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Haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis and population genomics uncover the origin and domestication of sweetpotato

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Molecular plant 2024年第2期17卷 277-296页

作者： Mengxiao Yan Ming Li Yunze wang Xinyi wang M-Hossein Moeinzadeh Dora G.Quispe-Huamanquispe Weijuan fan Yijie fang Yuqin wang Haozhen Nie Zhangying wang Aiko Tanaka Bettina Heider Jan f.Kreuze Godelieve Gheysen Hongxia wang Martin Vingron Ralph Bock Jun Yang Shanghai Key Laboratory of plant functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610061China College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Department of Computational Molecular Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsIhnestraBe 63-7314195 BerlinGermany Department of Biotechnology Ghent University9000 GhentBelgium Guangdong provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement Crop Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya 464-8601Japan international potato Center(CIp) LimaPeru CAS Center for Excellence of Molecular plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233China Max-planck-Institut fur Molekulare pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany

The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops ***,its genetic origin remains controversial,and its domestication history remains *** this study,we used a range of genetic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis to identify two probable progenitors of *** diploid progenitor was likely closely related to lpomoea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subgenome,IbT-DNA2,and the lineage 1 type of chloroplast genome to *** tetraploid progenitor of sweetpotato was most likely *** 4x,which donated the B2 subgenome,IbT-DNA1,and the lineage 2 type of chloroplast *** most likely originated from reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors,followed by a subsequent whole-genome *** addition,we detected biased gene exchanges between the subgenomes;the rate of B,to B2 subgenome conversions was nearly three times higher than that of B2 to B subgenome *** analyses revealed that genes involved in storage root formation,maintenance of genome stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sugar transport,and potassium uptake were selected during the speciation and domestication of *** study sheds light on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forimprovementofthiscrop.

关键词： sweetpotato origin gene conversion domestication IbT-DNA HpA

The reformation of catalyst:from a trial-and-error synthesis to rational design

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3261-3301页

作者： Ligang wang Jiabin Wu Shunwu wang Huan Liu Yao wang Dingsheng wang Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The appropriate catalysts can accelerate the reaction rate and effectively boost the efficient conversion of various molecules,which is of great importance in the study of chemistry,chemical industry,energy,materials and environmental ***,efficient,environmentally friendly,and easy to operate synthesis methods have been used to prepare various types of *** previous studies have reported the synthesis and characterization of the aforementioned catalysts,more still remain in trial and error methods,without in-depth consideration and improvement of traditional synthesis ***,we comprehensively summarize and compare the preparation methods of the trial-and-error synthesis strategy,structure–activity relationships and density functional theory(DfT)guided catalysts rational design for nanomaterials and atomically dispersed *** also discuss in detail the utilization of the nanomaterials and single atom catalysts for converting small molecules(H_(2)O,O_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),etc.)into value-added products driven by electrocatalysis,photocatalysis,and ***,the challenges and outlooks of mass preparation and production of efficient and green catalysts through conventional trial and error synthesis and DfT theory are featured in accordance with its current development.

关键词： trial-and-error synthesis structure–activity relationships density functional theory(DfT)guidance nanomaterials atomically dispersed catalysts

Enhanced potency of an IgM-like nanobody targeting conserved epitope in SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2726-2737页

作者： Bo Liu Honghui Liu pu Han Xiaoyun wang Chunmei wang Xinxin Yan Wenwen Lei Ke Xu Jianjie Zhou Jianxun Qi Ruiwen fan Guizhen Wu Wen-xia Tian George f.Gao Qihui wang College of Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University030801 JinzhongChina CAS Key Laboratory of pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)100101 BeijingChina School of Life Sciences Yunnan University650504 KunmingYunnan ProvinceChina NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)102206 BeijingChina Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences101408 BeijingChina

Almost all the neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of spike(S)protein show weakened or lost efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)emerged or emerging variants,such as Omicron and its *** suggests that highly conserved epitopes are crucial for the development of neutralizing ***,we present one nanobody,N235,displaying broad neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and multiple variants,including the newly emerged Omicron and its ***-electron microscopy demonstrates N235 binds a novel,conserved,cryptic epitope in the N-terminal domain(NTD)of the S protein,which interferes with the RBD in the neighboring S *** neutralization mechanism interpreted via flow cytometry and Western blot shows that N235 appears to induce the S1 subunit shedding from the trimeric S ***,a nano-IgM construct(MN235),engineered by fusing N235 with the human IgM fc region,displays prevention via inducing S1 shedding and cross-linking virus *** to N235,MN235 exhibits varied enhancement in neutralization against pseudotyped and authentic viruses in *** intranasal administration of MN235 in low doses can effectively prevent the infection of Omicron sub-variant BA.1 and XBB in vivo,suggesting that it can be developed as a promising prophylactic antibody to cope with the ongoing and future infection.

关键词： doses prevention conserved

Numerical Analysis of pRISM-pY Calculations for Hard-and Soft-Core Generic polymer Models

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Chinese Journal of polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 532-543页

作者： Qiang wang Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado State University1370 Campus DeliveryFort CollinsCO80523-1370USA

Generic polymer models capturing the chain connectivity and excluded-volume interactions between polymer segments can be classified, according to whether or not the 3D integral of the latter diverges, into hard- and soft-core models. Taking homogeneous systems of compressible homopolymer melts (or equivalently homopolymer solutions in an implicit, good solvent) in the continuum as an example, we recently compared the correlation effects on the structural and thermodynamic properties of the hard- and soft-core models given by the polymer reference interaction site model (pRISM) theory with the percus-Yevick (pY) closure (polymers 2023, 15, 1180). Here we analyzed in detail the numerical errors and behavior of the interchain pair correlation functions (pCfs) given by the pRISM-pY calculations of these models using an efficient numerical approach that we proposed. Our numerical approach has the least number of independent variables to be iteratively solved, analytically treats the discontinuities caused by the non-bonded pair potential (such as that of the hard spheres) and takes only the inverse fourier transform of the interchain indirect pCf between polymer segments (which is continuous and decays towards 0 with increasing wavenumber much faster than both the interchain direct and total pCfs), and is essential for us to accurately solve the pRISM-pY theory for chain length N as large as 106. To capture the correlation-hole effect, the real-space cut-off in the pRISM calculations should be proportional to the square root of N.

关键词： Generic polymer models Soft potentials polymer reference interaction site model theory

Linear-Quadratic pareto Cooperative Game for Mean-field Backward Stochastic System

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第3期37卷 947-964页

作者： wang Yu School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China

This paper focuses on a pareto cooperative differential game with a linear mean-field backward stochastic system and a quadratic form cost functional. Based on a weighted sum optimality method, the pareto game is equivalently converted to an optimal control problem. In the first place,the feedback form of pareto optimal strategy is derived by virtue of decoupling technology, which is represented by four Riccati equations, a mean-field forward stochastic differential equation(Mf-fSDE),and a mean-field backward stochastic differential equation(Mf-BSDE). In addition, the corresponding pareto optimal solution is further obtained. finally, the author solves a problem in mathematical finance to illustrate the application of the theoretical results.

关键词： Backward stochastic differential equation linear-quadratic control mean-field pareto optimality

Application of novel constrained friction processing method to produce fine grained biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 516-529页

作者： Ting Chen Banglong fu Junjun Shen Uceu f.H.R.Suhuddin Björn Wiese Yuanding Huang Min wang Jorge f.dos Santos Jean pierre Bergmann Benjamin Klusemann Solid State Materials processing Institute of Material MechanicsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany functional Magnesium Materials Institute of Metallic BiomaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser processing and Modification Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDongchuan Road 800Shanghai 200240China Applied Materials and Manufacturing Energy and Environment DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPO Box 999RichlandWA 99352USA production Technology Group Technisiche Universität IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2Ilmenau 98693Germany Institute for production Technology and Systems Leuphana University of LüneburgUniversitätsallee 1Lüneburg 21335Germany

In order to obtain Mg alloys with fine microstructures and high mechanical performances,a novel friction-based processing method,name as“constrained friction processing(Cfp)”,was *** Cfp,defect-free Mg-Zn-Ca rods with greatly refined grains and high mechanical properties were *** to the previous as-cast microstructure,the grain size was reduced from more than 1 mm to around 4μm within 3 s by a single process *** compressive yield strength was increased by 350%while the ultimate compressive strength by 53%.According to the established material flow behaviors by“tracer material”,the plastic material was transported by shear *** the base material to the rod,the material experienced three stages,*** by the tool,upward flow with additional tilt,followed by upward *** microstructural evolution was revealed by“stop-action”*** microstructural development at regions adjacent to the rod is mainly controlled by twinning,dynamic recrystallization(DRX)as well as particle stimulated nucleation,while that within the rod is related to DRX combined with grain growth.

关键词： Constrained friction processing Magnesium alloys Microstructure Mechanical properties Grain refinement plastic deformation

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.Tan Q.wang Y.Chen W.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao J.f.Myatt School of physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(pIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D pIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

A multi-source information fusion layer counting method for penetration fuze based on TCN-LSTM

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 463-474页

作者： Yili wang Changsheng Li Xiaofeng wang Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

When employing penetration ammunition to strike multi-story buildings,the detection methods using acceleration sensors suffer from signal aliasing,while magnetic detection methods are susceptible to interference from ferromagnetic materials,thereby posing challenges in accurately determining the number of *** address this issue,this research proposes a layer counting method for penetration fuze that incorporates multi-source information fusion,utilizing both the temporal convolutional network(TCN)and the long short-term memory(LSTM)recurrent *** leveraging the strengths of these two network structures,the method extracts temporal and high-dimensional features from the multi-source physical field during the penetration process,establishing a relationship between the multi-source physical field and the distance between the fuze and the target plate.A simulation model is developed to simulate the overload and magnetic field of a projectile penetrating multiple layers of target plates,capturing the multi-source physical field signals and their patterns during the penetration *** analysis reveals that the proposed multi-source fusion layer counting method reduces errors by 60% and 50% compared to single overload layer counting and single magnetic anomaly signal layer counting,*** model's predictive performance is evaluated under various operating conditions,including different ratios of added noise to random sample positions,penetration speeds,and spacing between target *** maximum errors in fuze penetration time predicted by the three modes are 0.08 ms,0.12 ms,and 0.16 ms,respectively,confirming the robustness of the proposed ***,the model's predictions indicate that the fitting degree for large interlayer spacings is superior to that for small interlayer spacings due to the influence of stress waves.

关键词： penetration fuze Temporal convolutional network(TCN) Long short-term memory(LSTM) Layer counting Multi-source fusion

framework for preventive Control of power Systems to Defend Against Extreme Events

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 856-870页

作者： Yuwei Xiang Tong wang Zengping wang State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Enhancing power system resilience against extreme events is becoming increasingly critical. This paper discusses a unified framework for preventive control of power systems to enhance system resilience, which includes three parts: resilience assessment, resilience grading, and resilience enhancement. first, the resilience assessment contains facility-level and system-level resilience assessment. The concept of fragility curve is used in the facility-level resilience assessment. Various resilience indices are developed in system-level resilience assessment to roundly depict the impacts of extreme events on power systems and determine the system resilience. On this basis, the resilience is divided into different levels by resilience grading strategy, which can efficiently quantify the severity of the impact of extreme events and provide decision-making for the resilience enhancement strategies. Then, control strategies for enhancing power system resilience are also divided according to different resilience levels. A controlled islanding based preventive control is proposed to enhance system resilience, which aims to strengthen the first defensive line of power systems to deal with extreme events. finally, taking the typhoon disaster in extreme events as an example, two tests carried out with two typhoons demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词： Controlled islanding extreme events power system resilience preventive control