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Subclinical hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection:The concept of“dynamic human reservoir”

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 506-510页

作者： Ananta Shrestha suresh Basnet Sudhamshu KC Department of Hepatology Alka HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States Department of Hepatology National Academy of Medical SciencesKathmandu 44600Nepal

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is hyperendemic in South Asia and Africa accounting for half of total Global HEV *** are eight genotypes of *** them,the four common ones known to infect humans,genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent in the developing world and genotypes 3 and 4 are causing challenge in the industrialized *** HEV viremia in the general population,especially among blood donors,has been reported in the literature *** clinical implications related to this asymptomatic viremia are unclear and need further *** of viremia due to HEV genotype 1 infection,apparently among healthy blood donors is also reported without much knowledge about its infection ***,while HEV genotype 3 is known to be transmitted via blood transfusion in humans and has been subjected to screening in many European nations,instances of transmission have also been documented albeit without significant clinical *** of HEV genotype 1 in endemic areas often show waxing and waning *** sporadic occurrence of HEV infection interrupted by outbreaks have been frequently *** absence of known animal reservoir,where HEV exists in between outbreak is a mystery that needs further ***,occurrence of asymptomatic HEV viremia due to HEV genotype 1 during epidemiologically quiescent period may explain that this phenomenon may act as a dynamic *** HEV genotype 1 infection cannot cause chronicity,subclinical transient infection and transmission of virus might be the reason it sustains in interepidemic *** might be the similar phenomenon with SARS COVID-19 corona virus infection which is circulating worldwide in distinct phases with peaks and plateaus despite vaccination against *** view of existing evidence,we propose the concept of“Dynamic Human Reservoir.”Quiescent subclinical infection of HEV without any clinical consequences and subsequent transmission may contribute to the ex

关键词： Hepatitis E Viral hepatitis Genotype 1 Dynamic human reservoir Subclinical infection

Sim-to-Real: A performance Comparison of ppO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Quadruped Walking Gait Generation

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2024年第2期16卷 23-43页

作者： James W. Mock suresh S. Muknahallipatna Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA

The performance of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement algorithms such as proximal policy Optimization, Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic policy Gradient, and Soft Actor-Critic for generating a quadruped walking gait in a virtual environment was presented in previous research work titled “A Comparison of ppO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcement Algorithms for Quadruped Walking Gait Generation”. We demonstrated that the Soft Actor-Critic Reinforcement algorithm had the best performance generating the walking gait for a quadruped in certain instances of sensor configurations in the virtual environment. In this work, we present the performance analysis of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement algorithms above for quadruped walking gait generation in a physical environment. The performance is determined in the physical environment by transfer learning augmented by real-time reinforcement learning for gait generation on a physical quadruped. The performance is analyzed on a quadruped equipped with a range of sensors such as position tracking using a stereo camera, contact sensing of each of the robot legs through force resistive sensors, and proprioceptive information of the robot body and legs using nine inertial measurement units. The performance comparison is presented using the metrics associated with the walking gait: average forward velocity (m/s), average forward velocity variance, average lateral velocity (m/s), average lateral velocity variance, and quaternion root mean square deviation. The strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm for the given task on the physical quadruped are discussed.

关键词： Reinforcement Learning Reality Gap position Tracking Action Spaces Domain Randomization

Adverse events associated with the gold probe and the injection gold probe devices used for endoscopic hemostasis:A MAUDE database analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第1期16卷 37-43页

作者： Vishnu Charan suresh Kumar Mark Aloysius Ganesh Aswath Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13202United States

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding accounts for over half a million admissions annually and is the most common GI diagnosis requiring hospitalization in the United *** electrocoagulation devices are used for the management of gastrointestinal *** is no data on device-related adverse events for gold probe(Gp)and injection gold probe(IGp).AIM To analyze this using the Food and Drug Administration(FDA’s)Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience(MAUDE)database from 2013 to *** We examined post-marketing surveillance data on Gp and IGp from the FDA MAUDE database to report devicerelated and patient-related adverse events between *** MAUDE database is a publicly available resource providing over 4 million records relating to medical device *** analyses were performed using IBM SpSS Statistics V.27.0(IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,United States).RESULTS Our search elicited 140 reports for Gp and 202 reports for IGp,respec-tively,during the study period from January 2013 to August *** reportedly occurred in 130 cases for Gp,and actual patient injury or event occurred in 10 patients.A total of 149 patients(74%)reported with Injection Gp events suffered no significant consequences due to the device failure,but 53 patients(26%)were affected by an *** Gp and IGp are critical in managing gastrointestinal *** study of the FDA MAUDE database revealed the type,number,and trends of reported device-related adverse *** endoscopist and support staff must be aware of these device-related events and be equipped to manage them if they occur.

关键词： Hemostasis Gastrointestinal bleeding Endoscopy Device failure Bipolar coagulation Cautery Risks

Impact of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists on endoscopy and its preoperative management: Guidelines, challenges, and future directions

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 292-296页

作者： Sahib Singh Vishnu Charan suresh Kumar Ganesh Aswath Department of Internal Medicine Sinai HospitalBaltimoreMD 21215United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13210United States

Glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists(GLp-1RA)are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and,more recently,have garnered attention for their effect-iveness in promoting weight *** have been associated with several gastrointestinal adverse effects,including nausea and *** side effects are presumed to be due to increased residual gastric *** the potential risk of aspiration and based on limited data,the American Society of Anesthesi-ologists updated the guidelines concerning the preoperative management of patients on GLp-1RA in *** included the duration of mandated cessation of GLp-1RA before sedation and usage of“full stomach”precautions if these medications were not appropriately held before the *** has led to additional challenges,such as extended waiting time,higher costs,and increased risk for *** this editorial,we review the current societal guidelines,clinical practice,and future directions regarding the usage of GLp-1RA in patients undergoing an endoscopic procedure.

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists Endoscopy Adverse events Intubation Aspiration Semaglutide Healthcare burden Guidelines

The Effect of Reaction Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Alcohol Ratio in the production of Biodiesel from Raw and purified Castor Oil

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2024年第3期14卷 137-154页

作者： Sandile Brendon Masango peterson Thokozani Ngema Olusegun Ayodeji Olagunju suresh Ramsuroop Department of Chemical Engineering Durban University of Technology Green Engineering Group-Chemical Thermodynamics Steve Biko Campus Durban South Africa Department of Chemical Engineering Cape Peninsula University of Technology Cape Town South Africa

In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw and refined castor oil was compared. The transesterification technique was utilized in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of different parameters, which include the reaction temperature, methanol-to-oil mole ratio, and catalyst concentration at a constant period of 90 minutes. The result revealed the performance of the KOH catalyst on raw castor oil yielded 98.49% FAME, which was higher than the refined castor oil which yielded 97.9% FAME. The optimal conditions obtained from refined castor oil were applied to raw castor oil because of the same properties. The fuel quality of castor oil and produced biodiesel were tested for physicochemical properties.

关键词： Biodiesel Fuel Raw Castor Oil Refined Castor Oil Transesterification process

Optimized CUDA Implementation to Improve the performance of Bundle Adjustment Algorithm on GpUs

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第4期17卷 172-201页

作者： pranay R. Kommera suresh S. Muknahallipatna John E. McInroy Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA

The 3D reconstruction pipeline uses the Bundle Adjustment algorithm to refine the camera and point parameters. The Bundle Adjustment algorithm is a compute-intensive algorithm, and many researchers have improved its performance by implementing the algorithm on GpUs. In the previous research work, “Improving Accuracy and Computational Burden of Bundle Adjustment Algorithm using GpUs,” the authors demonstrated first the Bundle Adjustment algorithmic performance improvement by reducing the mean square error using an additional radial distorting parameter and explicitly computed analytical derivatives and reducing the computational burden of the Bundle Adjustment algorithm using GpUs. The naïve implementation of the CUDA code, a speedup of 10× for the largest dataset of 13,678 cameras, 4,455,747 points, and 28,975,571 projections was achieved. In this paper, we present the optimization of the Bundle Adjustment algorithm CUDA code on GpUs to achieve higher speedup. We propose a new data memory layout for the parameters in the Bundle Adjustment algorithm, resulting in contiguous memory access. We demonstrate that it improves the memory throughput on the GpUs, thereby improving the overall performance. We also demonstrate an increase in the computational throughput of the algorithm by optimizing the CUDA kernels to utilize the GpU resources effectively. A comparative performance study of explicitly computing an algorithm parameter versus using the Jacobians instead is presented. In the previous work, the Bundle Adjustment algorithm failed to converge for certain datasets due to several block matrices of the cameras in the augmented normal equation, resulting in rank-deficient matrices. In this work, we identify the cameras that cause rank-deficient matrices and preprocess the datasets to ensure the convergence of the BA algorithm. Our optimized CUDA implementation achieves convergence of the Bundle Adjustment algorithm in around 22 seconds for the largest dataset compared

关键词： Scene Reconstruction Bundle Adjustment Levenberg-Marquardt Non-Linear Least Squares Memory Throughput Computational Throughput Contiguous Memory Access CUDA Optimization

paradigm shift in transfusion practices during early COVID-19 pandemic:A single center retrospective study

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 78-86页

作者： Sumukh Arun Kumar Sushmita prabhu Ankushi Sanghvi Maya Gogtay Mithil Gowda suresh Harshit Khosla Yuvaraj Singh Ajay Kumar Mishra Susan George Department of Internal Medicine Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States Department of Hematology and Oncology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Hospice and palliative Care UTHSC and McGovern School of MedicineTexasTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Cardiology Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States

BACKGROUND The advent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)unveiled the worst national blood crisis that the United States had witnessed in over a *** the pandemic influencing the different stages of the acquisition of blood products outside the hospital setting,we aimed to explore the possible barriers contributing to the shortage of blood products within the medical *** COVID era and pre-COVID *** We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on hospitalized patients distinguishing the pattern of blood transfusion during the COVID and pre-COVID era in a community *** was tabulated to include the number of red blood cell(RBC)transfusions and if transfusions met restrictive blood transfusion criteria as per institutional ***-square was applied to test the statistical association between qualitative *** t test and Mann Whitney U test were applied respectively to test the mean difference of quantitative *** A total of 208 patients were included in the study,of which 108 were during COVID era and 100 were during pre-COVID *** leading reason for admission in both the COVID era and pre-COVID era transfused patients was shortness of breath(53.7%and 36%p=0.001),followed by gastrointestinal bleeding(25.9%and 21%p=0.001).There was a higher percentage of RBC transfusions in the intensive care unit in the COVID-era group than in the pre-COVID era group(38.9%vs 22%,p=0.008).The restrictive transfusion criteria were met in 62%vs 79%in the COVID and pre-COVID eras,respectively(p=0.008).CONCLUSION The COVID-era group received RBC transfusions with less stringent adherence to restrictive blood transfusion practices in comparison to pre-COVID era group.

关键词： Blood transfusion Restrictive transfusion COVID-19 pre-COVID-19 Blood shortage pandemic

Dietary Green Tea Extract and Antioxidants Improve Insulin Secretory Functions of pancreatic β-Cells in Mild and Severe Experimental Rodent Model of Chronic pancreatitis

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 53-72页

作者： Galande Sheethal Ranjeet K. Tokala pavan pondugala Krishna Vemula Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan pothani suresh Surya Satyanarayana Singh Guduru Venkat Rao Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Mitnala Sasikala Basic Science and Translational Research Division Asian Healthcare Foundation AIG Hospitals Hyderabad India Division of Cell and Molecular Biology National institute of Nutrition Hyderabad India National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research Hyderabad India Department of Biochemistry Osmania University Hyderabad India Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hyderabad India Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hyderabad India

Chronic pancreatitis (Cp) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. It is predominantly idiopathic (with an unknown cause) in India and mostly due to alcohol in the West. Diabetes that occur secondary to chronic pancreatitis (T3c Diabetes) is often brittle, and is difficult to attain normoglycemia with conventional treatment requiring multiple doses of insulin. Mild and severe model of Cp was induced in mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein and L-arginine respectively with an intent to study islet dysfunction and develop therapeutic strategy in animal models of Cp. Dietary intervention of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was tested in both the models of Cp for its beneficial effects on insulin secretory functions. pancreata collected upon euthanasia were used to study alterations in the morphology of pancreatic parenchyma and inflammation by staining with H&E and fibrotic changes by Masson’s trichrome and picrosirius staining. Insulin secretory functions of islets were evaluated to test the efficacy of the dietary intervention on β-cell functions. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed to monitor the glucose homeostasis before and after the dietary intervention. Both the models resulted in Cp with dispersed acini, inflammation and fibrosis. The loss of acini and extent of fibrosis was more in L-arginine model. 2-fold improvement in glucose-stimulated insulin secretory functions of islets was observed with 0.5% EGCG dietary intervention in cerulein model of Cp and 1.6-fold in L-arginine model of Cp. A further improvement in insulin secretion by 3.2-fold was observed with additional dietary supplements like N-acetyl cysteine, curcumin in combination with EGCG. Our results thus demonstrate and highlight the therapeutic potential of dietary green tea (EGCG) supplementation in reversing islet dysfunction and improving glucose homeostasis in experimental chronic pancreatitis in mice.

关键词： Dietary Intervention C57BL6/J Mice Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate N-Acetyl Cysteine Curcumin Chronic pancreatitis Islets Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion

Global geoepidemiology of gastrointestinal surgery rates in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1835-1844页

作者： Simcha Weissman Muhammad Aziz Ayrton Bangolo Vignesh K Nagesh Htat Aung Midhun Mathew Lino Garcia Shiva A Chandar praveena Karamthoti Harinder Bawa Aseel Alshimari Yabets Kejela Nazish Mehdi Chrishanti A Joseph Athri Kodali Rohan Kumar priya Goyal Sanya Satheesha Fnu Nivedita Nicole Tesoro Tanni Sethi Gurpreet Singh Areej Belal Alina Intisar Hirra Khalid Samuel Cornwell Suchith B suresh Kareem Ahmed Karabo K Marole Om p Anand Rahat B Reshi Tej I Mehta Sameh Elias Joseph D Feuerstein Department of Medicine Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMD 21218United States Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

BACKGROUND Data regarding the worldwide gastrointestinal surgery rates in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)remains *** To systematically review the global variation in the rates of surgery in *** A comprehensive search analysis was performed using multiple electronic databases from inception through July 1,2020,to identify all full text,randomized controlled trials and cohort studies pertaining to gastrointestinal surgery rates in adult patients with *** included continent based demographic data,CD surgery rates over time,as well as the geoepidemiologic variation in CD surgery *** analyses were conducted using *** Twenty-three studies spanning four continents were *** median proportion of persons with CD who underwent gastrointestinal surgery in studies from North America,Europe,Asia,and Oceania were 30%(range:1.7%-62.0%),40%(range:0.6%-74.0%),17%(range:16.0%-43.0%),and 38%*** clear association was found regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time in North America(R^(2)=0.035)and Europe(R^(2)=0.100).A moderate,negative association was seen regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time(R^(2)=0.520)in *** There appears to be significant inter-continental variation regarding surgery rates in *** evidencebased guidelines accounting for the geographic differences in managing patients with CD is ***,as a paucity of data on surgery rates in CD exists outside the North American and European continents,future studies,particularly in less studied locales,are warranted.

关键词： Gastrointestinal surgery Crohn’s disease Geoepidemiology Inflammatory bowel disease prevalence