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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1994年第1期7卷 56-67页

作者： p.k.rai NirupamaMALLICk 等 LaboratoryofAlgalBiology CentreofAdvancedStudyinBotanyBanarasHinduUniversityVaransi－221005India La

A pH dependent reduction in growth, pigment, ATp content, O,' evolution, carbonfixation, photosynthetic electron transport system, nutrient uptake (NO,' and NH4+),nitrate reductase, and ATpase activities and increase in k+ emux of Chlorella vulgaris wasnoticed following supplementation of Cu and Ni to the culture medium. pS II was foundto be more sensitive to both pH and metals than pS I. Though, nitrate reductase (NR) wasmore sensitive to both pH and metals, the ATpase was however, more sensitive t0 metalsbut less sensitive to acidic pH. Acid pH was found to dst the nutrient (NO,' and NH4+)uptake and nitrate reductase in a non-competitive manner. The inhibition pnduced by thetest metals alone was of noncompetitive type for NO3' uptake, nitrate reductase andATpase and competitive for NH'+ uptake. Acidity not only inhibited the metabolicvariables directly but also through facilitated uptake of metals and increased membranepermeability. A very low sensitivity of ATpase to acidic pH seems to be resgnsible forthe survival of algae in acid environment.

关键词： Mineral Uptake,photosynthesis and Enzyme Activities of Chlorella vulgaris at Different pH Values Effect of Cu and Ni on Growth pH Cu Ni

Characteristics of Emission Non-nulling pulsars Through Simulation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 91-102页

作者： rai Yuen Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Xinjiang key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China SIfA School of PhysicsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

We investigate the population and several properties of radio pulsars whose emission does not null(non-nulling)through simulation of a large pulsar *** from a pulsar is identified as non-nulling if(i)the emission does not cease across the whole pulse profile,and(ii)the emission is ***(i),we adopt a model for switching in the plasma charge density,and emission persists if the charge density is ***(ii),we assume that detectable emission originates from source points where it is emitted tangentially to the magnetic field-line and parallel to the *** find that pulsars exhibiting non-nulling emission possess obliquity angles with an average of 42°.5,and almost half the samples maintain a duty cycle between 0.05 and ***,the pulsar population is not fixed but dependent on the obliquity angle,with the population peaking at 20°.In addition,three evolutionary phases are identified in the pulsar population as the obliquity angle evolves,with the majority of samples having an obliquity angle between 20°and 65°.Our results also suggest that emission from a pulsar may evolve between nulling and non-nulling during its lifetime.

关键词： radiation mechanisms:non thermal stars:neutron (stars:)pulsars:general

Analysis and Optimization of Operational and pollutant Attributes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： Ranjeet rai R.R.SAHOO Mechanical Engineering Department GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineering Department IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental *** conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant *** L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 *** experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four *** operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(BTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of BTE and BSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OpB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,*** 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OpB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant *** outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Grey method OpB20CNT100 transesterification S/N ratio GRG HC CO and NO

Refining aquifer heterogeneity and understanding groundwater recharge sources in an intensively exploited agrarian dominated region of the Ganga plain

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 134-147页

作者： Abhinav patel Shive prakash rai Nijesh puthiyottil Abhinesh kumar Singh Jacob Noble Rajesh Singh Dharmappa Hagare U.D.Saravana kumar Nachiketa rai kossitse Venyo Akpataku Department of Geology Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005India Isotope and Radiation Application Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India Environmental Hydrology Division National Institute of HydrologyRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India School of Engineering Design and Built EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityAustralia Isotope Hydrology Section Division of Physical and Chemical SciencesInternational Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)ViennaAustria Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Environmental Science Department of ChemistryUniversity of KaraPO Box 404KaraTogo

Densely populated region of Ganga plain is facing aquifer vulnerability through waterborne pollutants and groundwater stress due to indiscriminate abstraction,causing environmental and socio-economic *** address long-term groundwater resilience,it is crucial to understand aquifer heterogeneity and connectivity,groundwater recharge sources,effects of groundwater abstraction *** this con-text,present study aims to understand factors responsible for vertical and spatial variability of groundwater chemistry and to identify groundwater recharge sources in an intensively exploited agrarian region of the Ganga *** of chemometric,statistical,and isotopic analysis categorises the alluvial aquifer into zone 1(G1;ground surface to 100 m)and zone 2(G2;>100 m-210 m).The group G1 samples are characterized by a wide variation in hydrochemical species,noted with pockets of F-and NO3-rich groundwater,and fresh to more evolved water types,while group G2 groundwater is characterized by a sharp increase in freshwater types and limited variation in their isotopic and hydrochemical *** G1 groundwater chemistry is governed by soil mineralogy,local anthropogenic inputs(SO42-,Cl-,and NO3-),and manifested by multiple recharge sources(local precipitation,river,canal water,pond).The G2 group is dominated by geogenic processes and mainly recharged by the local *** signatures confirm more evolved water type for group G1 in northwestern region,while fresh-water type covers the rest of the study *** rich groundwater is attributed to sodic water under alkaline conditions and enrichedδ18O values emphasizing role of evaporation in F-mobilization from micas and amphiboles abundant in the *** findings provide insight into potential groundwater vulnerability towards inorganic contaminants,and ground water recharge *** outcome of this study will help to develop aquifer resilience towards indiscriminate groundwater extrac

关键词： Stable isotopes Hydrogeochemical attributes Groundwater recharge sources Ganga plain

phytochemical analysis of Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera and their therapeutic activities with special reference to COVID-19

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期14卷 39-47页

作者： prateek rai Tanya Garain Deepshikha Gupta Chemistry Amity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity UniversityNoida 201301Uttar PradeshIndia

Various important medicines make use of secondary metabolites that are produced by *** plants,such as Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia,are rich sources of chemically active compounds and are reported to have numerous therapeutic *** therapeutic use of medicinal plants is widely mentioned in Ayurveda and has folkloric importance in different parts of the *** aim of this review is to summarize the phytochemical profiles,folkloric importance,and primary pharmacological activity of *** and *** with emphasis on their action against the novel coronavirus.

关键词： phytochemical analysis Tinospora cordifolia Withania somnifera COVID-19 Immunomodulators Giloy Ashwagandha

Establishing the relationship between land use land cover,normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature:A case of Lower Son River Basin,India

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 265-275页

作者： Shipra Singh pankaj kumar Rakhi parijat Barbaros Gonengcil Abhinav rai Department of Geography Miranda HouseUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Geography Delhi School of EconomicsUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Geography Istanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The study explores the intricate interplay between land use land cover(LULC),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and land surface temperature(LST)within the Lower Son River Basin in India from 1991 to *** region’s ecological balance has been increasingly strained due to rapid urbanization and changing land use *** a combination of Landsat TM&OLI/TIRS satellite imageries and geospatial analysis techniques,this study unveils the intricate connection between land use and land cover changes,vegetation,and land surface temperature *** study area is classified into three altitudinal zones(Zone Ⅰ:39–300 m,Zone Ⅱ:301–600 m and Zone Ⅲ:601–1,247 m)to examine the changes in *** area has seen significant changes in LULC,vegetation and LST in all the three altitudinal *** findings hold significant implications for sustainable land management and environmental conservation strategies in the Lower Son River *** per the result,103,438 ha of vegetation was converted into agriculture land and 82,572 ha of agricultural land was transformed into settlements from 1991 to *** trend shows human pressure on the land resource in the study *** increase in water body is seen which is attributed to commissioning of Bansagar *** Ⅰ has seen highest settlement growth while Zone Ⅲ experienced severe deforestation of around 15%.Zone Ⅱ and Ⅲ needs attention for holistic *** of LST shows that it has increased by 0.82℃ from 1991 to 2020 which is a red *** study underscores the critical importance of balanced land use practices to preserve ecological integrity and mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization and climate change.

关键词： Lower Son River Basin LULC LST NDVI Correlation

A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Improvised QoE in Video Services over 5G Wireless Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3195-3213页

作者： k.B.Ajeyprasaath p.Vetrivelan School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil Nadu600127India

Video streaming applications have grown considerably in recent *** a result,this becomes one of the most significant contributors to global internet *** to recent studies,the telecommunications industry loses millions of dollars due to poor video Quality of Experience(QoE)for *** the standard proposals for standardizing the quality of video streaming over internet service providers(ISps)is the Mean Opinion Score(MOS).However,the accurate finding of QoE by MOS is subjective and laborious,and it varies depending on the user.A fully automated data analytics framework is required to reduce the inter-operator variability characteristic in QoE *** work addresses this concern by suggesting a novel hybrid XGBStackQoE analytical model using a two-level layering *** one combines multiple Machine Learning(ML)models via a layer one Hybrid *** ML models at level one are trained using the entire training data *** level two Hybrid XGBStackQoE-Model is fitted using the outputs(meta-features)of the layer one ML *** proposed model outperformed the conventional models,with an accuracy improvement of 4 to 5 percent,which is still higher than the current traditional *** proposed framework could significantly improve video QoE accuracy.

关键词： Hybrid XGBStackQoE-model machine learning MOS performance metrics QoE 5G video services

Hybrid Seagull and Whale Optimization Algorithm-Based Dynamic Clustering protocol for Improving Network Longevity in Wireless Sensor Networks

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China Communications 2024年第10期21卷 113-131页

作者： p.Vinoth kumar k.Venkatesh Department of Networking and Communications School of ComputingCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur 603203India

Energy efficiency is the prime concern in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) as maximized energy consumption without essentially limits the energy stability and network lifetime. Clustering is the significant approach essential for minimizing unnecessary transmission energy consumption with sustained network lifetime. This clustering process is identified as the Non-deterministic polynomial(Np)-hard optimization problems which has the maximized probability of being solved through metaheuristic *** adoption of hybrid metaheuristic algorithm concentrates on the identification of the optimal or nearoptimal solutions which aids in better energy stability during Cluster Head(CH) selection. In this paper,Hybrid Seagull and Whale Optimization Algorithmbased Dynamic Clustering protocol(HSWOA-DCp)is proposed with the exploitation benefits of WOA and exploration merits of SEOA to optimal CH selection for maintaining energy stability with prolonged network lifetime. This HSWOA-DCp adopted the modified version of SEagull Optimization Algorithm(SEOA) to handle the problem of premature convergence and computational accuracy which is maximally possible during CH selection. The inclusion of SEOA into WOA improved the global searching capability during the selection of CH and prevents worst fitness nodes from being selected as CH, since the spiral attacking behavior of SEOA is similar to the bubble-net characteristics of WOA. This CH selection integrates the spiral attacking principles of SEOA and contraction surrounding mechanism of WOA for improving computation accuracy to prevent frequent election process. It also included the strategy of levy flight strategy into SEOA for potentially avoiding premature convergence to attain better trade-off between the rate of exploration and exploitation in a more effective manner. The simulation results of the proposed HSWOADCp confirmed better network survivability rate, network residual energy and network overall throughput on par wi

关键词： clustering energy stability network lifetime seagull optimization algorithm(SEOA) whale optimization algorithm(WOA) wireless sensor networks(WSNs)

Resmetirom: Breakthrough therapeutic approach for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis

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Liver Research 2024年第3期8卷 193-194页

作者： Anzel Saeed kuldeep Dalpat rai Department of Medicine Dow Medical CollegeDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan

To the editor,Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the active and progressive stage of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,characterized by the presence of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes with inflammation and hepatocyte injury(e.g.,ballooning),with or without fibrosis.1 patients with advanced MASH fibrosis experience increased morbidity and mortality due to progression of liver disease,including progression to cirrhosis,liver failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma.2,3 Currently,there is no approved therapy for MASH,and its prevalence has increased with the increasing global prevalence of obesity.4,5 Similar to other metabolic diseases,lifestyle modifications are effective for managing MASH but are difficult to implement and maintain.

关键词： balloon prevalence mortality

MDCN:Modified Dense Convolution Network Based Disease Classification in Mango Leaves

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2511-2533页

作者： Chirag Chandrashekar k.p.Vijayakumar k.pradeep A.Balasundaram School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiIndia Center for Cyber physical Systems School of Computer Science and EngineeringVellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiIndia

The most widely farmed fruit in the world is *** the production and quality of the mangoes are hampered by many *** diseases need to be effectively controlled and ***,a quick and accurate diagnosis of the disorders is *** convolutional neural networks,renowned for their independence in feature extraction,have established their value in numerous detection and classification ***,it requires large training datasets and several parameters that need careful *** proposed Modified Dense Convolutional Network(MDCN)provides a successful classification scheme for plant diseases affecting mango *** model employs the strength of pre-trained networks and modifies them for the particular context of mango leaf diseases by incorporating transfer learning *** data loader also builds mini-batches for training the models to reduce training ***,optimization approaches help increase the overall model’s efficiency and lower computing *** employed on the MangoLeafBD Dataset consists of a total of 4,000 *** the experimental results,the proposed system is compared with existing techniques and it is clear that the proposed algorithm surpasses the existing algorithms by achieving high performance and overall throughput.

关键词： Leaf disease detection deep convolutional neural networks transfer learning optimization MangoLeafBD Dataset