS confirmed the presence of methylisothiocyanate as the main hydrolysis glucocapparin product. Monitoring glucocapparin contents in B. senegalensis leaves and fruits collected in 4 localities in Senegal showed differences between organs according localities and periods of harvest. Glucocapparin content was very high in dry season particularly in January and the lowest rates were recorded during the rainy period between August and November.

关键词： Boscia Senegalensis Validation Method Glucocapparin Monitoring Senegal

Moisture,Water Holding,Drying and Wetting in Forest Soils

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第5期4卷 174-184页

作者： Pavel Blazka Zofia fischer Faculty of Science University of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Present Address:Ulrychova 23 162 00 Praha 6Czech Department of Applied Ecology John Paul ⅡCatholic University of LublinLublinPoland

Relationship of soil and water is generally considered as important in soil science. To specify it further we studied two different soils in 2012-2013, three additional soils once and made several series of experiments with drying and wetting of the soils. Principal parameters studied were the gravimetric water content (GWC), water holding capacity (WHC), soil organic matter (SOM), their correlations and rates of change in drying or wetting. The three parameters are significantly inter-correlated. Distribution of GWC in the replicates of soils dried both in nature and in experiments was narrower than that in wet soils, while WHC changed less in drying. The correlations (GWC- WHC) became steeper (the slope coefficient higher) and the coefficient of determination (R2) lower. Attempts to increase WHC in wet soils with a high WHC even further were not successful. Drying may be fast or slow;rates of increase of WHC in wetting were all low, both in field and in the experiments, less than 0.1 g (H2O) g-1 (soil)·day-1. None of the three parameters can be considered as fixed characteristics of forest soils.

关键词： Soil-Water Relationships Climate Change Water Holding Capacity

Soil Respiration in the Profiles of Forest Soils in Inland Dunes

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2019年第5期9卷 75-90页

作者： Zofia fischer Lidiya Dubis The Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Landscape Department of Landscape Ecology The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Poland Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Faculty of Geography Lviv Ukraine

Forest soil profiles of two dunes within the European belt of inland dunes were analysed in the laboratory. We carried out respirometric measurements of carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption for every horizon of the studied soils while simultaneously quantifying the organic matter and humidity. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion decreased exponentially with depth. The oxygen consumption decrease was less rapid than the decrease in carbon dioxide production. We found a statistical significant linear dependence between oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion, and organic matter content and soil water capacity. Respiration processes in the profiles were divided into two strata;oxygen respiration dominated in the first and fermentation processes in the second. We estimated total respiration in the studied profiles for an area of 1 m2 down to around 1 m depth. We concluded that when assessing the soil’s role in carbon cycling in an ecosystem, it is necessary to consider both the respiratory and fermentation strata, as both produce large quantities of carbon dioxide. The main factor determining carbon dioxide production intensity is organic matter content;thus the distribution of organic matter in the soil profile determines carbon cycling intensity.

关键词： CO2 RQ Soil Horizons Organic Matter

Soil Respiration in Drying of an Organic Soil

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第9期5卷 181-192页

作者： Zofia fischer Pavel Blazka Department of Biotechnology and Environment John PaulⅡCatholic University of LublinLublinPoland Department of Science University of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech

Drying of soil was linearly related to time, soil volume decreased and ratio of air within the soils increased. Respiration was related with decreasing humidity, storage of CO2 in soil water results in RQ < 0.5 in the larger soil items at least for a while. Rate of drying decreased in the second part of the process. RQ increased as the CO2 stored was aerated when its solvent-water evaporated and access of air into the soil increased;eventually RQ = 1.0 in the last days of the experiment. Respiration of the experimental soil stopped when GWC reached 0.15. ΣRQ for the whole process is about 0.7, a bit higher in experiments with less soil suggesting less anoxia.

关键词： RQ Anoxia Storage of CO_(2) Changes of Soil Volume

Respiration Rates of Organic Soil Depending on Changes of Moisture and Aeration

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第6期7卷 101-110页

作者： Zofia fischer Pavel Blazka Lidya Dubis Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Landscape ArchitectureJohn Paul ⅡCatholic University of LublinLublinPoland Department of Science University of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech

This paper aims at analyzing changes in soil respiration depending on the levels of soil moisture and aeration. Organic forest soil was used in the experiments. Watering of the soil was applied starting from two initial moisture contents: 1) GWC > 0.1, desiccated soil, respiration equals to zero;2) GWC between 0.46 - 0.78, moisture of the soil approximately the same as at the time of sample collection. Watering of the soil was applied once or continuously during the experiment. The experiments were conducted under both: unrestricted air-supply and anoxic conditions. Measurements of: oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide emission, and RQ were determined with a volumetric respirometer. Soil desiccation, which occurs under good access of the air, and leads to the increase of respiration rate (the “Birch effect”), is predominantly related to aerobic respiration following the change in soil aeration. If respiration of non-desiccated soil is assumed as 100%, the oxygen consumption of desiccated soil equaled to 209.90% of such value in the non-desiccated soil at the lowest moisture level, and only to 51% at the highest. Carbon dioxide emission equaled to 191.92% and 111% at the lowest and the highest moisture levels, respectively. Desiccation did not increase the respiration rate under anoxic conditions. It either decreased or remained statistically unchanged. However, obtained values of RQ index suggest that under anoxic conditions desiccation affects fermentation processes in the soil. The value of RQ index at the moisture level lower than GWC 1 was very low attaining merely 0.3 - 0.4, which suggests active fermentation processes. At higher moisture content yet, RQ value exceeded 2.

关键词： Birch Effect Anoxia RQ Watering