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Sensitivity analysis of an HgCdTe based photovoltaic receiver for long-wavelength free space optical communication systems

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Optoelectronics Letters 2009年第1期5卷 21-25页

作者： A.D.D.Dwivedi p.chakrabarti Centre for Research in Microelectronics Department of Electronics EngineeringInstitute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu University

We examine theoretically the performance of an Hg0.77Cd0.23Te based p-n photodetector/HFET optical receiver due to its possible application at 10.6 μm free space optical communication system at high bit rate.A rigorous noise model of the receiver has been developed for this *** calculate the total noise and sensitivity of the *** front-end of the receiver exhibits a sensitivity of -45 dBm at a bit rate of 1 Gb/s and -30 dBm at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s,and the total mean-square noise curren t〈i2n〉=5×10-15 A2 at a bit rate of 1 Gb/s an d〈i2n〉 =10-12 A2 at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s,and a 3-dB bandwidth of 10 GHz.

关键词： Hg HFET Sensitivity analysis of an HgCdTe based photovoltaic receiver for long-wavelength free space optical communication systems free

InAs/InAsSb Avalanche photodiode (ApD) for applicaions in long-wavelength infrared region

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Optoelectronics Letters 2008年第5期4卷 342-346页

作者： p.K.Maurya H.Agarwal A.Singh p.chakrabarti Center for Research in Microelectronics Department of Electronics EngineeringInstitute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

A generic numerical model of a long-wavelength Avalanche photodiode （ApD） based on narrow bandgap semiconductor InAsSb on InAs substrate is reported for the first time. This model has been applied for theoretical characterization of a proposed N^＋ InAS/p-InAsSb avalanche photodiode structure for possible application in 2-5 μm wavelength region. The parameters such as gain, excess noise factor and their trade-off with variation of doping concentration and bias voltage have been estimated for the ApD taking into account history-dependent theory of avalanche multiplication process, The LWIR ApD is expected to fred application in optical gas sensor and in future generation of optical communication system.

关键词：长波长紫外线区域雪崩二极管数字模型

Ultraviolet ZnO photodetectors with High Gain

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2010年第1期8卷 55-59页

作者： Ghusoon M.Ali S.Singh p.chakrabarti Centre for Research in Microelectronics Department of Electronics EngineeringInstitute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

Fabrication and characterization of metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet （MSM UV） photodetector based on ZnO ultra thin （nano scale） films with pd Schottky contact are reported. The ZnO thin film was grown on glass substrate by thermal oxidation of preeposited zinc films using vacuum deposition technique. With applied voltage in the range from -3V to 3V, the contrast ratio, responsivity, and detectivity for an incident radiation of 0.1 mW at 365 nm wavelength were estimated. The proposed device exhibited a high gain which was attributed to the hole trapping at semiconductor-metal interface. I-V characteristics were studied and the parameters, such as ideality factor, leakage current, resistance-areaproduct, and barrier height, were extracted from the measured data.

关键词： Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM),Schottky contacts ultraviolet (UV) detector zinc oxide(ZnO).

Metaverse for mental health disorders:Opportunities and challenges

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第4期13卷 8-14页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012UTIndia

Several articles on the mental health impact of the metaverse and the need to balance its potential benefits with the risks of metaverse use has recently *** metaverse consists of a combination of immersive technologies and artificial intelligence *** metaverse differs from the preceding digital psychiatric interventions due to its complex structure and interactions between *** diverse functions of the metaverse ensure that it may have a substantial impact on mental ***,the evidence for its efficacy in treating mental health disorders is limited to a few *** mental health benefits of immersive technologies are well-documented and suggest that metaverse-based psychiatric treatment may be similarly *** mental health risks of the metaverse are largely unknown,and it is not clear whether they will be greater than other digital psychiatric *** more research is needed to determine whether metaverse-based psychiatric treatment will meet the standards of appropriate mental healthcare.

关键词： Metaverse Mental health Benefits Risks Challenges

Analytical modeling and ATLAS simulation for a homojunction LED in the mid-infrared spectral region

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Optoelectronics Letters 2009年第6期5卷 417-421页

作者： Sanjeev p. chakrabarti Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMJP Rohilkhand University Centre for Research in Microelectronics(CRME) Department of Electronics EngineeringInstitute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu University

A generic analytical model and the ATLAS simulation of a homojunction light emitting diode(LED) based on p+-InAs0.91Sb0.09/n0-InAs0.91Sb0.09/n+-InAs0.91Sb0.09 materials grown on lattice matched p+-GaSb substrate are *** LED is suitable for use as source in the optical absorption gas spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral region at 300 *** various electro-optical properties of the homojunction LED are evaluated using analytical techniques and ATLAS device simulation *** current-voltage characteristics of the structure are computed analytically and simulated,and the results are found to be in good *** output power of the homojunction LED is estimated as a function of bias current under high carrier injection and compared with the reported experimental results.

关键词：发光二极管灯 ATLAS 同质结红外谱仿真功率LED 高技术条件建模

Hydro-chemical study of the evolution of interstellar pre-biotic molecules during the collapse of molecular clouds

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第12期12卷 1613-1624页

作者： Liton Majumdar Ankan Das Sandip K. chakrabarti Sonali chakrabarti Indian Centre for Space physics Chalantika 43Garia Station RoadKolkata-700084India S.N.Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Salt LakeKolkata-700098India Maharaja Manindra Chandra College 20 Ramakanto Bose StreetKolkata-700003India

One of the stumbling blocks for studying the evolution of interstellar molecules is the lack of adequate knowledge about the rate coefficients of various reactions which take place in the interstellar medium and molecular *** theoretical models of rate coefficients do exist in the literature for computing abundances of complex pre-biotic *** far these have been used to study the abundances of these molecules in ***,in order to obtain more accurate final compositions in these media,we have calculated the rate coefficients for the formation of some of the most important interstellar pre-biotic molecules by using quantum chemical *** use these rates inside our hydro-chemical model to examine the chemical evolution and final abundances of pre-biotic species during the collapsing phase of a *** find that a significant amount of various pre-biotic molecules could be produced during the collapse phase of a *** thoroughly study the formation of these molecules via successive neutral-neutral and radical-radical/radicalmolecular *** present the time evolution of the chemical species with an emphasis on how the production of these molecules varies with the depth of a cloud. We compare the formation of adenine in interstellar space using our rate-coefficients and using those obtained from existing theoretical *** routes of the pre-biotic molecules are found to be highly dependent on the abundances of the reactive species and the rate coefficients involved in the *** presence of grains strongly affects the abundances of the gas phase *** also carry out a comparative study between different pathways available for the synthesis of adenine,alanine, glycine and other molecules considered in our *** the huge abundances of the neutral reactive species,production of adenine is found to be strongly dominated by the radical-radical/radical-molecular reaction *** all the reactio

关键词： ISM clouds-astrochemistry-stars formation

Bipolar disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-Eleventh version:A review of the changes,their basis,and usefulness

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World Journal of psychiatry 2022年第12期12卷 1335-1355页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research(PGIMER)Chandigarh 160012UTIndia

The World Health Organization’s 11^(th)revision of the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11)including the chapter on mental disorders has come into effect this *** review focuses on the“Bipolar or Related Disorders”section of the ICD-11 *** describes the benchmarks for the new version,particularly the foremost principle of clinical *** alterations made to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder(BD)are evaluated on their scientific basis and clinical *** change in the diagnostic requirements for manic and hypomanic episodes has been much *** the current criteria have achieved an optimum balance between sensitivity and specificity is still not *** ICD-11 definition of depressive episodes is substantially different,but the lack of empirical support for the changes has meant that the reliability and utility of bipolar depression are relatively *** the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,5th edition(DSM-5),the ICD-11 has retained the category of mixed *** the concept of mixed episodes in the ICD-11 is not perfect,it appears to be more inclusive than the DSM-5 ***,there are some uncertainties about the guidelines for the subtypes of BD and cyclothymic *** initial results on the reliability and clinical utility of BD are promising,but the newly created diagnostic categories also appear to have some *** further improvement and research are needed,the focus should now be on facing the challenges of implementation,dissemination,and education and training in the use of these guidelines.

关键词： ICD-11 guidelines Bipolar disorder Utility Reliability

Treatment alliance and adherence in bipolar disorder

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World Journal of psychiatry 2018年第5期8卷 114-124页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)

The clinician patient relationship lies at the core of psychiatric practice and delivery of mental health care services. The concept of treatment alliance in psychiatry has its origins in psychotherapy, but has also been influenced by several other constructs such as patientcentred care(pCC) and shared decision-making(SDM). Similarly, there has been a shift in conceptualization of treatment-adherence in psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder(BD) from illness-centred and clinician-centred approaches to patient-centred ones. Moreover, the traditional compliance based models are being replaced by those based on concordance between clinicians and patients. Newer theories of adherence in BD place considerable emphasis on patient related factors and the clinician patient alliance is considered to be one of the principal determinants of treatment-adherence in BD. Likewise, current notions of treatment alliance in BD also stress the importance of equal and collaborative relationships, sensitivity to patients' viewpoints, sharing of knowledge, and mutual responsibility and agreement regarding decisions related to treatment. Accumulated evidence from quantitative research, descriptive accounts, qualitative studies and trials of psychosocial interventions indicates that efficacious treatment alliances have a positive influence on adherence in BD. Then again, research on the alliance-adherence link in BD lags behind the existing literature on the subject in other medical and psychiatric conditions in terms of the size and quality of the evidence, the consistency of its findings and clarity about underlying processes mediating this link. Nevertheless, the elements of an effective alliance which could have a positive impact on adherence in BD are reasonably clear and include pCC, collaborative relationships, SDM, open communication, trust, support, and stability and continuity of the relationship. Therefore, clinicians involved in the care of BD would do well to follow

关键词： Treatment Alliance Adherence Bipolar disorder Components Mediators

Clozapine resistant schizophrenia:Newer avenues of management

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World Journal of psychiatry 2021年第8期11卷 429-448页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

About 40%-70%of the patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia have a poor response to adequate treatment with *** impact of clozapineresistant schizophrenia(CRS)is even greater than that of treatment resistance in terms of severe and persistent symptoms,relapses and hospitalizations,poorer quality of life,and healthcare *** serious consequences often compel clinicians to try different augmentation strategies to enhance the inadequate clozapine response in ***,a large body of evidence has shown that antipsychotics,antidepressants,mood stabilizers,electroconvulsive therapy,and cognitive-behavioural therapy are mostly ineffective in augmenting clozapine *** beneficial effects of augmentation have been found,they are usually small and of doubtful clinical significance or based on low-quality ***,newer treatment approaches that go beyond the evidence are *** options proposed include developing a clinical consensus about the augmentation strategies that are most likely to be effective and using them sequentially in patients with ***,newer approaches such as augmentation with long-acting antipsychotic injections or multi-component psychosocial interventions could be ***,perhaps the most effective way to deal with CRS would be to optimize clozapine treatment,which might prevent clozapine resistance from *** dosing,adequate treatment durations,management of side effects and non-adherence,collaboration with patients and caregivers,and addressing clinician barriers to clozapine use are the principal ways of ensuring optimal clozapine *** present,these three options could the best way to manage CRS until research provides more firm directions about the effective options for augmenting clozapine response.

关键词： Clozapine-resistance Augmentation Medications Electroconvulsive therapy psychosocial treatments Schizophrenia