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Synthetic biology in the UK-An outline of plans and progress

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2016年第4期1卷 243-257页

作者： l.J.clarke R.I.Kitney UK Synthetic Biology leadership Council UK Department of Bioengineering Imperial CollegeUK Faculty of life Sciences University of ManchesterUK BionerG UK epSRC National Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation UK Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology UK BioMedical Systems engineering Imperial CollegeUK BioMedical Systems EngineeringImperial CollegeUK

Synthetic biology is capable of delivering new solutions to key challenges spanning the bioeconomy,both nationally and internationally.Recognising this significant potential and the associated need to facilitate its translation and commercialisation the UK government commissioned the production of a national Synthetic Biology Roadmap in 2011,and subsequently provided crucial support to assist its implementation.Critical infrastructural investments have been made,and important strides made towards the development of an effectively connected community of practitioners and interest groups.A number of Synthetic Biology Research Centres,DNA Synthesis Foundries,a Centre for Doctoral Training,and an Innovation Knowledge Centre have been established,creating a nationally distributed and integrated network of complementary facilities and expertise.The UK Synthetic Biology leadership Council published a UK Synthetic Biology Strategic plan in 2016,increasing focus on the processes of translation and commercialisation.Over 50 start-ups,SMes and larger companies are actively engaged in synthetic biology in the UK,and inward investments are starting to flow.Together these initiatives provide an important foundation for stimulating innovation,actively contributing to international research and development partnerships,and helping deliver useful benefits from synthetic biology in response to local and global needs and challenges.

关键词： Synthetic biology engineering biology Biodesign Roadmap Responsible Research and Innovation(RRI) Innovation and Knowledge Centre(IKC) Synthetic Biology leadership Council(SBlC) Bioeconomy

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effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： le Brandon clarke Naomi e. legrand Nicolas Nery Susana Vaz The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales 3. level 6 4. Wallace Wurth Building 5. Sydney 6. NSW 2052 7. Australia

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or mebendazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy (pC), yet their reduced efficacy againstStrongyloides stercoralis andTrichuris trichiura presents significant limitations. emerging evidence indicates that community-wide pC [or mass drug administration (MDA)] using ivermectin, commonly used in other neglected tropical disease (NTD) control programs, may play an important role in controlling these parasites. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin pC in reducing STH prevalence in endemic populations.Methods We searched pubmed, eMBASe, and Web of Science on February 14, 2023, for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin pC, either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs, on STH infections, and provided a measure of STH prevalence before and after pC. We calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each STH using random-effects meta-analyses. Our protocol is available on pROSpeRO (registration number CRD42023401219).Results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review, of which 15 were eligible for meta-analysis. All studies delivered ivermectin through MDA. The pooled prevalence reduction ofS. stercoralis following MDA with ivermectin alone was 84.49% (95%CI: 54.96-94.66) across five studies and 81.37% (95%CI: 61.62-90.96) across seven studies with or without albendazole. The prevalence reduction ofT. trichiura was 49.93% (95%CI: 18.23-69.34) across five studies with ivermectin alone, and 89.40% (95%CI: 73.66-95.73) across three studies with the addition of albendazole. There was high heterogeneity for all syntheses (I2 > 65%).Conclusions This study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global STH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy againstS. stercoralis andT. trichiura. Based on these findings, revising international STH guidelines to include ivermectin is

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Ivermectin Albendazole Mass drug administration preventive chemotherapy

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exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on predator inspection activity in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix J.p Brusseau laurence e.A.Feyten Adam l.Crane Grant e.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

prey animals are often faced with uncertainty due to having imperfect information regarding current local conditions,including predation risks and the availability of reliable foraging opportunities(Dall 2010).As this uncertainty increases,the probability of making costly behavioral errors also increases,leading to more risk averse behavioral tactics(Feyten et al.2019).For example,Trinidadian guppies poecilia reticulata are far more risk averse when faced with multiple unknown sources of risk assessment information than when faced with a mix of known and unknown cues(Feyten et al.2019).prey can reduce uncertainty by gathering and integrating private and social information regarding current risk levels within microhabitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumstein 2012).

关键词： human disturbance information availability information reliability predator-prey interactions risk assessment uncertainty

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The impact of weather on summer and winter exercise behaviors

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 39-45页

作者： Abram l.Wagner Florian Keusch Ting Yan philippa J.clarke Department of epidemiology University of Michigan Institute for Social Research University of Michigan

Background: Outdoor exercise is an enjoyable way for individuals to improve fitness, but it is dependent on weather conditions. This study examines the association between weather conditions and outdoor exercise after adjustment for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status.Methods: We used data representative of American adults from the University of Michigan/Thomson Reuters June 2013 surveys of consumers(core and supplement) to investigate self-reported exercise behavior in summer and winter. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models estimated the odds of delayed or indoor exercise compared with outdoor exercise.Results: Of the 502 respondents, 16.3% did not regularly exercise outdoors(i.e., at least once a week), and many would delay exercise both in summer(51.8%) and winter(43.9%). Individuals listing rain as the predominant adverse weather condition had 3.33 times higher odds of exercising indoors(95% confidence interval(CI): 1.34-8.28) and 3.49 times higher odds of delaying exercise(95%CI: 1.69-7.21) compared with those mentioning heat as the predominant adverse condition. Individuals for whom ice or snow was an adverse winter weather condition were more likely to delay exercise(odds ratio(OR) = 3.34; 95%CI: 1.19-9.36), compared with those concerned with cold.Conclusion: This study found that race, age, and education exacerbate the negative effects of adverse weather conditions on the decision to exercise outdoors. Accordingly, any recommendation for an individual to exercise outdoors should be combined with an evaluation of the individual's outdoor environment along with strategies for the individual to continue exercising, indoors or outdoors, when adverse weather is present.

关键词： Outdoor exercise physical activity Rain Seasons Snow Survey

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Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DeM

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particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni Barry clarke Yong Sheng Ali Hassanpour WSp 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and process engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DeM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle mechanisms.The triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as soil.However,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain phenomenon.Therefore a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during loading.This paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DeM simulation of biaxial test using the pFC 2D code.To investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DeM biaxial tests are conducted,i.***.with rigid and deformable lateral boundary conditions.The DeM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear band.The comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

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帕金森病的初始药物治疗

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英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第12期19卷 720-724页

作者： Sharon Muzerengi Carl e clarke 徐丹王合 School of Clinical and experimental Medicine. College of Medicine and Dental Sciences. University of Bimingham Birmingham B15 2TT. UK University Hospital Bimiingham Foundation Trust. Queen elizabeth Hospital. Birmingham Department of Neurology. Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust. City Hospital Birmingham 北京协和医院神经科

患者为一名69岁的退休司机，既往无特殊病史，主要表现为右手震颤，活动变缓，夜间翻身、系纽扣以及使用刀叉困难，上述症状进行性加重，遂于门诊就诊。患者诊治意愿强烈。

关键词：帕金森病药物治疗退休司机诊治意愿

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患者特定的左心室力学建模

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2022年第1期38卷 157-167页

作者： J.I.Colorado-Cervantes p.Nardinocchi p.piras V.Sansalone l.Teresi C.Torromeo p.e.puddu Universiti Roma Tre Roma 00146Italy Sapienza Universita di Roma Roma 00185Italy University paris est Creteil University Gustave EifelCNRSMSME UMR 8208CreteilFrance

我们提出了一个研究心脏运动的计算框架.生物力学模型捕捉了心脏组织以及纤维结构的被动和主动特性.我们专注于分析搏动左心室(lV)的变形,用超声心动图获得的真实数据进行数值模拟.目的是确定lV菌株模式的临床相关性,并调查其关系在这... 详细信息

我们提出了一个研究心脏运动的计算框架.生物力学模型捕捉了心脏组织以及纤维结构的被动和主动特性.我们专注于分析搏动左心室(lV)的变形,用超声心动图获得的真实数据进行数值模拟.目的是确定lV菌株模式的临床相关性,并调查其关系在这种模式和心肌纤维的排列之间.拟议的框架原则上可用于广泛的临床应用.

关键词：心脏运动临床相关性超声心动图心肌纤维生物力学模型左心室力学建模纤维结构

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WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian rhythms in obsessive-compulsive disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2126-2130页

作者： Alexandre Vallée Yves lecarpentier Jean-Noël Vallée Department of Clinical Research and Innovation(DRCI) Foch HospitalSuresnesFrance Centre de Recherche Clinique Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien(GHEF)MeauxFrance laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications(lMA) Universitéde PoitiersPoitiersFrance Centre Hospitalier Universitaire(CHU)Amiens picardie UniversitéPicardie Jules Verne(UPJV)AmiensFrance

The neuropsychiatric disease named obsessive-compulsive disorder is composed by obsessions and/or compulsions.Obsessive-compulsive disorder etiologies are undefined.However,numerous mechanisms in several localizations are implicated.Some studies showed that both glutamate,inflammatory factors and oxidative stress could have main functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Glycogen synthase kinase-3β,the major negative controller of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in obsessive-compulsive disorder.In obsessive-compulsive disorder,some studies presented the actions of the different circadian clock genes.WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian clock genes appear to be intricate.Thus,this review focuses on the interaction between circadian clock genes and the WNT/β-catenin pathway in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

关键词： circadian rhythms glutamatergic pathway inflammation obsessive-compulsive disorder oxidative stress WNT/β-catenin pathway

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processes underlying the laser photochromic effect in colloidal plasmonic nanoparticle aggregates

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Chinese physics B 2020年第3期29卷 412-419页

作者： A e ershov V S Gerasimov I l Isaev A p Gavrilyuk S V Karpov Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS 660036KrasnoyarskRussia Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk660041Russia Kirensky Institute of physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS660036KrasnoyarskRussia Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsk 660014Russia

We have studied the dynamic and static processes occurring in disordered multiparticle colloidal Ag aggregates with natural structure and affecting their plasmonic absorption spectra under pico-and nanosecond pulsed laser radiations, as well as the physical origin responsible for these processes. We have shown that depending on the duration of the laser pulse,the mechanisms of laser modification of such aggregates can be associated both with changes in the resonant properties of the particles due to their heating and melting(picosecond irradiation mode) and with the particle shifts in the resonant domains of the aggregates(nanosecond pulses) which depend on the wavelength, intensity, and polarization of the radiation.These mechanisms result in formation of a narrow dip in the plasmonic absorption spectrum of the aggregates near the laser radiation wavelength and affect the shape and position of the dip. The effect of polydispersity of nanoparticle aggregates on laser photochromic reaction has been studied.

关键词： nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance photochromic process pulsed laser radiation

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long-Time Shoreline Monitoring of the Vellar estuarine Complex,Southeast Coast of India:Using Multispectral Satellite Data

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Journal of earth Science 2012年第6期23卷 900-907页

作者： l Senthilnathan e p Nobi T Thangaradjou l Kannan Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai UniversityParangipettai-608502TamilnaduIndia

The present study was carried out to track the path of Vellar estuary over a period of 38 years （1970-2008） and also to detect the impact of tsunami on estuarine complex of the Vellar estuary. Visual interpretation techniques were employed by using muitispectral data of landsat TM （1991） and IRS-p6 lISS III （2004, 2006, and 2008） to delineate shoreline changes in the VeUar estuarine complex. Results clearly revealed the changes that occurred along the estuarine path over the period, and severe erosion was noticed in the seaward side of the MGR Thittu and accretion, along the estuarine mouth. It is also visible that there is clear river path shift in the river course. Although the sandbar formation was seen with only little morphologic modification up to 2004, the Indian Ocean tsunami that struck this coast （26 December, 2004） distorted the sandbar of the Vellar estuarine mouth; however, the 2006 satel- lite images confirmed that the sandbar was formed again to its original structure as that of before the tsunami.

关键词： estuary geomorphology IRS-p6 lISS III shoreline tsunami India.

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