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Experimental studies on the erosion rate of different heat treated carbon steel economiser tubes of power boilers by fly ash particles

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第5期16卷 534-539页

作者： T.A.Daniel sagayaraj S.Suresh M.Chandrasekar Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli-620015Tamil NaduIndia

The experimental investigations on the effect of the fly ash particle size, velocity, impingement angle, and feed rate were done with an emphasis on the effect of erosion on annealed SA 210 GrA1 （A） and normalized SA 210 GrA1 （N） carbon steel economizer-tube materials. Erosion rates were evaluated with different impingement angles ranging from 15° to 90°, at four different velocities of 32.5, 35, 37.5, and 40 m/s, and at four different feed rates of fly ash particles of 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/min. The erodent used was fly ash particles, sizes ranging from 50-250 μm of irregular shapes. Erosion rate is found to be the maximum at the impingement angle of 30°. Erosion rates of the carbon steel tube in different heat treatment conditions, annealed and normalized, at a constant velocity of 32.5 m/s with different angles were studied. In all cases of feed rates, impingement angles, particle sizes, and velocities of fly ash particles, it has been found that the erosion rate of the annealed tube is less than that of the normalized tube. Empirical correlations for erosion rate relating the velocity, size, feed rate, and impingement angle of the particles and elongation property of the target materials were arrived. Morphologies of the eroded surface were examined by scanning electron microscope （SEM）.

关键词： erosion rate economiser tubes annealing normalizing

Usefulness of supraclavicular flap in reconstruction following resection of oral cancer

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018年第2期4卷 148-152页

作者： B. Vageesh padiyar S.M. Azeem Mohiyuddin A. sagayaraj Shuaib Merchant Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College and Research Centre Tamaka Kolar Karnataka 563101 India

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of supraclavicular artery flap in reconstruc-tion of defects following resection of buccal mucosa cancer. Methods: Twenty-five patients who presented to R.L Jalappa Hospital and Research centre and diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa staged T2 and above were included in our study. All patients underwent wide excision of tumour and neck dissection. Six patients un-derwent hemi-mandibulectomy while 4 patients underwent marginal mandibulectomy depend-ing on extent of the tumour along with neck dissection. The defect following surgery was reconstructed using the supraclavicular artery flap and were followed up for minimum 6 months during which they were assessed for the functional and aesthetic outcome using a scoring system. The details of the scoring system comprised of 7 attributes. Each attribute was given a score of 10 if the patients experienced that attribute, while a score of 0 was given if the patient did not experience that particular attribute. Results: Seven (28％) patients had complete necrosis of the flap. One patient had a local recur-rence 2 months following surgery and was lost to follow up. The remaining 17 patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months and a scoring system was adopted to evaluate the func-tional and aesthetic outcome of the supraclavicular flap. We observed that 14 patients had an excellent outcome score (58％), 3 patients had a good outcome score (13％), while 7 patients (28％) had flap ***: We find the supraclavicular flap to be safe, technically simple, sensate, thin, pliable and reliable regional fasciocutaneous flap in reconstructing intra oral defects. preser-ving the external jugular vein and sacrificing supraclavicular nerves give good outcome.

关键词： Squamous cell carcinoma Buccal mucosa cancer External jugular vein Supraclavicular artery flap

Clinicopathological study of surgical margins in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016年第1期2卷 -页

作者： S.M. Azeem Mohiyuddin B. Vageesh padiyar T.N. Suresh Kouser Mohammadi A. sagayaraj Shuaib Merchant Mahnaaz Sultana Azeem Department of 0torhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College Tamaka Kolar 563101 India Department of pathology Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College Tamaka Kolar 563101 India Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College Tamaka Kolar 563101 India

UNASSIGNED:To evaluate the margins of resected specimen of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to document the surgical margin (measured at the time of resection) and margins at the time of pathological examination (after immersion of the specimen in formalin).;UNASSIGNED:patients who were diagnosed and confirmed with squamous carcinoma of buccal mucosa were included in the study. patients underwent resection of the tumor with a margin of 1 cm. Soon after resection, the distance between outermost visible margin of the tumor and the margin of the specimen was measured and documented. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and submitted for gross and histopathological examination. The closest histopathologic margin was compared with the in situ margin (10 mm) to determine and document any shrinkage of the margin and the percentage of discrepancy if any.;UNASSIGNED:A total of 52 specimens were collected from patients between January 2014 and December 2014. All specimens were obtained from the oral cavity (n = 52) of which 43 (82.7%) were squamous cell carcinoma and 9 (17.3%) were verrucous variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The average decrease in tumor margins measured after fixation in formalin was found to be statistically significant ( perating surgeon and pathologist should be well aware of such changes while planning for further management thereby ensuring adequate margin of resection and adjuvant treatment wherever required to prevent possible local recurrence of the disease.

关键词： Formalin fixation Margin of resection Oral squamous cell carcinoma Recurrence