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Inter-row tillage for improved soil and water conservation and crop yields on crusted Alfisols

Agricultural Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 36-45页

作者： prabhakar pathak Suhas p. Wani Raghavendra Sudi nagaraju Budama Resilient Dryland Systems International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad India

In the semi-arid tropics (SAT),33% areas are occupied by Alfisols and related soils. In SAT these soils have low structural stability and thereby tend to form seal and crusts at the surface. Due to this a large proportion of the rain that falls on Alfisols during the early part of the rainy season,is normally lost as runoff thus causing high soil loss as well as moisture stress to crops. Two tillage studies were conducted first at plot scale (320 m2) during 1991-95 and second at small watershed scale (1.45 ha) during 2007-10,at ICRISAT research station,Hyderabad,India. These studies were conducted to find out whether the problem of excessive runoff and soil loss during the early part of the rainy season can be controlled by various inter-row tillage systems in addition to normal intercultivation by breaking the crust or seal and thereby improving infiltration and soil moisture and reducing runoff and soil loss. The observations on rainfall,runoff,soil moisture,soil loss,soil surface roughness and crop yields were collected from both the studies. Results from these studies have shown that inter-row tillage in addition to normal intercultivation is found effective in controlling early season runoff and soil loss and increasing crop yields. The additional tillage systems are found most effective during low and medium rainfall years and not so much during high rainfall years. The additional tillage with shoe cultivators,which creates rough soil surface (11 mm depression storage),is found most effective in increasing crop yields and reducing runoff and soil loss. The additional tillage with blade harrow which generates smooth soil surface is relatively less effective. In most rainfall conditions,the normal intercultivation with one additional tillage is found adequate for controlling early season runoff and improving soil moisture and crop yields.

关键词： Runoff Soil Loss Crusting Sealing Semi-Arid Tropics Alfisols Soil Surface Roughness

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Sexual Dimorphism of Foramen Magnum between Two Different Groups of Indian population: A Cross‑Sectional Cone‑Beam Computed Tomography Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第3期4卷 150-155页

作者： Vidisha Gargi Ravi prakash SM Sangeeta Malik nagaraju K Sumit Goel Swati Gupta Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Subharti Dental CollegeMeerutUttar PradeshIndia

The foramen magnum (FM), being a vital landmark at the base of the skull, includes interests to many fields of medicine. Many authors haverecounted the usefulness of the FM in gender determination. The emphasis of this study is to evaluate the shape and dimensions of the FM among males and females and to establish its role in sexual dimorphism using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Furthermore, to evaluate the area and FM index (FMI) among males and females and finally to evaluate the differences in FM measurements if any in twodifferent regions of an Indian population. One hundred and ten CBCT scans (55 males and 55 females;age range, 20–80 years) were selectedfor this study. The sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, area, FMI, and circumference of FM were measured, and data were subjected to discriminant analysis for the evaluation of sexual dimorphism. The area of FM was the best discriminant parameter which was used to study the sexual dimorphism with an overall accuracy of 90.9%. It can be concluded that the reconstructed CBCT image provides valuable measurements for the FM and could be used for gender determination.

关键词： Craniometry dimorphism foramen magnum

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具有精准结构Zr-O及Zr/Ti-O纳米团簇的深共熔溶剂热合成（英文）

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物理化学学报 2018年第7期34卷 781-785页

作者： NARAYANAM nagaraju CHINTAKRINDA Kalpana 方伟慧张磊张健中国科学院福建物质结构研究所结构化学重点实验室福州350002 中国科学院大学北京100049

近年来,深共熔溶剂热作为一种绿色合成方法被广泛用于多种杂化功能材料的合成。在本研究中,这一合成方法被引入到多核Zr-和Zr/Ti-O纳米团簇的制备,成功获得被邻菲罗啉、苯酚等共轭配体修饰的Zr_6以及Ti_(11)Zr_4团簇。此方法将为具有精... 详细信息

近年来,深共熔溶剂热作为一种绿色合成方法被广泛用于多种杂化功能材料的合成。在本研究中,这一合成方法被引入到多核Zr-和Zr/Ti-O纳米团簇的制备,成功获得被邻菲罗啉、苯酚等共轭配体修饰的Zr_6以及Ti_(11)Zr_4团簇。此方法将为具有精准结构信息的被较多发色团包覆的纳米团簇的合成开辟新的技术路线。此外,光催化分解水产氢实验结果表明,由于具有不同的簇核环境,这两种纳米团簇表现出不同的分散性及与之相关的产氢活性。因此,该研究也为探索金属氧簇材料的结构-性能关系以及结构设计原则提供了借鉴。

关键词：纳米团簇钛锆深共熔溶剂热产氢

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Land Use/Land Cover Analysis Based on Various Comprehensive Geospatial Data Sets: A Case Study from Tirupati Area, South India

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2016年第2期5卷 73-82页

作者： nagaraju Arveti Balaji Etikala padmanava Dash Department of Geology Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati India Department of Geosciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA

Land use/land cover (LULC) information is essential for the selection, planning and implementation of management strategies to meet the increasing demands for basic human needs and welfare of the ever growing population. This paper illustrates the status of land use/land cover in the Tirupati area of Andhra pradesh state using an integrated approach of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The National Land use/Land cover classification developed by National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) divides the land in the study area into five Level I classes, 11 Level II classes, and fifteen Level III classes. From this three-level hierarchic based classification, it was found that the Forest is the major LULC category in the Tirupati area covering 227.46 kmp>2p> (58.55%), followed by Agricultural land, Wastelands, Built-up land and water bodies contributing to 70.36 kmp>2p> (18.11%), 43.92 kmp>2p> (11.31%), 32.71 kmp>2p> (8.42%) and 14.03 kmp>2p> (3.61%) respectively of the total geographical area. This study also reviewed the characteristics of urban sprawl and their impacts on quality of life, the evident driving forces and its impact on development activities. The study concludes that in Tirupati area forest land contributed the highest land cover (58.55%), while the lowest was contributed by water bodies (3.61%) and shows a significant impact of urbanization on the ecosystem.

关键词： Remote Sensing GIS Landuse/Land Cover Tirupati

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非晶态介孔FeAlp催化剂用于合成1,5-苯二氮类化合物(英文)

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催化学报 2010年第11期31卷 1321-1327页

作者： A.V.VIJAYASANKAR S.DEEpA B.R.VENUGOpAL N.nagaraju Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research LaboratorySt.Joseph's College Research Centre Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science

A simple and versatile method for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines from o-phenylenediamine and ketones in the presence of solvents and under solvent-free conditions that used an amorphous mesoporous iron aluminophosphate as catalyst was *** yields with excellent selectivity were obtained with a wide variety of ketones under mild reaction *** catalyst had the advantages of ease of preparation,ease of handling,simple recovery,reusability,non toxicity,and being inexpensive.

关键词： benzodiazepine amorphous metal aluminophosphate mesoporous iron aluminophosphate o-phenylenediamine ketone solvent free synthesis

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氧化铝和氧化锆催化剂上2-取代苯并咪唑和1,5-二取代苯并二氮的合成(英文)

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催化学报 2012年第3期33卷 439-446页

作者： M. REKHA A. HAMZA B. R. VENUGOpAL N. nagaraju Catalysis Research Laboratory St. Joseph's College and Research Centre 39 Lalbagh Road Shanthinagar Bangalore 560 027 India Laboratory of Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Surfaces Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix Rue de Bruxelles 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium

In this study, alumina, zirconia, manganese oxide/alumina, and manganese oxide/zirconia have been investigated for their catalytic activity in the condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and an aldehyde or a ketone to synthesise 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 1,5-disubstituted benzodiazepines respectively. Surface area, surface acidity, and morphology of the catalysts have been analysed and correlated with their catalytic activity. The isolated yields of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 1,5-disubstituted benzodiazepines are in the range of 30% to 95%. A good correlation between the amount of surface acid sites as well as the surface morphology of the catalysts and the catalytic activity has been observed. This method has been found to be simple and economical. The solid supports could be regenerated and reused without much loss in their activity. Further, the solid supports have been also found to be effective as general catalysts in the condensation of o-phenylenediamine with other substituted aldehydes and ketones.

关键词：取代苯并咪唑锆催化剂二取代苯氧化铝合成药物催化活性氮

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High energy density performance of hydrothermally produced hydrous ruthenium oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite: Design of an asymmetric supercapacitor with excellent cycle life

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第4期25卷 627-635页

作者： K.Chaitra p.Sivaraman R.T.Vinny Umananda M.Bhatta N.nagaraju N.Kathyayini Department of Nanobiosciences Centre for Emerging TechnologiesJain Global CampusJain UniversityJakkasandra postKanakapura TalukRamanagara District Naval Materials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry St.Joseph's College

Hydrous ruthenium oxide(h-Ru O) nanoparticles and its composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes(h-Ru O/MWCNT) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and proved to have potential application as hybrid supercapacitor *** h-Ru Oand h-Ru O/MWCNT were characterized for their physico-chemical properties by pXRD,BET surface area,Raman,SEM-EDS and TEM *** electrochemical performance of the materials were investigated,specific capacitance(Cs) of h-Ru Oand hRu O/MWCNT estimated by their cyclic voltammetric studies were found to be 604 and 1585 F/g respectively at a scan rate of 2 m V/s in the potential range 0–1.2 ***,this value was found to be nearly three times higher than that of pure h-Ru *** asymmetric supercapacitor(AS) device was fabricated by employing h-Ru O/MWCNT as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative *** device exhibited Cs of 61.8 F/g at a scan rate of 2 m V/***,the device showed excellent long term stability for 20,000 cycles with 88% capacitance retention at a high current density of 25 A/g.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Hybrid composites Asymmetric supercapacitors Cycle life

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Mixed-phase composites derived from cobalt terephthalate as efficient battery-type electrodes for high-performance supercapattery

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第26期157卷 220-233页

作者： Ramu Manikandan Antonysamy Dennyson Savariraj Goli nagaraju A.M.Kale J.puigdollers Hyejin park Hyun-Soo Kim Jae-Min Oh C.Justin Raj Byung Chul Kim Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea Advanced Functional Nanohybrid Material Laboratory Department of ChemistryDongguk University Seoul-CampusJung-guSeoul04620Republic of Korea Department of Materials Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering Sunchon National University255Jungang-roSuncheon-siJellanamdo57922Republic of Korea Department of Enginyeria Electrònica Universitat Politècnica CatalunyaBarcelona 08034Spain Next Generation Battery Research Center Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute(KERI)Changwon51543Republic of Korea physics Division School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Chennai CampusChennai600127Tamil NaduIndia

Interfacial engineering of two-dimensional(2D)monometallic phosphides enables remarkable structural and electrochemical properties in energy storage ***,2D nanosheets(NSs)of Fep_(2)/Co_(2) p were grown on Ni-foam(FCp)using a solution-based and phosphorization approach to be used as freestanding for high-performance energy storage *** effective phosphorization strategy is successfully de-veloped to improve the overall crystalline phase,tailor the morphology,and boost the electrochemical performances of *** FCp NSs electrode exhibits a battery-type redox behavior with a maxi-mum high areal capacity of 1.96 C cm^(-2) at 4 mA cm^(-2) in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte compared to the other *** superior electrochemical performance was achieved by increasing the electroac-tive sites and high conductivity via surface tailoring and fast redox ***,a supercapattery was assembled utilizing FCp and activated carbon(AC)electrodes and it revealed maximum specific en-ergy(E_(s))and specific power(p_(s))of 41.2 Wh kg^(-1) and 7578 W kg^(-1) with good cycling stability of 91%after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Eventually,the supercapattery has been explored in practical applications by lighting up light-emitting diodes(LEDs),representing the real-time performance of superior energy storage devices.

关键词： 2D nanosheet Monometallic phosphide Battery-type material Supercapattery Energy storage

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Alumina-boron catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene: Influence of alumina-boron composition and method of preparation on catalysts properties

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2019年第11期40卷 1758-1765页

作者： nagaraju pasupulety Muhammad A.Daous Abdulrahim A.Al-Zahrani Hafedh Driss Lachezar A.petrov Chemical and Materials Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

Different mole ratio Al-B catalysts (Al-10B to Al-35B) were synthesized by using sol-gel (SG) method. Ethyl benzene (EB) dehydrogenation in the presence of oxygen and water steam was carried out on these catalysts at 450–500℃ with EB contact time of 0.54 ***^–3. Acidity of Al-B catalysts was estimated by using NH3-TpD-mass spectral analysis studies. SEM-mapping images revealed fine distribution of boron up to 15% of its loading in alumina (Al-15B), whereas, boron aggregation was observed in higher boron content (Al-25B and Al-35B) catalysts. Essentially, acid sites of very weak strength (Tmax ≤ 125℃) were observed for Al and Al-10B catalysts and resulted in low EB conversion and styrene yield. On the other hand, acid sites of weak strength (Tmax ≤ 180℃) were observed for Al-25B and Al-35B catalysts and resulted in high EB conversion. However, greater styrene yield (43.2%) with reasonable EB conversion (46%) was obtained on acid sites of weak moderate strength in Al-15B catalyst. Further, Al-15B catalyst was synthesized by using co-precipitation (COp) and impregnation (IMp) methods. Acid sites related to NOx formation during the NH3-TpD-mass analysis on IMp and COp catalyst essentially improved the EB conversion to 66% and 63% respectively at 500℃. However, these acid sites were diminished in Al-B SG catalyst and resulted in 50% of EB conversion at 500 ℃. At 50% of EB conversion level, styrene selectivity of 73%, 82.5% and 84% were observed on Al-B IMp, Al-B COp and Al-SG catalysts, respectively. Hence, different method of preparation of Al-B catalyst generated acid sites of different strength and density and thereby influenced the styrene formation.

关键词： Alumina-boron Oxidative dehydrogenation Ethyl benzene Styrene Co-precipitation

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An Appraisal of Land Use/Land Cover Change Scenario of Tummalapalle, Cuddapah Region, India—A Remote Sensing and GIS perspective

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2016年第4期5卷 232-245页

作者： Yenamala Sreedhar Arveti nagaraju Gurram Murali Krishna Department of Geology Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati India Xinthe Technologies Visakhapatnam India

The study was aimed at appraising the changing land use/land cover scenario of Tummalapalle region in Cuddapah district of Andhra pradesh using Remote sensing data and GIS technology. The region is considered as it has rich uranium reserves and is experiencing a remarkable expansion in recent times. The land use/land cover change analysis was carried out using IRS p6 LISS-III and LANDSAT-8 OLI multitemporal data pertaining to the years 2006 and 2016. The image classification resulted in five major land use/land cover classes namely built-up, agricultural, forest, wasteland and water bodies. The study noticed that the areas under built-up and agricultural classes are found increased from 0.94 kmp>2p> (0.84%) to 2.75 kmp>2p> (2.44%) and 61.68 kmp>2p> (54.84%) to 63.91 kmp>2p> (56.82%), respectively during 2006-2016. Area under forest, wasteland and water bodies are found decreased considerably from 3.09 kmp>2p> (2.75%) to 0.86 kmp>2p> (0.76%), 43.71 kmp>2p> (38.56%) to 42.60 kmp>2p> (37.88%) and 3.05 kmp>2p> (2.71%) to 2.35 kmp>2p> (2.09%), respectively. The study recommends development of industrial based economy by optimally utilizing the existing land resource (scrub and wasteland classes) and simultaneously extending the agricultural practices to other possible areas to make them more productive.

关键词： Remote Sensing and GIS Image Classification Land Use/Land Cover Tummalapalle

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