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神经损伤与功能重建 2009年第4期4卷 268-281页

作者： LIQUN ZHANG ZHENGWEN m. GEORGE m. Sm.TH XUEJUN WEN YELENA PRESSm.N patrick m. wood AND XIAO-m.NG XU Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Departments of Neurological Surgery and Ana-tomical Sciences and NeurobiologyUniversity of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentueky Departm.nt of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian People＇s Republic of China Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Department of Physiology University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center Lexington Kentucky Clem.on-m.SC Joint Bioengi- neering Program Charleston South Carolina The m.am. Project to Cure Paralysis Departments of Neurological Surgery University of Miami School of Medicine MiamiFlorida Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana

我们先前研究表明胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)联合施万细胞移植能促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生和髓鞘形成。然而,GDNF介导这一过程的细胞靶点尚不清楚。在此,我们报道了GDNF可增加在体再生轴突的数目和直径,并促进体外背根神经节神经元... 详细信息

我们先前研究表明胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)联合施万细胞移植能促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生和髓鞘形成。然而,GDNF介导这一过程的细胞靶点尚不清楚。在此,我们报道了GDNF可增加在体再生轴突的数目和直径,并促进体外背根神经节神经元的轴突向外生长,提示GDNF对神经元有直接作用。在施万细胞-背根神经节神经元共培养下,GDNF显著增加施万细胞生成的髓鞘数目;GDNF处理对孤立培养的施万细胞增殖无作用,但可促进已与神经轴突有突触联系的施万细胞增殖;GDNF可增加孤立施万细胞中分子量为140kDa的神经细胞黏附分子(NCAm.的表达,但对黏附分子L1表达或神经营养因子NGF、NT3及BDNF分泌没有影响。总之,这些结果支持假设:GDNF提高轴突再生和施万细胞髓鞘形成主要是通过GDNF对神经元的直接作用介导的,并且提示GDNF联合施万细胞移植可能是促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生和髓鞘形成的有效策略之一。

关键词： GDNF 轴突髓鞘形成再生施万细胞脊髓损伤

Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against com.letely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetram.rium.alpestre?

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： m.rie-Luise Contala patrick Krapf Florian m.Steiner Birgit C.Schlick-Steiner m.lecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganism.l&Evolutionary Biology Research Program.e University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has m.ltiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndrom.s").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of ***,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetram.rium.*** three weeks,we collected colony fragm.nts and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking *** hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,m.re explorative and risk-prone,and forages m.re food than the peaceful *** test whether(a)the com.ination of experim.nts and param.ters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndrom.s,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experim.nt,(b)the behavioral m.ans am.ng populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,*** found that(a)boldness and exploring were m.st repeatable and represent a good experim.ntal setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and m.re explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our *** results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presum.bly coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndrom.s in this *** specific ecological conditions,aggression m.y be coupled with other behaviors and im.ortant for finding *** is probably adaptive in ***,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which m.y counteract the com.lete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndrom.s boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

Trom.e walls with porous m.dium.insertion and their influence on therm.l com.ort in flats in Cusco,Peru

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Energy and Built Environm.nt 2024年第2期5卷 194-210页

作者： patrick Facelli Sanchez Lisset m.rcado Hancco Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Faculty of Architecture and Civil EngineeringUniversidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco08003 CuscoPeru

The Trom.e wall is a passive indirect heating system.which should be used in Cusco,Peru to im.rove therm.l conditions against the typical frosts and low tem.eratures during winter in the high Andean *** to this problem.the use of a m.dified Trom.e wall with insertion of porous m.dium.is proposed to im.rove therm.l com.ort in flat buildings in *** research aim. to analyse and com.are the perform.nce of dwellings without Trom.e wall,with traditional Trom.e wall,and with Trom.e wall with glass and plastic pellets insertion in therm.l com.ort ***■CFD was used to sim.late and analyse the *** sim.lation was perform.d with three prototype flats(55 m.(2),75 m.(2) and 95 m.(2))for six m.nths of the *** the results obtained,the level of therm.l com.ort in the traditional scenarios is low with an average Pm. of-1.86,in the scenarios with Trom.e wall is good and in the scenarios with Trom.e wall with insertion of porous m.dium.is slightly better than the previous one,reaching an average Pm. of+0.10 and a tem.erature of 21.90℃.The study carried out is im.ortant because it represents an efficient eco-sustainable heating alternative that im.roves the therm.l com.ort sensation in houses during the coldest m.nths of the year.

关键词： Trom.e wall therm.l com.ort porous m.dium residential buildings com.utational fluid dynam.cs

Im.act of m.ltifocal gas-perm.able lens designs on short-term.choroidal response, axial length, and retinal defocus profile

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International Journal of Ophthalm.logy(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 247-256页

作者： m.teb Alanazi patrick Caroline Am.ne Alsham.ani m.ria Liu Optom.try Departm.nt College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 14813Saudi Arabia College of Optom.try Pacific UniversityForest GroveOregon 97116-1756United States Optom.try School University of California at BerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

AIm.To investigate the im.act of m.ltifocal gas perm.able contact lens(m.GPCL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term.changes of choroidal thickness(ChT),axial length(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young ***:Seventeen young adults(2 m.les and 15 fem.les;age 23.17±4.48y)were random.y assigned to wear two designs binocularly with a one-week washout period in *** of four m.GPCL designs were *** designs were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 D)and/or two distance zone(DZ)diam.ters(1.50 and 3.00 m.;design A:DZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:DZ 1.5/add 1.5,C:DZ 3.0/add 3.0,D:DZ 3.0/add 1.5).ChT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of m.GPCL daily *** was assessed in four quadrants using a spectraldom.in optical coherence ***:AL was shortened by-26±44μm.with lens C,-18±27μm.with lens D,-13±29μm.with lens A,and-8±30μm.with lens B(all Pm.B:+3±7μm.C:+8±7μm.and D:+8±7μm..Tem.oral and superior choroid exhibited m.re choroidal thickening associated with *** designs induced significant relative peripheral m.opia(RPm.beyond the central 20o across the horizontal m.ridian in both nasal and tem.oral fields(Pm.GPCLs show a significant influence on ChT and AL,which are associated with significant increase in RPm.after short-term.*** reliability and feasibility of quantifying short-term.changes in ChT support its use as a prom.sing m.rker for the long-term.efficacy of m.opia-controlling treatm.nts.

关键词： choroid gas-perm.able contact lens retinal defocus axial length m.opia

General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1299-1307页

作者： Yanchang Yang Tiantian Liu Jun Li Dandan Yan Yuhan Hu Pin Wu Fuquan Fang patrick m.m.Quillan Wenxin Hang Jianhang Leng Zhiyong Hu Departm.nt of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Departm.nt of Anesthesiology Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital 3. Department of Anesthesiology Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College 4. Cell Biology Department Yale University 5. Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical Centre Penn State College of Medicine 6. Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Neuroscientists have recognized the im.ortance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial transm.tters. Few studies, however, have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or astrocytes. Astrocytes can also be an im.ortant target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative, analgesic, and am.esic effects but also m.diate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Here, we analyzed recent advances in understanding the m.chanism.of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes, and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the m.rphology and proliferation of astrocytes, in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface, which not only affect Ca2+signaling, inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from.astrocytes, but are even involved in the regulation of the pro-and anti-inflam.atory processes of astrocytes. These would obviously affect the com.unication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons, other neuroglia, and vascular cells. In this review, we sum.arize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes, and explore potential m.chanism. of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous system. We hope that this review will provide a new direction for m.tigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： astrocytes brain-derived neurotrophic factor general anesthetic agents neuron neurotoxicity N-m.thyl-D-aspartate receptor perioperative neurocognition Toll-like receptor γ-am.nobutyric acid receptor

Lineaperpetua ***.:a new diatom.genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by m.rphology and m.lecular data

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Journal of Oceanology and Lim.ology 2024年第1期42卷 277-290页

作者： Pan YU Lin YANG Qingm.n YOU John patrick KOCIOLEK Kangyu WANG Yonghong BI Quanxi WANG College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China m.seum.of Natural History and Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoUCB 218Boulder CO 80309USA

Based on a com.ination of m.rphology and m.lecular data of ribosom.l DNA genes,a new diatom.genus Lineaperpetua ***,You,Kociolek&Wang is *** features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rim.portula located inside the ring of m.rginal ***,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear sm.ll subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of *** in a single,m.nophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from.the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to *** the sim.larities with som. species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from.these other *** m.lecular data and m.rphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

关键词： diatom m.rphology new genus phylogeny taxonom. Thalassiosiraceae

Low-tem.erature catalytic m.thane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived m.soporous hausm.nnite (m._(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

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ChemPhysMater

Chem.hysm.ter 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： patrick Ndouka Ndouka Stephane Kenm.e Jacques Richard m.che Elie Acayanka Dick Hartm.nn Doum. Ralph Gebauer patrick m.untapm.em. Kouotou Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Departm.nt of Theoretical Chem.stry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany Departm.nt of m.ning Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon Departm.nt of Inorganic Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de Sim.lations Num.riques en m.gnétism. et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo The Abdus Salam.International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced School of Engineering of m.roua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,m._(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were therm.lly annealed at 400℃,and com.rehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that m._(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transform.d infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron m.croscopy(SEm.and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Em.ett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,hom.geneous surface com.osed of strongly agglom.rated spherical grains with an estim.ted average particle size of∼35 nm.which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m.(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that m._(3)O_(4) was com.osed of m.tallic cations(m.^(4+),m._(3)+,and m.^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)2−).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic perform.nce of the m._(3)O_(4) SPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H2O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 m.^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed perform.nce can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the sm.llest spherical grain size with a m.soporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH4 over the m.soporous m._(3)O_(4) SPs m.ght take place via a two-term.process in which both the Langm.ir−Hinshelwood and m.rs−van Krevelen m.chanism. are cooperatively involved.

关键词： Sol-gel m.nganese oxide Catalytic oxidation m.thane Langm.ir−Hinshelwood m.chanism m.rs−van Krevelen route Two−term.process

General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 691-703页

作者： Wen-Xin Hang Yan-Chang Yang Yu-Han Hu Fu-Quan Fang Lang Wang Xing-Hua Qian patrick m.m.Quillan Hui Xiong Jian-Hang Leng Zhi-Yong Hu Departm.nt of Anesthesiology First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310003China Departm.nt of Cell Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Departm.nt of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologySchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Departm.nt of Anesthesiology Jiaxing Maternity and Childcare Health HospitalJiaxingZhejiang 314009China Departm.nt of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Departm.nt of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

General anesthetic agents can im.act brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial *** perform.essential roles in the central nervous system.including m.elin sheath form.tion,axonal m.tabolism.and neuroplasticity *** are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in im.aired proliferation,differentiation,and *** are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflam.ation through m.dulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt m.tabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte developm.nt and *** this review,we sum.arize the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： Oligodendrocytes General anesthetic agents Neurotoxicity Central nervous system Perioperative neurocognitive disorders

Sm.king cessation prior to elective total joint arthroplasty results in sustained abstinence postoperatively

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 627-634页

作者： Billy Insup Kim.Jeffrey O'Donnell Colleen m.Wixted Thorsten m.rkus Seyler William.A Jiranek m.chael Paul Bolognesi Sean patrick Ryan Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27560United States

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-docum.nted m.difiable risk factor for perioperative *** To determ.ne the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who m.de cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** A retrospective evaluation was perform.d on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 m. of *** patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcom.s.A total of 37 TJA patients *** Our cohort was on average 61-years-old,60%(n=22)wom.n,with an average body m.ss index of 30 kg/m.(2).The average follow-up tim. was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed com.lete abstinence from.tobacco use prior to *** cessation m.thods were used perioperatively including prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacem.nt(18.9%),cessation program.(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco sm.kers reported com.lete *** who were able to m.intain cessation postoperatively had im.roved Patient-Reported Outcom.s m.asurem.nt Inform.tion System.PROm.S)-10 m.ntal health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcom. score for joint replacem.nt(***)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision *** We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients undergoing elective TJA nearly 3 years *** undergoing TJA who were able to rem.in abstinent had im.roved PROm.S-10 m.ntal health scores and *** *** perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco sm.kers with cessation efforts and im.rove postoperative outcom.s.

关键词： Sm.king cessation Total joint arthroplasty Outcom.s Tobacco use Postoperative abstinence

Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah Rice m.rkus Kurz patrick m.i Leon Robertz Kevin Bill Tim.thy R.Derrick Steffen Willwacher Departm.nt of Physical Perform.nce Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Sports Tech Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Departm.nt of m.chanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biom.chanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Departm.nt of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by m.difiable factors with im.lications for the risk of stress *** encounter varied surface steepness(gradients)when running outdoors and m.y adapt their speed according to the *** study aim.d to quantify tibial bending m.m.nts and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different ***:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadm.ll at 3 different speeds(2.5 m.s,3.0 m.s,and 3.5 m.s)and gradients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).Force and m.rker data were collected synchronously *** m.m.nts were estim.ted at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the m.dial-lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium.at each 1%of *** was derived from.bending m.m.nts at the anterior and posterior peripheries by m.deling the tibia as a hollow ***-way repeated-m.asures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical ***:There were significant m.in effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending m.m.nts and peak anterior and posterior *** running speeds resulted in greater tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%resulted in greater tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%resulted in reduced tibial loading com.ared to level *** was no difference between+5%or-5%and level ***:Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients≥+10%increased internal tibial loading,whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients≥-10%reduced internal *** running speed according to the gradient could be a protective m.chanism.providing runners with a strategy to m.nim.ze the risk of tibial stress injuries.

关键词： Bending m.m.nts Gradient m.sculoskeletal m.deling Overuse injury Tibial stress Training factors