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Elevated CO_(2) increases soil redox potential by promoting root radial oxygen loss in paddy field

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 11-20页

作者： Jie Li Han Zhang Wenyi Xie Cheng Liu Xiaoyu Liu Xuhui Zhang Lianqing Li genxing pan Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Soil redox potential(Eh)plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrients.Whereas its effect soil process and nutrients'availability under elevated atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and warming has seldom been investigated.Thus,in this study,a field experiment was used to elucidate the effect of elevated CO_(2) concentration and warming on soil Eh,redox-sensitive elements and root radial oxygen loss(ROL).We hypothesized elevated CO_(2) and warming could alter soil Eh by promoting or inhibiting ROL.We found that soil Eh in the rhizosphere was significantly higher than that of non-rhizosphere.Elevated CO_(2) enhanced soil Eh by 11.5%,which corresponded to a significant decrease in soil Fe^(2+)and Mn^(2+)concentration.Under elevated CO_(2),the concentration of Fe^(2+)and Mn^(2+)decreased by 14.7%and 13.7%,respectively.We also found that elevated CO_(2) altered rice root aerenchyma structure and promoted rice root ROL.Under elevated CO_(2),rice root ROL increased by 79.5%and 112.2%for Yangdao 6 and Changyou 5,respectively.Warming had no effect on soil Eh and rice root ROL.While warming increased the concentration of Mn^(2+)and SO_(4)^(2-)by 4.9%and 19.3%,respectively.There was a significant interaction between elevated CO_(2) and warming on Fe^(2+)and Mn^(2+).Under elevated CO_(2),warming had no effect on the concentration of Fe^(2+)but decreased Mn^(2+)concentration significantly.Our study demonstrated that elevated atmospheric CO_(2) in the future could increase soil Eh by promoting rice root ROL,which will alter some soil nutrients'availability,such as Fe^(2+)and Mn^(2+).

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2)enrichment Global warming Soil redox potential FACE Rice root aerenchyma

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Land-use induced changes in topsoil organic carbon stock of paddy fields using MODIS and TM/ETM analysis:A case study of Wujiang County,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第7期20卷 852-858页

作者： GAO, Jianfeng pan, genxing JIANG, Xiaosan pan, Jianjun ZHUANG, Dafang Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Topsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) that plays an important role in mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) buildup is greatly affected by human activities.To evaluate the influence of land-use changes on SOC stocks in paddy soils,a new algorithm was developed by integrating MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectral-radiometer) and TM/ETM data for timely monitoring the land-use change in Wujiang County.Thereafter,the land-use class-maps derived from MODIS and TM/ETM analyses were further used to estima...

关键词： soil organic carbon （SOC） MODIS TM/ETM rice paddies land-use soil C sequestration

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Organic carbon stratification and size distribution of three typical paddy soils from Taihu Lake region,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期20卷 456-463页

作者： pan genxing WU Laosheng LI Lianqing ZHANG Xuhui GONG Wei WOOD Yvonne Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Department of Environmental Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Developing realistic soil carbon （C） sequestration strategies for China＇s sustainable agriculture relies on accurate estimates of the amount, retention and turnover rates of C stored in paddy soils. Available C estimates to date are predominantly for the tilled and flood-irrigated surface topsoil （ca. 30 cm）. Such estimates cannot be used to extrapolate to soil depths of 100 cm since soil organic carbon （SOC） generally shows a sharp decrease with depth. In this research, composite soil samples were collected at several depths to 100 cm from three representative paddy soils in the Taihu Lake region, China. Soil organic carbon distribution in the profiles and in aggregate-size fractions was determined. Results showed that while SOC decreased exponentially with depth to 100 cm, a substantial proportion of the total SOC （30%-40%） is stored below the 30 cm depth. In the carbon-enriched paddy topsoils, SOC was found to accumulate preferentially in the 2-0.25 and 0.25-0.02 mm aggregate size fractions. δ^13C analysis of the coarse micro-aggregate fraction showed that the high degree of C stratification in the paddy topsoil was in agreement with the occurrence of lighter δ^1313C in the upper 30 cm depth. These results suggest that SOC stratification within profiles varies with different pedogenetical types of paddy soils with regards to clay and iron oxyhydrates distributions. Sand-sized fractions of aggregates in paddy soil systems may play a very important role in carbon sequestration and turnover, dissimilar to other studied agricultural systems.

关键词： profile stratification organic carbon paddy soils size fractions soil aggregates carbon storage

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Changes in cropland topsoil organic carbon with different fertilizations under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments across China's Mainland

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 858-867页

作者： WANG ChengJi pan genxing TIAN YouGuo LI LianQing ZHANG XuHui HAN XiaoJun Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Center of Soil and Fertilizer Quality Monitoring and Test Agricultural Ministry of ChinaBeijing 100026China

Topsoil soil organic carbon(SOC) data were collected from long-term Chinese agro-ecosystem experiments presented in 76 reports with measurements over 1977 and 2006.The data set comprised 481 observations(135 rice paddies and 346 dry croplands) of SOC under different fertilization schemes at 70 experimental sites(28 rice paddies and 42 dry croplands).The data set covered 16 dominant soil types found in croplands across 23 provinces of China's Mainland.The fertilization schemes were grouped into six categories:N(inorganic nitrogen fertilizer only),NP(compound inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers),NPK(compound inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers),O(organic fertilizers only),OF(combined inorganic/organic fertilization) and Others(other unbalanced fertilizations such as P only,K only,P plus K and N plus K).Relative change in SOC content was analyzed,and rice paddies and dry croplands soils were compared.There was an overall temporal increase in topsoil SOC content,and relative annual change(RAC,g kg-1 yr-1) ranged -0.14-0.60(0.13 on average) for dry cropland soils and -0.12-0.70(0.19 on average) for rice paddies.SOC content increase was higher in rice paddies than in dry croplands.SOC increased across experimental sites,but was higher under organic fertilization and combined organic/inorganic fertilizations than chemical fertilizations.SOC increase was higher under balanced chemical fertilizations with compound N,P and K fertilizers than unbalanced fertilizations such as N only,N plus P,and N plus K.The effects of specific rational fertilizations on SOC increase persisted for 15 years in dry croplands and 20 years in rice paddies,although RAC values decreased generally as the experiment duration increased.Therefore,the extension of rational fertilization in China's croplands may offer a technical option to enhance C sequestration potential and to sustain long-term crop productivity.

关键词： long-term agro-ecosystem experiments fertilization croplands soil organic carbon carbon sequestration cross site analysis

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Effects of acetylene at low concentrations on nitrification, mineralization and microbial biomass nitrogen concentrations in forest soils

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第2期54卷 296-303页

作者： ZHANG TengYu XU XingKai LUO XianBao HAN Lin WANG YingHong pan genxing State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Temperate forest surface soils at the varying distances from main trunks (e.g., Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica) were used to study the effects of acetylene (C2H2) at low concentrations on nitrification, mineralization and microbial biomass N concentrations of the soils, and to assess the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils. The use of acetylene at partial pressures within a range from 10 to 100 Pa C2H2 in headspace gas gave a significant decrease in N2O emission at soil moisture of c. 45% water-filled porosity space, and the decrease was almost the same in each soil after exposure of C2H2 at low concentrations. Heterotrophic nitrification could account for 21%―48% of total N2O emission from each soil; the contribution would increase with increasing distances from the Pinus koraiensis trunks rather than from the Quercus mongolica trunks. Under the experimental conditions, the use of C2H2 at low concentrations showed no significant influ- ence on soil microbial biomass N, net N mineralization and microbial respiration. However, 100 Pa C2H2 in headspace gas could reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soils. According to the rapid consumption of 10 Pa C2H2 by forest soils and convenience for laboratory incubations, 50 Pa C2H2 in headspace gas can be used to study the origin of N2O emissions from forest soils under aerobic con- ditions and the key associated driving mechanisms. The N2O and CO2 emissions from the soils at the same distances from the Quercus mongolica trunks were larger than those from the Pinus koraiensis trunks, and both emissions decreased as the distances from trunks increased. The stepwise regression analysis showed that 95% of the variability in soil CO2 emissions could be accounted for by the concentrations of soil total C and water soluble organic C and soil pH, and that 72% of the variability in soil N2O emissions could be accounted for by the concentrations of soil total N, exchangeable NH+4-N and microbial biomass N and 25% of t

关键词：氮化合森林土壤微生物周转基

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Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 703-712页

作者： YAO Chunxue Stephen JOSEPH LI Lianqing pan genxing Yun LIN Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales New South Wales Department of Primary Industries School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation University of New South Wales

Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly(P < 0.05) increased the yield of green pepper(11.33–11.47 t ha-1), compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser(9.72 t ha-1). The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly(P < 0.05) reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper.

关键词：作物产量生物肥料辣椒质量土壤养分流失温室气体排放量开发常规化肥

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Green manure rotation and application increase rice yield and soil carbon in the Yangtze River valley of China

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Pedosphere 2023年第4期33卷 589-599页

作者： Qian YUE Jianfei SUN Jonathan HILLIER Jing SHENG Zhi GUO Puping ZHU Kun CHENG genxing pan Yunpeng LI Xin WANG Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014(China) Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing 210042(China) Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security The Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothian EH259RG(UK) Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China)

The addition of organic matter via green manure rotation with rice is considered a smart agricultural practice to maintain soil productivity and support environmental sustainability.However,few studies have quantitatively assessed the impact of green manure rotation and application on the interactions between agronomic management practice,soil fertility,and crop production.In this study,800 pairs of data from 108 studies conducted in the agricultural region of the Yangtze River,China were assessed,and random forest(RF)modeling was performed to evaluate the effect of green manure rotation and application on rice yield and soil properties.Compared to a winter fallow system,rotation and application of green manure significantly increased rice yield and soil organic carbon(SOC)by 8.1%and 8.4%,respectively.According to the RF models,rice type,green manure application rate and duration,mineral and organic nitrogen application rates,and initial SOC content and soil pH were identified as the main drivers for rice yield and SOC changes.Marginal benefit analysis revealed that green manure application rates for early rice in double cropping system and the rice in single cropping system were approximately 20 and 26 t ha-1(fresh weight),respectively.Further,the optimum green manure application rate was approximately 25 t ha-1(fresh weight)for carbon sequestration.However,it should be noted that green manure application to soils with high SOC level might result in the soils becoming a net carbon source.Our study contributed scientific and quantitative indicators for achieving the greatest benefits in rice yield and increasing SOC upon application of green manure.

关键词： carbon sequestration crop production random forest model soil fertility soil organic carbon

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Mechanism and kinetics of aluminum dissolution during copper sorption by acidity paddy soil in South China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 100-106页

作者： Peiya Liu Yujiao Li Qinliang Wen Changxun Dong genxing pan College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University

Soil aggregates were prepared from a bulk soil collected from paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region and aluminum（Al） dissolution, solution p H changes during copper（Cu2＋） sorption were investigated with static sorption and magnetic stirring. Kinetics of Cu2＋sorption and Al dissolution were also studied by magnetic stirring method. No Al dissolution was observed until Cu2＋sorption was greater than a certain value, which was 632, 450, 601 and674 mg/kg for sand, clay, silt, and coarse silt fractions, respectively. Aluminum dissolution increased with increasing Cu2＋sorption and decreasing solution p H. An amount of dissolved Al showed a significant positive correlation with non-specific sorption of Cu2＋（R2〉 0.97）, and it was still good under different p H values（R2〉 0.95）. Copper sorption significantly decreased solution p H. The magnitude of solution p H decline increased as Cu2＋sorption and Al dissolution increased. The sand and clay fraction had a less Al dissolution and p H drop due to the higher ferric oxide, Al oxide and organic matter contents. After sorption reaction for half an hour, the Cu2＋sorption progress reached more than 90% while the Al dissolution progress was only 40%, and lagged behind the Cu2＋sorption. It indicated that aluminum dissolution is associated with non-specific sorption.

关键词： Aggregate Cu2＋ sorption Aluminum dissolution pH

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Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 666-679页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON David R.G.MITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Joshua RUST Scott DONNE Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN pan genxing LI Lianqing Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Electron Microscopy Center AIIMUniversity of Wollongong Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University Marron Brook Farm Warren Catchments Council 52 Bath StManjimup 6258 (Australia) Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Institute of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research Organization Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South Wales Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087)The University of Western Australia

Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon(C), but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soil profile by dung beetles.We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow's gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows.

关键词：土壤肥力生物炭农业生产率创新喂牛土壤性质新鲜粪便生物利用

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Inaugural editorial:Soil Science and Environment

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Soil Science and Environment 2022年第1期1卷 1-2页

作者： Qirong Shen genxing pan Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WasteEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityWeigangNanjing 210095PR China Department of Soil Science Nanjing Agricultural UniversityWeigangNanjing 210095PR China

Soils are the key foundation of Earth's sustainability that drives biogeochemical cycling of nutrients,provides ecosystem functions and services including carbon sequestration,water retention and purification,toxic metal/organic pollutants immobilization and biodiversity conservation as well as landscape stabilization(Lehmann et al,2020).Soils protect physical habitats and provide biodiversity of underground biota also conditioning the physical environment for beautification of the landscape.Thus,the health of soil and environment is closely linked to One Health of global lives(Banerjee&van der Heijden,2022).Over the last decades,global soils have been at risk due to extensive soil degradation,along with climate change,biodiversity loss and environmental pollution(IPBES,2019).

关键词： soil cycling underground

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