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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDS/IpS for Securing Cloud Environment

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen banu A S.K.b.Sangeetha Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable prevention Module(XpM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets CICIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-KDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell biology(IbMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

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Federated Learning’s Role in Next-Gen TV Ad Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 675-712页

作者： Gabriela Dobrita Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela bâra Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010374Romania

In the rapidly evolving landscape of television advertising,optimizing ad schedules to maximize viewer engagement and revenue has become *** methods often operate in silos,limiting the potential insights gained from broader data analysis due to concerns over privacy and data *** article introduces a novel approach that leverages Federated Learning(FL)to enhance TV ad schedule optimization,combining the strengths of local optimization techniques with the power of global Machine Learning(ML)models to uncover actionable insights without compromising data *** combines linear programming for initial ads scheduling optimization with ML—specifically,a K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)model—for predicting ad spot *** into account the diversity and the difficulty of the ad-scheduling problem,we propose a prescriptivepredictive approach in which first the position of the ads is optimized(using Google’s OR-Tools Cp-SAT)and then the scheduled position of all ads will be the result of the optimization ***,this output becomes the target of a predictive task that predicts the position of new entries based on their characteristics ensuring the implementation of the scheduling at large scale(using KNN,Light Gradient boosting Machine and Random Forest).Furthermore,we explore the integration of FL to enhance predictive accuracy and strategic insight across different broadcasting networks while preserving data *** FL approach resulted in 8750 ads being precisely matched to their optimal category placements,showcasing an alignment with the intended diversity ***,there was a minimal deviation observed,with 1133 ads positioned within a one-category variance from their ideal placement in the original dataset.

关键词： Ad scheduling prescriptive-predictive approach federated learning KNN

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Unlocking hypoglycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siva S.V.p.Sakamuri Anil Sakamuri Department of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA Vascular biology Center and Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： impaired intake critical

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photoproduction of multi-meson final states–recent results from the Crystal-barrel/TApS experiment at ELSA-

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Chinese physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1105-1112页

作者： U. thoma HISKp Universitt Bonn Nussallee 14-16 53115 Bonn Germany

Multi-meson final states such as γp →pπ0π0 and γp →pπ0η have been investigated with the Crystal-barrel/TApS experiment at ELSA. baryon cascades via △π and △η and also via higher mass baryon resonances are clearly observed. based on this data and on data from other reactions a partial wave analysis has been performed from which partial decay widths of various N＊ and △＊ states into the different pπ0π0 and pπ0η decay channels have been determined, leading partly to unexpected results. In addition, polarisation observables have been investigated. The beam asymmetry X has been determined for both reactions and double polarisation data using a longitudinally polarised target and a circularly or linearly polarised photon beam has been taken. Given the angular coverage of the Crystal-baxrel/TApS experiment this data covers almost the full angular range and phase space. This data will provide new and important information for the partial wave analyses and bring us one step closer towards a complete experiment.

关键词： baryon spectroscopy photoproduction multi-meson final states polarisation observables

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Small molecule inhibitor DDQ-treated hippocampal neuronal cells show improved neurite outgrowth and synaptic branching

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2624-2632页

作者： Jangampalli Adi pradeepkiran priyanka Rawat Arubala p.Reddy Erika Orlov pHemachandra Reddy Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of Nutritional Sciences College of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Department of pharmacology&Neuroscience Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of Neurology Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of Speech Language and Hearing SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of public Health Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA

The process of neurite outgrowth and branching is a crucial aspect of neuronal development and *** and dendrites,sometimes referred to as neurites,are extensions of a neuron's cellular body that are used to start *** we explored the effects of diethyl(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylphosphonate(DDQ)on neurite developmental features in HT22 neuronal *** this work,we examined the protective effects of DDQ on neuronal processes and synaptic outgrowth in differentiated HT22cells expressing mutant Tau(mTau)*** investigate DDQ chara cteristics,cell viability,biochemical,molecular,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were *** outgrowth is evaluated through the segmentation and measurement of neural *** neural processes can be seen and measured with a fluorescence microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neurite *** neuronal processes can be observed and quantified with a fluorescent microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neuronal ***-treated mTau-HT22 cells(HT22 cells transfected with cDNA mutant Tau)were seen to display increased levels of synaptophysin,MAp-2,andβ-***,we confirmed and noted reduced levels of both total and p-Tau,as well as elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein 2,β-tubulin,synaptophysin,vesicular acetylcholine transporter,and the mitochondrial biogenesis protein-pe roxisome prolife rator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α.In mTa u-expressed HT22 neurons,we observed DDQ enhanced the neurite characteristics and improved neurite development through increased synaptic *** findings conclude that mTa u-HT22(Alzheimer's disease)cells treated with DDQ have functional neurite developmental chara *** key finding is that,in mTa u-HT22 cells,DDQ preserves neuronal structure and may even enhance nerve development function with mTa u inhibition.

关键词： diethyl(3 4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylphosphonate(DDQ) hippocampal neuronal cells HT22 neurite outgrowth neuronal development small molecule

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Adding new dimension to non-directed C（sp3）–H functionalizations

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Konstantin p.bryliakov Laboratory of Selective Oxidation Catalysis N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS

Aliphatic C–H groups are among the most abundant yet least reactive functional groups in organic molecules. Nature has evolved metalloenzymes such as those of the cytochrome p450 superfamily that efficiently activate individual tertiary（3） and secondary （2） C（sp3）–H bonds in complex molecules with the highest level of regio-and stereoselectivity [1], thus encouraging studies aimed at engineering artificial metalloenzymes for synthetic applications [2].

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From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hospital Nacional de parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain Medical Research Unit for Neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatments structural restoration of spinal cord injury

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Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： benjamin R.Helmold Angela Ahrens Zachary Fitzgerald p.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SpAST spastin

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Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase b pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase b(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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