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A hybrid solar-biogas system for post-CoVID-19 rural energy access

Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 84-99页

作者： ochuko K.overen KeChrist obileke Edson L Meyer Golden Makaka oliver o.Apeh Fort Hare Institute of Technology University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa Department of physics Renewable Energy Research CentreUniversity of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering and Build EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park 2006South Africa

Solar home systems for rural electrification are often designed with a limited energy supply,which presents a drawback for the ***,uncontrolled livestock faeces in rural communities constitute environmental sanitation and health *** excrement can be used through a biogas digester to supplement solar energy to provide adequate and sustainable elec-tricity access to underserved rural communities while achieving waste ***,this study presents a hybrid solar-biogas system for a more dynamic energy supply and waste management for post-Covid recovery plans in rural communities.A parametric research approach that involves the use of the Integrated Environment Solution Virtual Environment software application and mathematical models to design the desired household load and the hybrid system sizing is used in the *** findings show that the daily household energy consumption was 6.6 kWh,equivalent to 206.40 kWh/month.A 1.2-kWp and 1.2-m^(3)hybrid solar-biogas system was found to adequately power the ***,the total initial investment cost of the system was$5777.20 with a net present value of$6566.78,net profit of$4443.6,a payback period of 14 years and 8 months,and a levelized cost of energy of$0.21/kWh;these include a 60%initial investment and maintenance costs *** performance contracting and energy-as-a-service were recommended to effectively run and operate the *** study successfully revealed the design,specifications and upscaling mechanism of the proposed hybrid solar-biogas *** research is required to unveil the efficacy of the system,the performance gap and the perception of the technology by the beneficiaries.

关键词： energy access sustainable rural development clean energy waste management post-CoVID-19 recovery plan

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A decomposition of light’s spin angular momentum density

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1578-1589页

作者： Alex J.Vernon Sebastian Golat Claire Rigouzzo Eugene A.Lim Francisco J.Rodríguez-Fortuño Department of physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK London Centre for Nanotechnology LondonUK

Light carries intrinsic spin angular momentum(SAM)when the electric or magnetic field vector rotates over time.A familiar vector equation calculates the direction of light’s SAM density using the right-hand rule with reference to the electric and magnetic polarisation *** Maxwell’s equations,this vector equation can be decomposed into a sum of two distinct terms,akin to the well-known poynting vector decomposition into orbital and spin *** present the first general study of this spin decomposition,showing that the two terms,which we call canonical and poynting spin,are chiral analogies to the canonical and spin momenta of light in its interaction with *** canonical momentum,canonical spin is directly *** canonical and poynting spin incorporate spatial variation of the electric and magnetic fields and are influenced by optical *** decomposition allows us to show that a linearly polarised vortex beam,which has no total SAM,can nevertheless exert longitudinal chiral pressure due to equal and opposite canonical and poynting spins.

关键词： canonical momentum angular

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Hydrothermal treatment of pearl millet grains:Effects on nutritional composition,antinutrients and flour properties

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Grain & oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.prashanth T.Jayasree Joshi Shagolshem Mukta Singh p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

pearl millet(pennisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop exhibits exceptional resilience to drought and high ***,the processing of pearl millet poses a significant challenge due to its high lipid content,enzyme activity,and presence of ***,it becomes imperative to enhance the quality and prolong the shelf life of pearl millet flour by employing suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as promising due to its potential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and improve nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of pearl *** independent variables of the study were soaking temperature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and phytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,respectively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could potentially encourage the use of pearl millet flour in the production of various food items and promote the application of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food processing.

关键词： pearl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional properties Antinutrients

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Seismic response of deep circular tunnels subjected to S-waves:Axial bending

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Underground Space 2024年第4期17卷 267-279页

作者： Chatuphat Savigamin Antonio Bobet osvaldo p.M.Vitali HR Engineering Services Inc.MedleyFL 33166United States Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822United States

ovaling deformation of circular tunnels has received great interest from the tunneling community because this mode of seismicinduced deformation is considered the most ***,there is growing evidence that other deformation modes can also be important and thus need to be considered in *** study presents a new analytical solution to estimate axial bending(snaking),a mode of deformation caused by S-waves impinging on a tunnel parallel to the tunnel *** solution is developed using the soilstructure interaction approach with the assumption that the interface between the ground and the tunnel lining is frictionless(fullslip).Full dynamic numerical simulations are conducted to verify the new full-slip solution,together with the existing no-slip *** of dynamic amplification are also explored for both full-slip and no-slip interface conditions by changing the wavelength(or frequency)of the seismic input motions.

关键词： Seismic response of tunnels Analytical solutions Soil-structure interaction Axial bending Snaking S-waves

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Stochastic Ranking Improved Teaching-Learning and Adaptive Grasshopper optimization Algorithm-Based Clustering Scheme for Augmenting Network Lifetime in WSNs

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China Communications 2024年第9期21卷 159-178页

作者： N Tamilarasan SB Lenin p Mukunthan NC Sendhilkumar Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Sri Indu College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering CollegePondicherryIndia

In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),Clustering process is widely utilized for increasing the lifespan with sustained energy stability during data *** clustering protocols were devised for extending network lifetime,but most of them failed in handling the problem of fixed clustering,static rounds,and inadequate Cluster Head(CH)selection criteria which consumes more *** this paper,Stochastic Ranking Improved Teaching-Learning and Adaptive Grasshopper optimization Algorithm(SRITL-AGoA)-based Clustering Scheme for energy stabilization and extending network *** SRITL-AGoA selected CH depending on the weightage of factors such as node mobility degree,neighbour's density distance to sink,single-hop or multihop communication and Residual Energy(RE)that directly influences the energy consumption of sensor *** specific,Grasshopper optimization Algorithm(GoA)is improved through tangent-based nonlinear strategy for enhancing the ability of global *** the other hand,stochastic ranking and violation constraint handling strategies are embedded into Teaching-Learning-based optimization Algorithm(TLoA)for improving its exploitation ***,SR and VCH improved TLoA is embedded into the exploitation phase of AGoA for selecting better CH by maintaining better balance amid exploration and *** results confirmed that the proposed SRITL-AGoA improved throughput by 21.86%,network stability by 18.94%,load balancing by 16.14%with minimized energy depletion by19.21%,compared to the competitive CH selection approaches.

关键词： Adaptive Grasshopper optimization Algorithm(AGoA) Cluster Head(CH) network lifetime Teaching-Learning-based optimization Algorithm(TLoA) Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)

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Evaluation of Mechanical properties and Surface Quality of Wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina Exposed to outdoor Conditions

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1417-1431页

作者： Redžo Hasanagić UmejrŠljivo Leila Fathi pallavi Gautam Mohsen Bahmani Miha Humar Department of Wood Science and Technology Faculty of Technical EngineeringUniversity of BihaćBihać77000Bosnia and Herzegovina Department of Wood and Furniture Industry Engineering Faculty of Resources and Earth ScienceShahrekord UniversityShahrekord64165478Iran Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India Biotechnical Faculty Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana1501Slovenia

This study investigated the mechanical properties of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and fir(Abies alba)wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina under outdoor *** were exposed for 3-month exposure to assess bending strength,color changes,and surface *** showed outdoor exposure negatively affected mechanical properties,particularly in samples with extended finger joints,causing significant surface cracks in uncoated *** wood exhibited notable color changes under exposure,with approximately 50%darkening without coating compared to 25%under covered *** samples displayed minimal color changes,affirming the efficacy of surface *** wood exhibited a roughness of 8.264μm,while beechwood average roughness increased from 6.767 to 13.916μm after exposure,with micro-pore development affecting water *** analysis identified prevalent fungal colonies,including penicillium,Aureobasidium,Sclerophoma,and Chaetomium,underscoring their role in organic matter *** study highlights the importance of wood exposure and treatment selection for various applications.

关键词： Mechanical properties outdoor conditions cracks wood species

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Deep Weighted Fusion Learning(DWFL)-based multi-sensor fusion model for accurate building occupancy detection

Energy and AI

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 542-554页

作者： MdRumman Rafi Fei Hu Shuhui Li Aijun Song Xingli Zhang Zheng o’Neill Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityTXUSA

With the advancement of artificial intelligence,the dominance of deep learning(DL)models over ordinary machine learning(ML)algorithms has become a reality in recent years due to its capability of handling complex pattern recognition without manual feature *** the growing demands for power savings,building energy loss reduction could benefit from DL *** buildings/rooms with the varying number of occupants,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems are often found in operations without much *** reduce the building’s energy loss,accurate occupancy detection/prediction(oDp)results could be used to control the proper operations of ***,oDp is a challenging issue due to multiple reasons,such as improper selection/deployment of sensors,inefficient learning algorithms for pattern recognition,varying room conditions,*** overcome the above challenges,we propose a DL-based framework,i.e.,Deep Weighted Fusion Learning(DWFL),to detect and predict occupancy counts with optimal multi-sensor fusion *** fuses the extracted features from multiple types of sensors with the priority/weight assignment to each *** weight assignment considers different room conditions and the pros/cons of each type of *** evaluate DWFL model in terms of occupancy prediction accuracy,we have set up an experimental testbed with low-cost cameras,carbon dioxide(Co_(2)),and passive infrared(pIR)*** the recently proposed occupancy detection models,DeepFusion utilized deep learning model on heterogeneous sensor data and achieved 88%accuracy in occupancy count estimation(Xue et al.,2019).Another deep learning-based model MI-pIR achieved 91%accuracy on raw analog data from pIR sensors(Andrews et al.,2020).our research outcome is 94%.Therefore,the experiment results show that our DWFL scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art oDp methods by 3%.

关键词： Building energy saving Convolutional neural network(CNN) occupancy detection Deep learning Multi-sensor fusion Wavelet transform

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Space Rocks-and Dust-Roll into planetary Science Limelight

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 3-6页

作者： Sean o’Neill 不详

Space sample retrieval is having a *** 24 September 2023,in a triumph of complex engineering,a US National Aeronau-tics and Space Administration(NASA)mission,oSIRUS-REx(short for origins,spectral interpretation,resource identification,and security-regolith explorer;regolith is the surface layer of uncon-solidated rocks and dust/soil covering bedrock),successfully deliv-ered to Earth a capsule containing the largest sample of asteroid material ever collected,captured from Bennu.

关键词： rock Earth origin

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Synergies from off-gas analysis and mass balances for wastewater treatment--Some personal reflections on our experiences

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 413-417页

作者： Eveline I.p.Volcke BioCo Research Group Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000GentBelgium

Looking back at over a decade of research by herself and her group,the author advocates the added value of gas phase measurements and the application of mass balances,as well as the synergetic benefits obtained when combining *** increased application of off-gas measurements for greenhouse gas emission monitoring offers a great opportunity to look at other components in the gas phase,particularly *** balances should not be strictly reserved for modellers but also prove useful while conducting lab experiments and studying full-scale measurement *** off-gas measurements with mass balances may serve not only to quantify greenhouse gas emission factors and aeration efficiency but also to follow dynamic concentration profiles of dissolved components without dedicated sensors and/or to calculate other unmeasured ***-balance-based data reconciliation allows for obtaining reliable and accurate data,and even more when combined with off-gas analysis.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Greenhouse gas emissions Mass balances off-gas analysis Monitoring Data reconciliation

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Mean nocturnal baseline impedance in gastro-esophageal reflux disease diagnosis:Should we strictly follow the Lyon 2 Consensus?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第26期30卷 3253-3256页

作者： Theodoros A Voulgaris Georgios p Karamanolis Department of Gastroenterology School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Clinical practice guidelines drive clinical practice and clinicians rely to them when trying to answer their most common *** of the most important position papers in the field of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)is the one produced by the Lyon *** an updated second version has been *** nocturnal baseline impedance(MNBI)was proposed by the first Consensus to act as supportive evidence for GERD *** a cut-off of 2292 ohms was proposed,a value revised in the second *** updated Consensus recommended that an MNBIohms strongly suggests GERD while a value>2500 ohms can be used to refute *** proposed cut-offs move in the correct direction by diminishing the original cut-off,nevertheless they arise from a study of normal subjects where cut-offs were provided by measuring the mean value±2SD and not in symptomatic ***,data exist that even symptomatic patients with inconclusive disease or reflux hypersensitivity(RH)show lower MNBI values in comparison to normal subjects or patients with functional heartburn(FH).Moreover,according to the data,MNBI,even among symptomatic patients,is affected by age and body mass ***,various studies have proposed different cut-offs by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis even lower than the one ***,no information is given for patients submitted to on-proton pump inhibitors pH-impedance studies even if new and extremely important data now ***,even if MNBI is an extremely important tool when trying to approach patients with reflux symptoms and could distinguish conclusive GERD from RH or FH,its values should be interpreted with caution.

关键词： Mean nocturnal baseline impedance Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Lyon 2 Consensus pH-impedance Diagnosis

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