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physiological and Molecular Features of the pathosystem Arabidopsis thaliana L.-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Libert

Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2006年第1期48卷 44-52页

作者： Fu-Ming Dai Tong Xu Gerhard A. wolf Zu-Hua He College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Institute of plant physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Institute of plant pathology Georg-August University Goettingen Goettingen 37077 Germany

The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Libert causes rot diseases on many crops worldwide and large economic losses occur frequently because of a lack of resistant varieties. The pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum and the molecular basis of plant responses to the pathogen are poorly understood. In the present investigation, the process of S. sclerotiorum infection in Arabidopsis thaliana L., a plant that is highly susceptible to this fungus, was analysed. In addition, the defense activation in the host was investigated. A convenient inoculation method using millet grain was developed for S. sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis. The fungus rapidly infected the plants, probably through ball- or cushion-like infection structures. Visible symptoms developed within 24 h and plants were killed 72 h after inoculation. Cellulase, the main enzyme that caused host tissues to rot, was secreted by S. sclerotiorum in a pH-dependent manner. Oxalic acid, another pathogenic factor secreted by the fungus, induced necrotic lesions on the leaves, infection with S. sclerotiorum strongly induced the production of the pathogenesis-related （pR） proteins β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the pR gene pDF. 1 was induced, but not pR1, indicating that the pathogen activated basal defense of jasmonic acid/ethylene dependence, which is consistent with its necrotrophic characteristics. This pathosystem for Arabidopsis-S. sclerotiorum could provide an approach for the analysis of the interactions between S. sclerotiorum and other crops, thereby facilitating genetic manipulation techniques for controlling this pathogen.

关键词： Arabidopsis defense pathogenesis pathosystem Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

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Surface roughness of zirconia for full-contour crowns after clinically simulated grinding and polishing

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第4期6卷 241-246页

作者： Rim Hmaidouch wolf-Dieter Mller Hans-Christoph Lauer paul Weigl Department of prosthodontics and Geriatric Dentistry Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Department of prosthodontics and Geriatric Dentistry University of Medicine Charite Department of postgraduate Education Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled intraoral grinding and polishing on the roughness of full-contour zirconia compared to classical veneered zirconia. Thirty bar-shaped zirconia specimens were fabricated and divided into two groups（n515）. Fifteen specimens（group 1） were glazed and 15 specimens（group 2） were veneered with feldspathic ceramic and then glazed. prior to grinding,maximum roughness depth（Rmax） values were measured using a profilometer, 5 times per specimen. Simulated clinical grinding and polishing were performed on the specimens under water coolant for 15 s and 2 N pressure. For grinding, NTI diamonds burs with grain sizes of 20 mm, 10 mm, and 7.5 mm were used sequentially. The ground surfaces were polished using NTI kits with coarse, medium and fine polishers. After each step, Rmaxvalues were determined. Differences between groups were examined using one-way analysis of variance（ANOVA）. The roughness of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2. The roughness increased significantly after coarse grinding in both groups. The results after glazing were similar to those obtained after fine grinding for non-veneered zirconia. However, fine-ground veneered zirconia had significantly higher roughness than venerred, glazed zirconia. No significant difference was found between fine-polished and glazed zirconia, but after the fine polishing of veneered zirconia, the roughness was significantly higher than after *** can be concluded that for full-contour zirconia, fewer defects and lower roughness values resulted after grinding and polishing compared to veneered zirconia. After polishing zirconia, lower roughness values were achieved compared to glazing; more interesting was that the grinding of glazed zirconia using the NTI three-step system could deliver smooth surfaces comparable to untreated glazed zirconia surfaces.

关键词： full-contour zirconia grinding polishing roughness veneering porcelain

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FpGA-based system design 英文版

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丛书名：经典原版书库

2005年

作者： wolf Wayne Hendrix.

本书首先介绍了VLSI的要点, 包括其制造、电路、互联、组合、顺序逻辑设计以及系统体系, 其次介绍了反映现代VLSI设计方法的知识。

ISBN: (纸本)7111172671

本书首先介绍了VLSI的要点, 包括其制造、电路、互联、组合、顺序逻辑设计以及系统体系, 其次介绍了反映现代VLSI设计方法的知识。

关键词： Integrated circuits

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The debris disk candidates:eleven 24μm excess stars in the Spitzer SWIRE fields

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第5期12卷 513-528页

作者： Hong Wu Chao-Jian Wu Chen Cao Sebastian wolf Jing-Yao Hu Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Institute of Space Science and physics Shandong University at Weihai Weihai 264209 China Shandong provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy ＆ Solar-Terrestrial Environment Weihai 264209 China Max planck Institute for Astronomy K6nigstuhl 17 69117 Heidelberg Germany

We present the optical to mid-infrared SEDs of 11 debris disk candidates from Spitzer SWIRE fields. All the candidates are selected from SWIRE 24 μm sources matched with both the SDSS star catalog and the 2MASS point source catalog. They show an excess in the mid-infrared at 24 μm （Ks-[24]vega 〉 0.44）, indicating the presence of a circumstellar dust disk. The observed optical spectra show that they are all late-type main-sequence stars covering the spectral types of FGKM. Their fractional luminosities are well above 5× 10-5, even up to the high fractional luminosity of 1×10-3. The high galactic latitudes of SWIRE fields indicate that most of these candidates could belong to the oldest stars in the thick disk. Our results indicate that high fractional luminosity debris disks could exist in old solar-like star systems, though they are still quite rare. Their discovery at high galactic latitudes also provides an exellent opportunity for further study of the properties and evolution of debris disks in regions of the Galaxy with low densities of ISM, called ISM poor environments.

关键词： infrared stars -- planetary systems protoplanetary disks - stars for marion

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Nutrition and metabolism in burn patients

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第2期5卷 95-106页

作者： Audra Clark Jonathan Imran Tarik Madni Steven E. wolf University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd.Dallas TX 75390 USA

Severe burn causes significant metabolic derangements that make nutritional support uniquely important and challenging for burned patients. Burn injury causes a persistent and prolonged hypermetabolic state and increased catabolism that results in increased muscle wasting and cachexia. Metabolic rates of burn patients can surpass twice normal, and failure to fulfill these energy requirements causes impaired wound healing, organ dysfunction,and susceptibility to infection. Adequate assessment and provision of nutritional needs is imperative to care for these patients. There is no consensus regarding the optimal timing, route, amount, and composition of nutritional support for burn patients, but most clinicians advocate for early enteral nutrition with highcarbohydrate *** support must be individualized, monitored, and adjusted throughout recovery. Further investigation is needed regarding optimal nutritional support and accurate nutritional endpoints and goals.

关键词： Burn Nutrition Metabolism Critical care

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1880-1938

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1880-1938

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作者： wolf Norbert.

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Reconstructing landscapes of ungulate parturition and predation using vegetation phenology

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 275-283页

作者： paige VAN DE VUURST Seth A.MOORE Edmund J.ISAAC Yvette CHENAUX-IBRAHIM Tiffany M.wolf Luis E.ESCOBAR Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Biology and Environment Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior ChippewaGrand PortageMN 55605USA Veterinary population Medicine University of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Enhanced vegetation index(EVI)data can be used to identify and define the space in which ungulates practice parturition and encounter *** study explores the use of EVI data to identify landscapes linked to ungulate parturition and predation events across space,time,and environmental *** a case study,we used the moose population(Alces alces)of northern Minnesota in the *** remotely sensed EVI data rasters and global positioning system collar data,we quantified how vegetation phenology and moose movement shaped the births and predation of 52 moose calves from 2013 to 2020 on or adjacent to the Grand portage Indian *** known sources of predation were American black bears(Ursus americanus,n=22)and gray wolves(Canis lupus,n=28).Satellite-derived data summarizing seasonal landscape features at the local level revealed that landscape heterogeneity use by moose can help to quantitatively identify landscapes of parturition and predation in space and time across large *** phenology proved to be differentiable between adult moose ranges,sites of cow parturition,and sites of calf *** characteristics of each moose group were consistent and tractable based on environment,suggesting that sites of parturition and predation of moose are predictable in space and *** is possible that moose selected specific landscapes for parturition despite risk of increased predation of their calves,which could be an example of an"ecological trap."This analytical framework can be employed to identify areas for future ungulate research on the impacts of landscape on parturition and predation dynamics.

关键词： bear EVI moose parturition predation prey vegetation phenology

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Landscape painting

Landscape painting

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作者： Norbert wolf.

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Caspar David Friedrich

Caspar David Friedrich

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作者： Norbert wolf.

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Trends and outcomes of liver transplantation among older recipients in the United States

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第8期12卷 259-267页

作者： Kenji Okumura Joon Sub Lee Abhay Dhand Hiroshi Sogawa Gregory Veillette Devon John Ryosuke Misawa Roxana Bodin David C wolf Thomas Diflo Seigo Nishida Department of Surgery Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical CollegeValhallaNY 10595United States

BACKGROUND The average age of recipients and donors of liver transplantation(LT)is *** there has been a change in the indications for LT over the years,data regarding the trends and outcomes of LT in the older population is *** To assess the clinical characteristics,age-related trends,and outcomes of LT among the older population in the United *** We analyzed data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between *** sample was split into younger group(18-64 years old)and older group(≥65 years old).RESULTS Between 1987-2019,155758 LT were performed in the United *** this period there was a rise in median age of the recipients and percentage of LT recipients who were older than 65 years increased(ppopulation seen in 2019(1920,23%).Common primary etiologies of liver disease leading to LT in older patients when compared to the younger group,were non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(16.4%vs 5.9%),hepatocellular carcinoma(14.9%vs 6.9%),acute liver failure(2.5%vs 5.2%),hepatitis C cirrhosis(HCV)(19.2%vs 25.6%)and acute alcoholic hepatitis(0.13%vs 0.35%).In older recipient group female sex and Asian race were higher,while model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and rates of preoperative mechanical ventilation were lower(ppositive status,and donor risk index(DRI)were significantly higher in older group(ppost-transplant length of hospitalization,one-year,three-year and five-year graft survivals between the two *** multivariable Cox-Hazard regression analysis,older group had an increased risk of graft failure during the five-year post-transplant period(hazard ratio:1.27,ppients were male sex,African American race,re-transplantation,presence of diabetes,mechanical ventilation at th

关键词： Liver transplant Elderly Outcomes Hepatocellular carcinoma Nonalcohol steatohepatitis

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