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Modeling measles transmission in adults and children:Implications to vaccination for eradication

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1007-1026页

作者： Anjana pokharel Khagendra Adhikari ramesh Gautam Kedar Nath Uprety Naveen K.vaidya padma Kanya Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Mathematical Biology research Center KathmanduNepal Amrit Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal ratna rajya Laxmi Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Central Department of Mathematics Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Computational Science research Center San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Viral Information Institute San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA

Despite the availability of successful vaccines,measles outbreaks have occurred frequently in recent years,presumably due to the lack of proper vaccination ***,measles cases in adult groups,albeit small in number,indicate that the previously neglected adult group may need to be brought into vaccine coverage to achieve WHO's goal of measles eradication from the *** this study,we develop a novel transmission dynamics model to describe measles cases in adults and children to evaluate the role of adult infection in persistent measles cases and vaccination programs for *** of our model,validated by measles cases from outbreaks in Nepal,provides the vaccination reproduction number(conditions for measles eradication or persistence)and the role of contact network *** results highlight that while children are primary targets for measles outbreaks,a small number of infections in adults may act as a reservoir for measles,causing obstacles to ***,our model analysis shows that while impactful controls can be achieved by children-focused vaccines,a combined adult-child vaccination program may help assert eradication of the disease.

关键词： Measles eradication Measles reservoir Adult-child vaccination Adults and children groups Nepal

Clinical profile and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary Budd-Chiari syndrome

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 699-715页

作者： Ankit Agarwal Sagnik Biswas Shekhar Swaroop Arnav Aggarwal Ayush Agarwal Gautam Jain Anshuman Elhence Arun vaidya Amit Gupte ravi Mohanka ramesh Kumar Ashwani Kumar Mishra Shivanand Gamanagatti Shashi Bala paul Subrat Kumar Acharya Akash Shukla Shalimar Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM HospitalMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Liver Transplant and HpB Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India professor of Biostatistics National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre(NDDTC)All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia

BACKGrOUND There is scant literature on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS).AIM To assess the magnitude,clinical characteristics,feasibility,and outcomes of treatment in *** A total of 904 BCS patients from New Delhi,India and 1140 from Mumbai,India were *** prevalence and incidence of HCC were determined,and among patients with BCS-HCC,the viability and outcomes of interventional therapy were *** In the New Delhi cohort of 35 BCS-HCC patients,18 had HCC at index presentation(prevalence 1.99%),and 17 developed HCC over a follow-up of 4601 person-years,[incidence 0.36(0.22-0.57)per 100 person-years].BCS-HCC patients were older when compared to patients with BCS alone(p=0.001)and had a higher proportion of inferior vena cava block,cirrhosis,and long-segment vascular *** median alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in patients with BCS-HCC at first presentation than those who developed HCC at follow-up(13029 ng/mL vs 500 ng/mL,p=0.01).Of the 35 BCS-HCC,26(74.3%)underwent radiological interventions for BCS,and 22(62.8%)patients underwent treatment for HCC[transarterial chemoembolization in 18(81.8%),oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor in 3(13.6%),and transarterial radioembolization in 1(4.5%)].The median survival among patients who underwent interventions for HCC compared with those who did not was 3.5 years vs 3.1 mo(p=0.0001).In contrast to the New Delhi cohort,the Mumbai cohort of BCS-HCC patients were predominantly males,presented with a more advanced HCC[Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C and D],and 2 patients underwent liver *** HCC is not uncommon in patients with *** interventions and liver transplantation are feasible in select primary BCS-HCC patients and may improve outcomes.

关键词： Budd chiari syndrome Cancer Cirrhosis Thrombosis Liver Varices Transarterial chemoembolization Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction

The potential for Genotype-by-Environment Interactions to Maintain Genetic Variation in a Model Legume–rhizobia Mutualism

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plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 100-111页

作者： priya vaidya John r.Stinchcombe Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of TorontoTorontoON M5S3B2Canada Koffler Scientific reserve at Joker’s Hill University of TorontoTorontoON M5S3B2Canada

The maintenance of genetic variation in mutualism-related traits is key for understanding mutualism evolution,yet the mechanisms maintaining variation remain *** asked whether genotype-byenvironment(G3E)interaction is a potential mechanism maintaining variation in the model legume–rhizobia system,Medicago truncatula–Ensifer *** planted 50 legume genotypes in a greenhouse under ambient light and shade to reflect reduced carbon availability for *** found an expected reduction under shaded conditions for plant performance traits,such as leaf number,aboveground and belowground biomass,and a mutualism-related trait,nodule *** also found G3E for nodule number,with83%of this interaction due to shifts in genotype fitness rank order across light environments,coupled with strong positive directional selection on nodule number regardless of light *** results suggest that G3E can maintain genetic variation in a mutualism-related trait that is under consistent positive directional selection across light environments.

关键词： mutualism evolution genetic variation genotype-by-environment interaction Medicago truncatula light availability partner quality

role of “reduced-size” liver/bowel grafts in the “abdominal wall transplantation” era

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第9期9卷 186-192页

作者： Augusto Lauro Anil vaidya Liver and Multiorgan Transplant Unit St Orsola University Hospital Department of Transplant Surgery Oxford University Hospital

The evolution of multi-visceral and isolated intestinal transplant techniques over the last 3 decades has highlighted the technical challenges related to the closure of the abdomen at the end of the *** key factors that contribute to this challenge include:(1) Volume/edema of donor graft;and(2) loss of abdominal domain in the *** being able to close the abdominal wall leads to a variety of complications and morbidity that range from complex ventral hernias to bowel *** the end of the 90's this challenge was overcome by graft reduction during the donor operation or bench table procedure(especially reducing liver and small intestine),as well as techniques to increase the volume of abdominal cavity by pre-operative expansion *** reports from a few groups have demonstrated the ability of transplanting a full-thickness,vascularized abdominal wall from the same ***,a spectrum of techniques have co-evolved with multivisceral and intestinal transplantation,ranging from graft reduction to enlarging the volume of the abdominal *** of these techniques are free from complications,however in large-volume centers the combinations of both(graft reduction and abdominal widening,sometimes used in the same patient) could decrease the adverse events related to recipient's closure,allowing a faster *** quest for a solution to this unique challenge has led to the proposal and implementation of innovative solutions to enlarge the abdominal cavity.

关键词： Abdominal wall transplant reduced-size graft combined liver-bowel transplantation

Influenza Viral Membrane Deformation Due to refolding of HA-protein:Two-dimensional Model and Analysis

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2010年第2期2卷 160-182页

作者： Naveen K.vaidya Huaxiong Huang Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group MS K710Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics York UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3Canada

In this paper we study influenza viral membrane deformation related to the refolding of Hemagglutinin(HA)*** focus of the paper is to understand membrane deformation and budding due to experimentally observed linear HA-protein clusters,which have not been mathematically studied *** viral membrane is modeled as a two dimensional incompressible lipid bilayer with bending *** tensionless membranes,we derive an analytical solution while for membrane under tension we solve the problem *** solution for tensionless membranes shows that the height of membrane deformation increases monotonically with the bending moment exerted by HA-proteins and attains its maximum when the size of the protein cluster reaches a critical *** results also show that the hypothesis of dimple formation proposed in the literature is valid in the two dimensional *** comparative study of axisymmetric HA-clusters and linear HA-clusters reveals that the linear HA-clusters are not favorable to provide a sufficient energy required to overcome an energy barrier for a successful fusion,despite their capability to cause membrane deformation and budding.

关键词： Hemagglutinin protein Influenza virus Membrane deformation Membrane fusion

Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Interaction between Hemagglutinin Fusion peptides and Lipid Bilayer Membranes

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2010年第4期2卷 430-450页

作者： Naveen K.vaidya Huaxiong Huang Shu Takagi Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group MS K710Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545 USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics York UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3 Canada Organ and Body Scale Team Computational Science Research ProgramRiken Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of TokyoTokyoJapan

Microscopic level interaction between fusion-peptides and lipid bilayer membranes plays a crucial role in membrane fusion,a key step of viral *** this paper,we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics(CGMD)simulations to study the interaction between hemagglutinin fusion-peptides and phospholipid bilayer *** CGMD,we are able to simulate the interaction of fusion peptides with a relatively large piece of membrane for a sufficiently long time period,which is necessary for a detailed understanding of the fusion process.A conformation of the peptide with a kink at the level of phosphate group is obtained,consistent with NMr and Epr *** results show that the N-terminal segment of the peptide inserts more deeply into the membrane bilayer compared to the C-terminal segment,as observed in previous *** simulations also show that the presence of fusion peptides inside the membrane may cause bilayer thinning and lipid molecule ***,our results reveal that peptides tend to aggregate,indicating cluster formation as seen in many experiments.

关键词： Coarse-grained molecular dynamics fusion peptide hemagglutinin protein phospholipid bilayer membrane fusion

risk assessment framework for power control systems with pMU-based intrusion response system

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2015年第3期3卷 321-331页

作者： Jie YAN Manimaran GOVINDArASU Chen-Ching LIU Ming NI Umesh vaidya Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Market Engineering MISOCarmelIN 46032USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99165USA NArI Technology Co.Ltd. Nanjing 211106China

Cyber threats are serious concerns for power *** example,hackers may attack power control systems via interconnected enterprise *** paper proposes a risk assessment framework to enhance the resilience of power systems against cyber *** duality element relative fuzzy evaluation method is employed to evaluate identified security vulnerabilities within cyber systems of power systems *** attack graph is used to identify possible intrusion scenarios that exploit multiple *** intrusion response system(IrS)is developed to monitor the impact of intrusion scenarios on power system dynamics in real *** calculates the conditional Lyapunov exponents(CLEs)on line based on the phasor measurement unit *** system stability is predicted through the values of *** actions based on CLEs will be suggested if power system instability is likely to happen.A generic wind farm control system is used for case *** effectiveness of IrS is illustrated with the IEEE 39 bus system model.

关键词： Cyber security Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) risk assessment Intrusion response system(IrS) Conditional Lyapunov exponents(CLEs) phasor measurement unit(pMU) Voltage instability

Comprehensive geochemical/hydrochemical and geo-thermometry analysis of Unai geothermal field, Gujarat, India

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第1期38卷 145-158页

作者： Manan Shah Anirbid Sircar Nahid Shaikh Karan patel Darshan Sharma Dwijen vaidya School of petroleum Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Wipro Limited Centre of Excellence for Geothermal Energy Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University

The knowledge of water temperature produced from a geothermal reservoir and its composition is of utmost importance in designing utilization strategies, the surface production facilities and in selecting the material to be used. Unai hot springs are located in the southern part of Gujarat, India with discharge temperatures varying from 51 to 56 ℃. With the aim of developing Unai as a potential geothermal field and exploiting it in the future, geochemical and geothermometrical study was undertaken. The samples were collected from various Unai geothermal location and analysis of chemical composition of water obtained from different wells was done. The concentration of Silica, carbonate and ions like Na and Cl have been analyzed to delineate the path of water movement in the subsurface and classify the reservoir based on the *** ratio of the concentration of ions like Na^+ and K^+ and the relative proportions of various sets of ions were also used to characterize the geothermal reservoir and the reservoir fluid by the use of ternary diagrams. Na–K–Ca,Chalcedony, quartz, and Silica geo-thermometers have been studied. The present study also envisages the importance of graphical representations like piper diagram,Scholler etc. to determine variation in hydrochemical facies and to understand the evolution of hydrochemical processes in the Unai geothermal field respectively. The study yields the conclusion that the reservoir under consideration is a low enthalpy reservoir with temperature ranging from 60 to 80 ℃.

关键词： Geothermal energy Hydrochemical Geochemical Geothermometery renewable energy

MELD or MELD-Na as a predictive Model for Mortality Following Transjugular Intrahepatic portosystemic Shunt placement

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第1期11卷 38-44页

作者： Arunkumar Krishnan Tinsay A.Woreta Dhananjay vaidya Yisi Liu James p.Hamilton Kelvin Hong Alia Dadabhai Michelle Ma Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of General Internal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Division of Interventional radiology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Background and Aim:The model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)was originally developed to predict survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIpS).The MELD-sodium(MELD-Na)score has replaced MELD for organ allocation for liver ***,there are limited studies to compare the MELD with MELD-Na to predict mortality after ***:We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent TIpS placement between 2006 and 2016 at our *** primary outcome was mortality,and the secondary outcomes sought to assess which variables could provide prognostic information for mortality after TIpS *** performed receiver operating characteristic(rOC)curve analysis to assess the performance of MELD and ***:There were 186 eligible patients in the *** mean pre-TIpS MELD and MELD-Na were 13 and 15,***,mortality after TIpS was 15%at 30 days and 16.7%at 90 *** a comparison of the areas under the rOCs for MELD and MELD-Na,MELD was superior to MELD-Na for 30-day(0.762 vs.0.709)and 90-day(0.780 vs.0.730)mortality after *** optimal cutoff score for 30-day mortality was 15(0.676–0.848)for MELD and 17(0.610–0.808)for MELD-Na,whereas the optimal cutoff score for 90-day mortality was 16(95%CI:0.705–0.855)for MELD and 17(95%CI:0.643–0.817)for *** were 24 patients with high MELD-Na≥17,but with low MELDrtality in this group was 8.3%.Conclusions:Although MELD-Na is a superior prognostic tool to MELD for predicting overall mortality in cirrhotic patients,MELD tended to outperform MELD-Na to predict mortality after TIpS.

关键词： Cirrhosis portal hypertension Model for end-stage liver disease Sodium Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Outcomes Mortality