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Impacts of Coriaria nepalensis colonization on vegetation structure and regeneration dynamics in a mixed conifer forest of Indian Central Himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 305-317页

作者： Nidhi Rani Mourya kiran Bargali Surendra Singh Bargali Department of Botany DSB Campus Kumaun University

This study evaluated impacts of Coriaria nepalensis *** on soil characteristics,vegetation structure and composition,regeneration status and expected future compositional changes,biomass and carbon stock in tree species of a mixed conifer forest of Central *** sites(1 ha each in an old landslide area)differing in Coriaria density(low:20 individuals ha^(-1);medium:120 ***^(-1);high:190 ***^(-1))were used to enumerate the tree species.A total of 9 tree species and 2830 individuals were recorded from the three study sites that represented a gradient of Coriaria *** of species varied from 3 to 7 and the individuals from 690 to 1270 per site with lowest numbers at low Coriaria density and highest at medium Coriaria *** number of seedlings increased with increasing Coriaria density,and the sites were unique in their seedling composition,indicating marked temporal *** wise regeneration analysis showed that regeneration was poor at the site with low Coriaria density and good at the high-density site where many species emerged as *** results indicate that the ameliorative effects of Coriaria in terms of soil buildup,and accumulation of nutrients and organic matter helped more species to colonize the *** facilitative ability of Coriaria can be used to restore degraded forest ecosystems of Indian Central Himalaya.

关键词： Basal area Conifer Coriaria Density Facilitation Species richness

Multi-objective optimization of oil well drilling using elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm

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petroleum Science 2014年第1期11卷 97-110页

作者： Chandan Guria kiran K Goli Akhilendra K pathak Department of petroleum Engineering Indian School of Mines

A multi-objective optimization of oil well drilling has been carried out using a binary coded elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm.A Louisiana offshore field with abnormal formation pressure is considered for *** multi-objective optimization problems involving twoand three-objective functions were formulated and solved to fix optimal drilling *** important objectives are：（i） maximizing drilling depth,（ii） minimizing drilling time and （iii） minimizing drilling cost with fractional drill bit tooth wear as a *** time dependent decision variables are：（i） equivalent circulation mud density,（ii） drill bit rotation,（iii） weight on bit and （iv） Reynolds number function of circulating mud through drill bit nozzles.A set of non-dominated optimal pareto frontier is obtained for the two-objective optimization problem whereas a non-dominated optimal pareto surface is obtained for the three-objective optimization *** on the trade-offs involved,decision makers may select any point from the optimal pareto frontier or optimal pareto surface and hence corresponding values of the decision variables that may be selected for optimal drilling *** minimizing drilling time and drilling cost,the optimum values of the decision variables are needed to be kept at the higher values whereas the optimum values of decision variables are at the lower values for the maximization of drilling depth.

关键词： Drilling performance rate of penetration abnormal pore pressure genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization

Electromechanical Fields and Their Influence on the Internal Quantum Efficiency of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2018年第3期31卷 383-390页

作者： Muhammad Usman kiran Saba Adnan Jahangir Muhammad Kamran Nazeer Muhammad Department of Engineering Sciences Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Swabi 23460 Pakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt 47040 Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt 47040 Pakistan

The effect ofelectromechanical fields, i.e., polarization fields, on the efficiency droop of GaN-based light-emitting diodes is presented using both experimental and numerical analyses. The role of incorporating such polarization charge density in device performance is numerically investigated and further compared with the experimental results of internal quantum efficiency of three different devices in consideration.

关键词： Optoelectronic devices photonic bandgap materials Visible and ultraviolet sources Light-emitting devices

Melting heat and thermal radiation effects in stretched flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第7期38卷 957-968页

作者： T.HAYAT A.kiran M.IMTIAZ A.ALSAEDI Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM) Research Group Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University

The incompressible flow of a non-Newtonian fluid with mixed convection along a stretching sheet is analyzed. The heat transfer phenomenon is discussed through thermal radiation. The effects of the melting heat transfer and heat generation/absorption are also taken. Suitable transformations are utilized to attain the nonlinear ordinary differential expressions. The convergent series solutions are presented. The fluid flow, temperature, and surface heat transfer rate are examined graphically. It is observed that the velocity decreases when the relaxation time increases while increases when the retardation time is constant. The results also reveal that the temperature distribution reduces when the radiation parameter increases.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Oldroyd-B fluid mixed convection meltingheat transfer thermal radiation heat generation/absorption

A Framework for e-Voting System Based on Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 417-440页

作者： Shahid Hussain Danwar Javed Ahmed Mahar Aneela kiran Institute of Computer Science Shah Abdul Latif UniversityKhairpur66020SindhPakistan

Election allows the voter of a country to select the most suitable group of candidates to run the *** in pakistan is simply paper-based method but some certain political and socio-economic issues turn that simple process in complicated and disputes *** of such problems are consisting of many methods including the e-voting *** e-voting system facilitates the voters to cast their votes by electronic means with very easy and convenient *** also allows maintaining the security and secrecy of the voter along with election *** voting reduces the human-involvement throughout the process from start to the *** system is not established yet in ***,every election is disputed *** this paper we proposed the framework of an e-voting system and simulation with the use of blockchain ledger *** proposed framework owns the capacity to deal with ballots in *** novelty of the framework is that the e-voting system is linked to National Database and Registration Authority(NADRA)database which assures voter’s *** fundamental requirements were kept in consideration during the performance evaluation of the *** results are processed and depicted specially with reference to the number of voters and voting stations,real time of vote casting,network bandwidth and controlling *** results support the decision makers and guide them in the foundation and customization of an e-voting system in pakistan.

关键词： Simulation modeling e-voting system blockchain technology distributed ledger

Comparison of outcomes for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 43-49,I0002页

作者： Udayakumar Navaneethan preethi GK Venkatesh Ramprasad Jegadeesan Vennisvasanth Lourdusamy Jeffrey p Hammel Ravi p.kiran Bo Shen Department of Gastroenterology Digestive Disease InstituteThe Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Colorectal Surgery Columbia University Medical CenterNew York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNYUSA.

Background:The comparative outcomes of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(pSC)are unclear;the aim of our study was to make an objective ***:A total of 273 patients with pSC and inflammatory bowel disease(223 with UC and 50 with CD)were *** and demographic variables were ***:The pSC risk score was similar for both *** median follow-up period in patients with pSC-UC was 12 years(range 0–38)and that for pSC-CD was 14 years(range 1–36).The median number of disease flares per year was higher in pSC-UC patients than in the pSC-CD group[1vs.0(ranges 0–20 and 0–9,respectively);ppatients with UC developed colon neoplasia than CD(35.9%vs.18%;p=0.009).On proportional hazards analysis for the risk of colectomy,UC patients had a 12%higher risk for colectomy[hazard ratio(HR)=0.88;95%confidence interval(CI)0.51–1.51;p=0.64].Liver transplantation for pSC was associated with decreased risk(HR=0.57;95%CI 0.37–0.89;p=0.013),while colon neoplasia increased the risk(HR=3.83;95%CI 2.63–5.58;pproportional hazards analysis for the risk of colon neoplasia,UC patients had 56%higher risk of developing colon neoplasia than CD(HR=0.44;95%CI 0.16–1.25;p=0.12).Conclusions:pSC patients with CD appear to be associated with a lower risk of colon neoplasia and colectomy than pSC patients with UC.

关键词： primary sclerosing cholangitis ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease colon neoplasia colectomy liver transplantation

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2015年尼泊尔与印度关系转变的影响因素

2015年尼泊尔与印度关系转变的影响因素

作者： kiran kumar Gurung 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

尼泊尔是一个地理意义上的内陆国家,它四面都被包围,东、西、南三侧与印度接壤,北部则与中国接壤。尼泊尔南部的平原地形,东部和西部的山丘地形,使得其进入印度比通过北部喜马拉雅山和崎岖地带进入中国西藏更加容易。除了地理因素,尼泊... 详细信息

尼泊尔是一个地理意义上的内陆国家,它四面都被包围,东、西、南三侧与印度接壤,北部则与中国接壤。尼泊尔南部的平原地形,东部和西部的山丘地形,使得其进入印度比通过北部喜马拉雅山和崎岖地带进入中国西藏更加容易。除了地理因素,尼泊尔与印度在文化、宗教、民主以及婚姻等方面几乎都具有相似性。开放边界、宗教信仰、语言共性和婚姻纽带交织在一起,使得两国建立了更加独特的特殊关系。印度是尼泊尔最大的贸易伙伴。尼泊尔与印度的贸易占其贸易总额的三分之二,并且尼泊尔与第三国的贸易几乎全都通过印度进行。但反过来,尼泊尔的自然资源给印度带来的优势也是不可估量的。1950年两国签署的《和平与友谊条约》进一步使印度国民在贸易和工业方面的投资以及利用尼泊尔自然资源等方面享有优惠待遇。这种友好关系从2006年开始进一步加速,但两国关系在2015年9月底印度发起封锁时面临危机。2015年9月20日,尼泊尔期待已久的宪法颁布后,印度的封锁就爆发了。因此,本研究阐述了长期以来两国保持友好关系的因素,重点分析了2015年尼泊尔-印度关系恶化的关键因素。本研究共分五章。第一章介绍了研究背景、研究建议、研究方法、文献综述、研究框架和研究问题。本章对论文的主题进行了说明,并强调了本课题研究的必要性。第二章介绍了尼泊尔与印度根深蒂固的关系谱系。这两个国家有着相同的地理和自然基础,他们之间的文化和社会关系也交织在一起。梵语的语言谱系和共享的文字和字母使彼此更容易理解对方。而且两个国家80%以上的人口都信仰印度教,他们共享同质的神祗、节日和仪式。每年两国印度教徒和佛教徒的朝圣都覆盖了大部分人口之间的流动。两国的佛陀的编年史也是相通的。将近1800公里的开放边界使得人们可以自由地进行宗教活动、贸易、教育和文化交流,使得两国人民之间的联系变得更加容易。尼泊尔和印度之间的婚姻纽带也是其独特关系的标志。同样,从殖民时期到现在,尼泊尔士兵的巨大贡献一直是两国之间的遗产。经济上,印度是尼泊尔唯一的过境国,也是最大的贸易伙伴。印度是尼泊尔最大的外国直接投资国,尼泊尔也给予印度国民投资和利用资源的优先权。本章还从政治因素视角进一步阐释了它们之间的关系。尼泊尔的民主斗争和印度的非殖民化斗争是两国领导人相互联合的共同点。自1950年至今,印度对尼泊尔民主化发展的援助仍然是一个里程碑。第三章和第四章解释了2015年9月两国关系变化的因素,其中包括外部因素和内部因素。其中第三章重点讨论尼泊尔与印度关系恶化的内部因素。本文认为首要的原因是尼泊尔国内政治环境中的政治权力重组。几个关键问题将多数山中居民分化为马德西人(平原的居民,非尼泊尔母语人士)和少数贾纳贾蒂人(土著人民)。这个分裂最终导致了敌意,并使关于印度建立的建议产生了二元观点。其次,莫迪政府向尼泊尔领导人提出的建议被提上了尼泊尔宪法,与此同时印度支持尼泊尔马德西族领导人的做法恶化了局势。印度过度参与尼泊尔政治活动伤害了尼泊尔人的感情。同样,尼泊尔政治精英对印度关于侵略,对几个条约和协议的不平衡条款和规定,以及印度人对“中国卡”的指责的怀疑,不信任和保持沉默的态度,也是导致敌意的一些因素。第四章分析了导致尼泊尔和印度关系陷入低谷的外部因素。首先,印度的“大哥”心理恶化了双边关系。在起草尼泊尔宪法时,印度过多的干预就是一个明显的例子。其次,一旦莫迪的个人建议被抛弃,他雄心勃勃的“邻里优先”外交政策也会遭到破坏。印度外交外交秘书苏杰生最后试图纠正尼泊尔宪法的做法徒劳无功,这激怒了莫迪和他在印度的整个团队。尼泊尔领导人对他们的建议避而不谈遭到了印度愤慨以对,并因此对尼泊尔实行封锁。因此莫迪的大部分建议都被弃置,他的邻里政策也变成了双方关系中的惩罚工具。第三,其他地区参与者迫使印度卷入尼泊尔的国内事务。中国的崛起是印度在尼泊尔减少其作用和影响力的最大威胁。同样,巴基斯坦对尼泊尔边界地区的马德拉斯加强支持,对印度恐怖组织的援助以及印度假币的流动也给印度带来了威胁。此外,民主化的扩张,人权的加强,对西藏难民的关注,是尼泊尔将要解决的其他一些问题。西方国家(基本上是美国和英国)正试图从印度推进以解决尼泊尔的这些问题。这些压力导致印度过度卷入尼泊尔政治,最终带来了意料之外的结果。本文最后一章总结了研究思路,并提出了几点建议。总之,受地理、文化、社会规范和价值观、政治依赖以及文明风尚的约束,尼泊尔和印度不会让彼此陷入不光彩的困境。他们迫切需要彼此拥有更好的认同、共同命运和繁荣发展。他们彼此更好的理解可以推动增长,促进团结友爱、和平与安全。因此,他们文明的统一,从古至今根深蒂固的联系只能使得双方要么共同繁荣,要么一起毁灭。

关键词：尼泊尔印度开放边界独特关系区域霸权

State-of-the-art management for challenging complications in head and neck surgery

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plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 18-27页

作者： kiran Ganga Caitlin McMullen Department of Nutritional Sciences Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Head&Neck-Endocrine Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612USA

Head and neck surgical complications can result in significant morbidity for *** over the past few years have shown promise in mitigating these ***,new medications,bioactive agents,and bioengineered materials may reduce the resultant *** historic existing medical therapies,such as oxandrolone,tissue plasminogen activator,and royal jelly/honey,have new applications in the management of challenging head and neck surgical *** review describes some of the more common and challenging complications in head and neck surgery and modern techniques for management.

关键词： Chylous fistula venous thrombosis nerve injury microvascular free flap octreotide fistula

Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2016年第10期37卷 68-74页

作者： Hari Shanker Gupta A S kiran kumar M.Shojaei Baghini Subhananda Chakrabarti Sanjeev Mehta Arup Roy Chowdhury Dinesh K Sharma Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Space Applications Centre Jodhpur Tekra Ahmedabad India

Current mirror integration（CMI） read out integrated circuit（ROIC） topology provides a low input impedance to photo-detectors and provides large injection efficiency, large charge handling capacity and snapshot mode operation without in-pixel opamps. The ROIC described in this paper has been implemented with a modified current mirror circuit, with matched pMOS pairs for detector input stage and its biasing. The readout circuit has been designed for 30×30μm^2 pixel size, 4×4 array size, variable frame rate, 5 Me charga pixel per second（Mpps）.Experimental performance of the test chip has achieved 15 Me charge handling capacity, a high dynamic range of83 dB, 99.8% linearity and 99.96% injection efficiency. The ROIC design has been fabricated in 3.3 V 1p6 MUMC180 nm CMOS process and tested up to 5 MHz pixel rate at room and at cryogenic temperature.

关键词： pixel pitch readout integrated circuit (ROIC) cryogenics snapshot FpA IR detectors