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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim peter A.Zoss Terry L.powley Hyowon Lee Matthew p.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAp)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

A theoretical study on the elastic deformation of cellular phase and creation of necrosis due to the convection reaction process inside a spherical tumor

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2016年第6期9卷 273-306页

作者： Bibaswan Dey G. p. raja Sekhar Department of MathematicsIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India

Several biological processes, such as convective nutrient transport and convective drug delivery in biological tissues involves the transvascular and interstitial movement of biofluids. This work addresses transvascular and interstitial transport of nutrient inside a spherical tumor. Most of the biological tissues behave like deformable porous materiM and show mechanical behavior towards the fluid motion, due to the fact, that the forces like the drag, which is associated with fluid flow may compress the tissue material. On the macroscopic level, transport of solutes like nutrients, drug molecules, etc. within the tumor interstitial space is modeled. The hydrodynamic problem is treated with biphasic mixture theory under steady state and spherically symmetry situation. The transvascular transport of nutrient is modeled with the modified Sterling＇s equation. The present model describes the overall nutrient distribution and predicts various criteria for the necrosis formation inside the tumor. present study justifies that the parameters, which controls the nutrient supply to the tumor interstitial space through the blood vessel network inside the tumor, competes with reversible nutrient consumption kinetics of the tumor cells. This study also finds the role of some of those parameters on the deformation of cellular phase of the tumor as a consequence of interstitial fluid flow.

关键词： Tumor vasculature isolated tumor biphasic mixture theory effectivenessfactor necrotic core.

Multi-scale habitat influences sprainting and group size of a freshwater-obligate smooth-coated otter(Lutrogale perspicillata) in Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve, India

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Ecological processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit Moun p.Ramesh Kumar M.Malathi priya T.Ramesh Riddhika Kalle Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Deputy Conservator of Forests Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deputy Conservator of Forests Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background The impact of changing land-use patterns and associated anthropogenic threats on scale-dependent habitat use of semi-aquatic mustelids in scent-marking and social behaviour can provide important insights into the habitat ecology of smooth-coated otters(Lutrogale perspicillata).Methods We sampled 180 stream segments(100–400 m) as spatial replicates of 60 1-km2 sites to record indirect evidence(i.e. spraints and mass latrine sites) and group sizes of smooth-coated otters along the Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve(TOCR) during the dry season. To quantify habitat, we recorded stream characteristics, riparian vegetation, and anthropogenic disturbances at the local scale, and hydro-environmental characteristics and land uses at the landscape scale. Using Markovian-chain detection and occupancy models, we assessed the multi-scale habitat use of otters in their selection of suitable areas for scent-marking based on repeated presence-absence data on spraint/latrine locations along the TOCR. We further used linear regression techniques to explore relationships between the number of individuals in smooth-coated otter group and hydro-environmental characteristics, spraint/latrine encounter rate, anthropogenic pressure, land cover, topography, and *** At the local scale, the probability of spraint deposition and group size decreased with anthropogenic disturbance while the probability of spraint detections decreased with grass cover. At the landscape scale, the probability of otter site use for spraint deposition and group sizes increased in southeast flowing streams. Spraint deposition increased with the proportion of sugarcane fields, whereas in contrast, group size decreased with proportion of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight the first empirical evidence on multi-scale habitat use of a southern Indian population of smooth-coated otters in an inland freshwater ecosystem surrounded by the scrub jungle–agriculture matrix. We sug

关键词： presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwater ecosystem Semi-aquatic mammal Smooth-coated otter

Q-Learning-Based pesticide Contamination prediction in Vegetables and Fruits

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 715-736页

作者： Kandasamy Sellamuthu vishnu Kumar Kaliappan Department of Computer Science and Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore641407Tamil NaduIndia

pesticides have become more necessary in modern agricultural ***,these pesticides have an unforeseeable long-term impact on people's wellbeing as well as the *** to a shortage of basic pesticide exposure awareness,farmers typically utilize pesticides extremely close to *** residues within foods,particularly fruits as well as veggies,are a significant issue among farmers,merchants,and particularly *** residual concentrations were far lower than these maximal allowable limits,with only a few surpassing the restrictions for such pesticides in *** is an obligation to provide a warning about this amount of pesticide use in *** technologies failed to forecast the large number of pesticides that were dangerous to people,necessitating the development of improved detection and early warning systems.A novel methodology for verifying the status and evaluating the level of pesticides in regularly consumed veggies as well as fruits has been identified,named as the Hybrid Chronic Multi-Residual Framework(HCMF),in which the harmful level of used pesticide residues has been predicted for contamination in agro products using Q-Learning based Recurrent Neural Network and the predicted contamination levels have been analyzed using Complex Event processing(CEp)by processing given spatial and sequential *** analysis results are used to minimize and effectively use pesticides in the agricultural field and also ensure the safety of farmers and ***,the technique is carried out in a python environment,with the results showing that the proposed model has a 98.57%accuracy and a training loss of 0.30.

关键词： pesticide contamination complex event processing recurrent neural network Q learning multi residual level and contamination level

The potential of glutamine supplementation in reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： peter H.Selle Shemil p.Macelline Mehdi Toghyani Sonia Yun Liu poultry Research Foundation within the University of Sydney CamdenNSW 2570Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenNSW 2570Australia

This review explores the potential of including glutamine,a so-called non-essential amino acid,in the formulation of reduced-crude protein(Cp)diets for broiler *** is a precedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp *** this is due to decreases in non-essential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp diets—an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp without amino acid *** situation for glutamine is complicated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely provided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are reported on a combined basis as glutamic *** dietary requirement for glutamic acid is approximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp levels are progressively *** is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken protein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic plasma where it has been shown to provide 22.6%(139.9 of 620.3μg/mL)of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp,wheat-based *** addition to dietary intakes,glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia(NH3)catalysed by glutamine synthetase,a reaction that is pivotal to NH3 *** and NH3 are converted to glutamine by phosphate-dependent glutaminase in the reciprocal reaction;thus,glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino ***,the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rapidly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are probably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp *** many functional roles of glutamine,including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis,then become *** feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine supplementation,usually 10 g/kg,was evaluated in birds kept under thermoneutral ***

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine

Simulation and experimentation of propeller-Savonius turbine tested underwater surface

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Clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Sri Wuryanti Teguh Sasono Bambang p.Manunggal Wahyu B.Mursanto Sugianto Department of Energy Conversion Engineering Politeknik Negeri BandungIndonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri BandungIndonesia

Indonesia’s vast maritime territory offers a unique opportunity for harnessing the potential Energy of seawater *** study explores the effectiveness of a combined Savonius and propeller-type turbine *** Savonius turbine,known for its efficiency in capturing ocean currents due to its large sweep area,is combined with a propeller-type turbine to enhance rotational speed and power generation.A novel approach is employed to induce turbulence and optimize energy extraction,first channeling water through the propeller turbine and then into the Savonius turbine.A comprehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and experimental tests within a controlled tunnel *** study explores the performance of two-bladed and three-bladed propeller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities(0.1,0.3,0.6 and 1.0 m/s).The simulation incorporates a turbulence model with 5%intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 *** indicate that the proposed configuration achieves a maximum power output of 2.0293 W with an impressive efficiency of 63.339%in ***,experimental testing yields a peak efficiency of 61.335%and turbine power of 0.3951 *** findings demonstrate the feasibility of the combined turbine system and highlight the importance of turbulence in optimizing energy extraction from seawater *** research contributes valuable insights into the design and performance of hybrid turbines for harnessing oceanic Energy,emphasizing the potential for sustainable power generation in maritime *** methodology and results presented herein offer a foundation for further exploration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies.

关键词： hydro-turbine propeller-Savonius renewable energy water

Ab initio density response and local field factor of warm dense hydrogen

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 48-67页

作者： Tobias Dornheim Sebastian Schwalbe panagiotis Tolias Maximilian p.Böhme Zhandos A.Moldabekov Jan Vorberger Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS) D-02826 GörlitzGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(HZDR) D-01328 DresdenGermany Space and plasma physics Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)Stockholm SE-10044Sweden Technische Universität Dresden D-01062 DresdenGermany

We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(pIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed *** full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system,and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two *** full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions,and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray Thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion *** pIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications,including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical ***,they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or pIMC within the fixed-node approximation.

关键词： local incomplete rigorous

A functional gel polymer electrolyte based on pVDF-HFp/gelatin toward dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2790-2799页

作者： Xiaoyi Hu Kangli Liu Shijie Zhang Guosheng Shao S.Ravi p.Silva peng Zhang State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute(ZMGI) ZhongyuanzhiguXingyang 450100China Nanoelectronics Center Advanced Technology InstituteUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK

The leakage of liquid electrolyte and the formation of lithium dendrites pose challenges to safety and stability of lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The appearance of gel polymer electrolyte(GpE)has obviously improved the safety of traditional ***,the limited inhibition of GpE on lithium dendrites is detrimental to the safety of ***,a kind of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(pVDF-HFp)/gelatin(GN)GpE with high ionic conductivity,high-temperature resistance,and flame-retardancy,was prepared by electrospinning and soaking *** the electrospinning network of pVDF-HFp,its affinity to liquid electrolytes,makes this GpE more beneficial to ions transport and the formation of ***,the GN with sol–gel properties,enhances the mechanical property(13.5 Mpa)of HFp-GN ***,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XpS)and density functional theory(DFT)suggest that the attraction of polar groups of GN to Li+can regulate the distribution of Li+and protect Li ***,the application of HFp-GN GpEs to LMBs with cathodes of LiFepO_(4) and LiCoO_(2) deliver excellent electrochemical performances:after 300 cycles,the LiFepO_(4)/HFp-GN GpE/Li battery keeps a low capacity decay rate of 0.09%at 5 C;after 400 cycles at 2 C,the LiCoO_(2)/HFp-GN GpE/Li cell retains a high capacity retention of 74%.This GpE is demonstrated for the application prospect of safe LMBs.

关键词： poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(pVDF-HFp) gelatin polar groups lithium metal battery lithium dendrite

The interaction of the structure-directing agent with the zeolite framework determines germanium distribution in SCM-15 germanosilicate

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 105-114页

作者： Stoyan p.Gramatikov petko St.petkov Zhendong Wang Weimin Yang Georgi N.Vayssilov Faculty of Chemistry and pharmacy University of Sofia1126 SofiaBulgaria State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201208China

We report results from computational modeling of the relative stability of germanosilicate SCM-15 structure due to different distribution of germanium heteroatoms in the double four-member rings(D4Rs)of the framework and the orientation of the structure directing agent(SDA)molecules in the as-synthesized *** calculated relative energies of the bare zeolite framework suggest that structures with germanium ions clustered in the same D4Rs,e.g.,with large number of Ge–O-Ge contacts,are the most *** simulations of various orientations of the SDA in the pores of the germanosilicate zeolite show different stability order-the most stable models are the structures with germanium spread among all ***,for SCM-15 the stabilization due to the presence of the SDA and their orientation,is thermodynamic factor directing both the formation of specific framework type and Ge distribution in the framework during the *** relative stability of bare structures with different germanium distribution is of minor *** differs from SCM-14 germanosilicate,reported earlier,for which the stability order is preserved in presence of ***,even for zeolites with the same chemical composition and SDA,the characteristics of their framework lead to different energetic preference for germanium distribution.

关键词： zeolite density functional theory structure-directing agent SCM-15