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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi p.l.andreoli M.Huault H.larreur D.Singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda D.lattuada G.l.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.petringa A.McNamee M.la Cognata S.palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.De Angelis G.A.p.Cirrone D.Margarone l.Giuffrida D.Batani p.Nicolai K.Batani R.lera l.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de láseres pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre lasers Intenses et Applications(CElIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ElI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of plasma physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 pW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Time-of-flight methodologies with large-area diamond detectors for ion characterization in laser-driven experiments

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High power laser Science and Engineering 2022年第1期10卷 53-63页

作者： M.Salvadori G.Di Giorgio M.Cipriani M.Sciscio C.Verona p.l.andreoli G.Cristofari R.De Angelis M.pillon N.E.Andreev p.Antici N.G.Borisenko D.Giulietti M.Migliorati O.Rosmej S.Zahter F.Consoli Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department ENEAFrascatiItaly INRS-EMT VarennesQCCanada Industrial Engineering Department University of Rome"Tor Vergata"RomeItaly Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscowRussia p.N.lebedev physical Institute RASMoscowRussia Department of physics University of PisaPisaItaly INFN of pisa PisaItaly University of Rome“la Sapienza” RomeItaly INFN of Rome RomeItaly GSI Helmotzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Goethe University Frankfurt FrankfurtGermany

The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter ***,the presence of strong electromagnetic pulses(EMps)generated during the interactions can severely hinder its *** this reason,the diagnostic system must be designed to have high EMp *** we present a new advanced prototype of detector,developed at ENEA-Centro Ricerche Frascati(Italy),with a large-area(15 mm×15 mm)polycrystalline diamond sensor having 150 μm *** tailored detector design and testing ensure high sensitivity and,thanks to the fast temporal response,high-energy resolution of the reconstructed ion *** detector was offline calibrated and then successfully tested during an experimental campaign carried out at the pHElIX laser facility(E_(l)~100 J,τ_(l)=750 fs,I_(l)(1-2.5)×10^(19)W/cm^(2))at GSI(Germany).The high rejection to EMp fields was demonstrated and suitable calibrated spectra of the accelerated protons were obtained.

关键词： diamond detector ion diagnostics laser-matter interaction time of flight

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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs pál Department of physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

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Chronic active and atrophic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the development of gastric cystica profunda

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2308-2310页

作者： Veronika papp pál Miheller Department of Surgery Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1082Hungary

Gastric cystica profunda(GCp)is an uncommon but underestimated gastric *** precancerous potential determines its *** addition to previous mucosa injury due to operations,biopsy or polypectomy,chronic active and atrophic gastritis may also lead to the development of *** carefully examining the stomach and taking biopsy samples from the susceptible regions,the stage of atrophy can be *** atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCps *** frequently occur close to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic *** resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCp.

关键词： Gastric cystica profunda Chronic active gastritis Atrophic gastritis Operative link for Gastritis Assessment staging Early gastric cancer Endoscopic resection

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Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd^(3+)-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.p.l Silva l.A.O.Nunes S.M.lima l.H.C.Andrade Optical and photothermal Spectroscopy Group(GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technology Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of physics of São Carlos University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)processes such as optical reabsorption and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been little explored in the ***,the present work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%)in fluorescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 *** results indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band profiles caused by optical reabsorption of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-relaxation processes.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the reported Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass Fluorescence intensity ratio Optical thermometry Judd-Ofelt Rare earths

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Exact solutions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a permeable axisymmetric radially stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese physics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.Mahabaleshwar G.p.Vanitha l.M.pérez Emad H.Aly I.pop Department of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Departamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Department of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Department of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We report on the magnetohydrodynamic impact on the axisymmetric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanoparticles suspended in H_(2)O past a stretched/shrinked *** the use of partial differential equations and the corresponding thermophysical characteristics of nanoparticles,the physical flow process is *** resultant nonlinear system of partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using the suitable similarity *** transformed differential equations are solved *** of the magnetic parameter,solid volume fraction and stretching/shrinking parameter on momentum and temperature distribution have been analyzed and interpreted *** skin friction and Nusselt number were also *** addition,existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching ***,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better thermal conductivity on comparing with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first solutions of the stream are stable and physically realizable,whereas those of the second ones are unstable.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet axisymmetric flow analytical solution suction/injection

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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon lim peter A.Zoss Terry l.powley Hyowon lee Matthew p.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAp)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

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Solid-liquid extraction for yttrium recovery using porous polymeric resin(XAD-7) functionalized with D_(2)EHpA

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1764-1773,I0005页

作者： p.A.Martínez-Montoya R.G.Sanchez-Alvarado D.Y.Medina-Velazquez M.l.Carrera-Jota p.Garnica-Chávez A.de J.Morales-Ramirez Higher School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries ESIQIEIPNDepartment of Metallurgical EngineeringUPALM S/NCol.LindavistaGustavo A.Madero Cd.de MéxicoC.P07738Mexico Metropolitan Autonomous University Department of MaterialsBasic Sciences and EngineeringAv.San Pablo No.180Col.Reynosa TamaulipasCd.de MéxicoC.P02200Mexico Center for Research and Technological Innovation CIITECIPNCda.de CECATIs/nSanta CatarinaAzcapotzalcoC.P02250CDMXMexico

The recovery of yttrium is proposed by applying a solid-liquid extraction process using di-2-ethyl hexylphosphoric acid(D2EHpA) as extracting *** extracting agents were supported on a macro porous polymeric resin XAD-7(solid phase).Yttrium ions extraction and discharge tests were performed,firstly from a synthetic aqueous solution of 100 mg/l Y(liquid phase) at 25℃ with *** effects of pH of aqueous solutions bearing yttrium,volume fraction of extracting agents and the solid/liquid(S/l)ratio on the yttrium recovery were *** most favorable conditions for yttrium ions extraction are;20 vol% D_(2)EHpA functionalized resin,pH=1.5 and an S/l ratio of 10 mg/ml The discharge of yttrium ions was done under the same conditions of extraction stage,using a 2 mol/l [H_(2)SO_(4)] as stripping *** to 80% yttrium is extracted,while 75% yttrium is recovered in the striping *** all experiments,the reaction equilibrium is reached after 20 min,and the kinetics for the extraction stage was determined as a second-order ***,experiments were carried out to discharge the yttriumloaded resins,and it has been determined that the best pH value to strip the Y ions is *** tests of extraction and discharge for yttrium ions show that the functionalized resin can work at least five cycles without decreasing its ***,the proposed process was tested in a real solution with Y ions fro m a waste fluorescent la mp powder leached in H_(2)SO_(4),demonstrating the ability to effectively recover yttrium,separating it from various metals from the studied residue.

关键词： Yttrium recovery Rare earth solid-liquid extraction XAD-7 resin Fluorescent lamps recycling Solid-liquid kinetics extraction

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Electron kinetic effects in back-stimulated Raman scattering bursts driven by broadband laser pulses

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 54-67页

作者： Q.K.liu l.Deng Q.Wang X.Zhang F.Q.Meng Y.p.Wang Y.Q.Gao H.B.Cai S.p.Zhu Graduate School China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100088China Institute of Applied physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai Institute of laser plasma Shanghai 201800China HEDpS Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

We examine electron kinetic effects in broadband-laser-driven back-stimulated Raman scattering(BSRS)bursts using particle-in-cell *** bursts occur during the nonlinear stage,causing reflectivity spikes and generating large numbers of hot ***-duration simulations are performed to observe burst events,and a simplified model is developed to eliminate the interference of the broadband laser’s random intensity *** the simplified model,we isolate and characterize the spectrum of electron plasma *** spectrum changes from a sideband structure to a turbulence-like structure during the burst.A significant asymmetry in the spectrum is *** asymmetry is amplified and transferred to electron phase space by high-intensity broadband laser pulses,leading to violent vortex-merging and generation of hot *** proportion of hot electrons increases from 6.76%to 14.7%during a single violent burst *** demonstrate that kinetic effects profoundly influence the BSRS evolution driven by broadband lasers.

关键词： scattering kinetic simplified

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Enhanced entropy generation and heat transfer characteristics of magnetic nano-encapsulated phase change materials in latent heat thermal energy storage systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 1051-1070页

作者： p.S.REDDY p.SREEDEVI Department of Mathematics Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and TechnologyNandyal 518501India

The objective of the current study is to investigate the importance of entropy generation and thermal radiation on the patterns of velocity,isentropic lines,and temperature contours within a thermal energy storage device filled with magnetic nanoencapsulated phase change materials(NEpCMs).The versatile finite element method(FEM)is implemented to numerically solve the governing *** effects of various parameters,including the viscosity parameter,ranging from 1 to 3,the thermal conductivity parameter,ranging from 1 to 3,the Rayleigh parameter,ranging from 102 to 3×10^(2),the radiation number,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,the fusion temperature,ranging from 1.0 to 1.2,the volume fraction of NEpCMs,ranging from 2%to 6%,the Stefan number,ranging from 1 to 5,the magnetic number,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,and the irreversibility parameter,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,are examined in detail on the temperature contours,isentropic lines,heat capacity ratio,and velocity ***,the heat transfer rates at both the cold and hot walls are analyzed,and the findings are presented *** results indicate that the time taken by the NEpCMs to transition from solid to liquid is prolonged inside the chamber region as the fusion temperatureθf ***,the contours of the heat capacity ratio Cr decrease with the increase in the Stefan number Ste.

关键词： volume fraction of nano-encapsulated phase change material(NEpCM) radiation Stefan number heat capacity ratio entropy generation

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