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Controversies in the treatment of Crohn’s disease: The case for an accelerated step-up treatment approach

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2670-2677页

作者： Amandeep k Shergill Jonathan p Terdiman Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology University of California Division of Gastroenterology University of California

The ideal treatment strategy for Crohn’s disease (CD) remains uncertain, as does the optimal endpoint of therapy. Top-down versus step-up describes two different approaches: early use of immunomodulators and biological agents in the former versus initial treatment with steroids in the latter, with escalation to immunomodulators or biological drugs in patients proven to be steroid refractory or steroid dependent. Top-down therapy has been associated with higher rates of mucosal healing. If mucosal healing proves to be associated with better long-term outcomes, such as a decreased need for hospitalization and surgery, top-down therapy may be the better approach for many patients. The main concern with the top-down approach is the toxicity of the immunomodulators and biological agents, which have been linked with infectious complications as well as an increased risk of lymphoma. It is unlikely that one strategy will be best for all patients given the underlying heterogeneity of CD presentation and severity. Ultimately, we must weigh the safety and efficacy of the therapies with the risks of the disease itself. Unfortunately our ability to risk stratify patients at diagnosis remains rudimentary. The purpose of this paper is to review the data that supports or refutes the differing treatment paradigms in CD, and to provide a rationale for an approach, termed the "accelerated step-up" approach, which attempts to balance the risks and benefits of our currently available therapies with the risk of disease related complications as we understand them in 2008.

关键词： Crohn's disease Top-down Step-up Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies Immunomodulators Mucosal healing

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RGB Based Multiple Share Creation in Visual Cryptography with Aid of Elliptic Curve Cryptography

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China Communications 2017年第2期14卷 118-130页

作者： k.Shankar p.Eswaran Department of Computer Science and Engineering Alagappa UniversityKaraikudi-630003Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Alagappa UniversityKaraikudi-630003Tamil NaduIndia

In visual cryptography, many shares are generated which are illogical containing certain message within themselves. When all shares are piled jointly, they tend to expose the secret of the image. The notion of visual secret sharing scheme is to encrypt a secret image into n illogical share images. It is unable to reveal any data on the original image if at least one of the shares is not achieved. The original image, in fact, is realized by overlapping the entire shares directly, in order that the human visual system is competent to identify the collective secret image without employing any complicated computational tools. Therefore, they are communicated steadily as number of shares. The elliptic curve cryptography approach, in turn, is employed to augment the privacy and safety of the image. The *** technique is utilized to generate the multiple shares which are subjected to encryption and decryption by means of the elliptic curve cryptography technique. The test outcomes have revealed the fact that the peak signal to noise ratio is 58.0025, Mean square error value is 0.1164 and the correlation coefficient is 1 for the decrypted image without any sort of distortion of the original image.

关键词： visual cryptography pixel shares elliptic curve cryptography encryption pSNR mean square error

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Implications of multipurpose tree leaf application on wheat productivity in dry tropics

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第4期24卷 777-782页

作者： Rajani Srivastava k.p.Singh Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University

Leaves of multipurpose tree species （those providing more than one function or product of human use） can serve as sources of fer- tilizer for nutrient supply, especially nitrogen （N）. In this study chopped leaves of tropical tree species （5 N-fixing species, 5 non-N-fixing species and combinations of 5 N-fixing with a non-N-fixing species） were in- corporated in soil to evaluate its effects on wheat biological productivity （including grain yield, GyIELD） under dryland conditions. High quality leaves of N-fixing tree species （e.g. Dalbergia sissoo, Cassia fistula and prosopis cineraria） had lower carbon/nitrogen （C/N）, lignin/nitrogen （L^o/N）, polyphenol/nitrogen （ppt/N） and lignin＋polyphenol /nitrogen （L~＋ppL/N） ratios than low quality leaves of non-N-fixing species. Com- bination treatments had intermediate values of different parameters, Application of high quality leaves caused greater increases in wheat productivity and yield than other species.

关键词： multipurpose tree leaves chemical quality index grain yield,N-fixing species non-N fixing species Dryland agriculture

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Hybrid Teaching Learning Approach for Improving Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1975-1992页

作者： p.Baskaran k.karuppasamy Easwari Engineering College Chennai600089India Computer Science and Engineering RVS College of Engineering&TechnologyCoimbatore641402India

In a wireless sensor network(WSN),data gathering is more effectually done with the clustering *** is a critical strategy for improving energy efficiency and extending the longevity of a *** modeling-based clustering is proposed to enhance energy efficiency where nodes that hold higher residual energy may be clustered to collect data and broadcast it to the base ***,existing approaches may not consider data redundancy while collecting data from adjacent nodes or overlapping ***,an improved clustering approach is anticipated to attain energy efficiency by implementingMapReduction for regulatingmapping and reducing complexity in routing mechanisms for eliminating redundancy and *** order to optimize the network performance,this work considers intelligent behaviors’to adapt with network changes and to introduce computational intelligence *** the proposed research,improved teaching learning based optimization is used to evaluate the coordinates of target nodes and nodes upgradation for determining energy *** upgradation is performed by integratingMap reduction to attain modification in Hop size of *** variation reduces communication ***,network lifetime is increased,and redundancy is *** comparingwith existing approaches here,sleep and wake-up nodes are considered for data *** proposed algorithm clearly demonstrates 50%,16%&12%improvement in nodes lifetime,residual energy and throughput respectively compared to other *** it shows progressive improvement in reducing average waiting time,average queuing time and average energy utilization as 30%,20%and 46%*** has been done in NS-2 environment for distributed heterogeneous networks.

关键词： Map reduction optimization Teaching-learning energy efficiency network lifetime heterogeneous network

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Response of photonic Hydrogels of Homogeneous particles to Uranyl Ions in Aqueous Solutions

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photonic Sensors 2023年第4期13卷 50-61页

作者： R.G.JOSHI Deepak k.GUpTA p.AMESH p.k.pARIDA T.R.RAVINDRAN Materials Science Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchA CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteKalpakkam 603102India Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchA CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteKalpakkam 603102India Metallurgy and Materials Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchA CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute(HBNI)Kalpakkam 603102India

We study here the response of photonic hydrogels(pHs),made of photonic crystals of homogeneous silica particles in polyacrylamide hydrogels(SpHs),to the uranyl ions 22 UO_(2)^(2+) in aqueous *** is found that the reflection spectra of the SpH show a peak due to the Bragg diffraction,which exhibits a blue shift in the presence of 22 UO_(2)^(2+).Upon exposure to the SpH,22 UO_(2)^(2+)gets adsorbed on the SpH and forms complex coordinate bonds with multiple ligands on the SpH,which causes shrinking of hydrogel and leads to the blue shift in the diffraction *** amount of the blue shift in the diffraction peak increases monotonically up to 22 UO_(2)^(2+)concentrations as high as 2300μ*** equilibration time for the shift in the Bragg peak upon exposure to 22 UO_(2)^(2+)is found to be~30 *** results are in contrast to the earlier reports on photonic hydrogels of inhomogeneous microgel particles hydrogel(MpH),which shows the threshold 22 UO_(2)^(2+)concentration of~600μM,below which the diffraction peak exhibits a blue shift and a change to a red shift above *** equilibration time for MpH is~300 *** observed monotonic blue shift and the faster time response of the SpH to 22 UO_(2)^(2+)as compared to the MpH are explained in terms of homogeneous nature of silica particles in the SpH,against the porous and polymeric nature of microgels in the *** also study the extraction of 22 UO_(2)^(2+)from aqueous solutions using the *** extraction capacity estimated by the arsenazo-III analysis is found to be 112 mM/kg.

关键词： photonic hydrogels uranium extraction and monitoring arsenazo-Ⅲ-uranium complex polyacrylamide hydrogel UV-visible spectroscopy

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Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of terbium(Ⅲ) activated NaSrBO_3

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第9期30卷 856-859页

作者： p.A. Nagpure S.k. Omanwar Department of physics SGB Amravati University Amravati-444602 (M.S.) India

The thermoluminescence （TL） and photohmainescence （pL） properties of the phosphor NaSrBO3：Tb3＋ were reported and discussed. The combustion technique was used for the synthesis of polycrystalline samples of NaSrBO3：Th3＋. The TL glow curve of the compound had a simple structure with a single peak at 434 k. TL sensitivity of the phosphor was found to be more than that of （LiF：Mg,Cu,p）. The TL glow curve was studied as a function of concentration of dopant and dose of gamma ray irradiation. The kinetic parameters of the thermolumines- cence of NaSrBO3： Tb3＋were calculated employing the peak shape method. The photoluminescence （pL） properties of Tb3＋ doped in NaS- rBO3 were studied over the 200-400 nm excitation range. The excitation spectra of NaSrBO3：Tb3＋ consisted of single narrow band peaking at about 236 nm. The emission spectra monitored at 236 nm excitation consisted of a series of sharp lines peaking at 489, 544, 586 and 622 nm corresponding to the 5D4→7Fj （j=3,4,5,6） transitions within the 4f8 configurations of Tb3＋.

关键词： thermoluminescence photoluminescence terbium NaSrBO3 combustion synthesis rare earths

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Hybrid Seagull and Whale Optimization Algorithm-Based Dynamic Clustering protocol for Improving Network Longevity in Wireless Sensor Networks

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China Communications 2024年第10期21卷 113-131页

作者： p.Vinoth kumar k.Venkatesh Department of Networking and Communications School of ComputingCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur 603203India

Energy efficiency is the prime concern in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) as maximized energy consumption without essentially limits the energy stability and network lifetime. Clustering is the significant approach essential for minimizing unnecessary transmission energy consumption with sustained network lifetime. This clustering process is identified as the Non-deterministic polynomial(Np)-hard optimization problems which has the maximized probability of being solved through metaheuristic *** adoption of hybrid metaheuristic algorithm concentrates on the identification of the optimal or nearoptimal solutions which aids in better energy stability during Cluster Head(CH) selection. In this paper,Hybrid Seagull and Whale Optimization Algorithmbased Dynamic Clustering protocol(HSWOA-DCp)is proposed with the exploitation benefits of WOA and exploration merits of SEOA to optimal CH selection for maintaining energy stability with prolonged network lifetime. This HSWOA-DCp adopted the modified version of SEagull Optimization Algorithm(SEOA) to handle the problem of premature convergence and computational accuracy which is maximally possible during CH selection. The inclusion of SEOA into WOA improved the global searching capability during the selection of CH and prevents worst fitness nodes from being selected as CH, since the spiral attacking behavior of SEOA is similar to the bubble-net characteristics of WOA. This CH selection integrates the spiral attacking principles of SEOA and contraction surrounding mechanism of WOA for improving computation accuracy to prevent frequent election process. It also included the strategy of levy flight strategy into SEOA for potentially avoiding premature convergence to attain better trade-off between the rate of exploration and exploitation in a more effective manner. The simulation results of the proposed HSWOADCp confirmed better network survivability rate, network residual energy and network overall throughput on par wi

关键词： clustering energy stability network lifetime seagull optimization algorithm(SEOA) whale optimization algorithm(WOA) wireless sensor networks(WSNs)

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Magnetocaloric effect in Gd5（Si,Ge）4 based alloys and composites

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第11期37卷 1218-1223页

作者： k.Synoradzki p.Nowotny p.Skokowski T.Tolinski Institute of Molecular physics Polish Academy of SciencesM.Smoluchowskiego 1760-179 PoznanPoland Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland Institute of physics Poznan University of TechnologyPoznanPoland

The research on magnetocaloric materials for applications concentrates,among other,on two parameters:the ordering temperature and the value of the magnetocaloric effect(MCE).The optimization consists in tuning the former without significant drop in the *** studies report on the magnetic susceptibility,magnetization curves,heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect measurements for compositionally and structurally modified Gd5Si4 *** modifications are based on the doping of the parent compound with an excess Gd atoms and substitution of Si with B as well as on the dimensional effect studied by mechanical ***,composite samples of the type Gd:Gd5Si2Ge2 were investigated revealing the influence of the intergranular interactions on the magnetocaloric *** appears that these interventions enable a controllable steering of the ordering temperature shifting it towards the room temperature with,in some cases,minor reduction of the parameters characterizing MCE.

关键词： Magnetocaloric effect Intermetallics Composites Magnetic order Mechanical milling Rare earths

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Rayleigh-type wave propagation in incompressible visco-elastic media under initial stress

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第3期39卷 317-334页

作者： p.SINGH A.CHATTOpADHYAY A.k.SINGH Department of Applied Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology (ISM)

propagation of Rayleigh-type surface waves in an incompressible visco-elastic material over incompressible visco-elastic semi-infinite media under the effect of initial stresses is discussed. The dispersion equation is determined to study the effect of differ- ent types of parameters such as inhomogeneity, initial stress, wave number, phase velocity, damping factor, visco-elasticity, and incompressibility on the Rayleigh-type wave prop- agation. It is found that the affecting parameters have a significant effect on the wave propagation. Cardano＇s and Ferrari＇s methods are deployed to estimate the roots of dif- ferential equations associated with layer and semi-infinite media. The MATHEMATICA software is applied to explicate the effect of these parameters graphically.

关键词： Rayleigh-type wave inhomogeneity initial stress visco-elasticity incom-pressible

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Removal of fluoride from water using aluminium containing compounds

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1513-1518页

作者： M. karthikeyan k. p. Elango Department of Chemistry Gandhigram Rural University

Batch adsorption studies were undertaken to assess the suitability of aluminium titanate （AT） and bismuth aluminate （BA） to remove fluoride ions from water. The effect of pH, dose of adsorbent, contact time, initial concentration, co-ions and temperature on fluoride removal efficiency were studied. The amounts of fluoride ions adsorbed, at 30°C from 4 mg/L of fluoride ion solution, by AT and BA were 0.85 and 1.55 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data fitted well to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters such as △H0, △S 0 and △G0 indicated that the removal of fluoride ions by AT was exothermic and non-spontaneous while that by BA was endothermic and spontaneous. Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） analysis and X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of the adsorbent before and after adsorption indicated that fluoride ions were chemisorbed by these adsorbents.

关键词： adsorption defluoridation isotherms aluminium titanate bismuth aluminate

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