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Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis complicating pediatric Crohn disease:A case report and review of literature

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第10期14卷 648-656页

作者： C Quinn Miller Omer A M Saeed Katrina collins Department of pathology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

BACKGROUND Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum(H.capsulatum)can lead to disseminated disease involving the gastrointestinal tract presenting as diffuse abdominal pain and diarrhea which may mimic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).CASE SUMMARY We report a case of 12-year-old boy with presumptive diagnosis of Crohn disease(CD)that presented with several months of abdominal pain,weight loss and bloody diarrhea.Colonoscopy showed patchy moderate inflammation characterized by erythema and numerous pseudopolyps involving the terminal ileum,cecum,and ascending colon.Histologic sections from the colon biopsy revealed diffuse cellular infiltrate within the lamina propria with scattered histiocytic aggregates,and occasional non-necrotizing granulomas.Grocott-Gomori’s Methenamine Silver staining confirmed the presence of numerous yeast forms suggestive of Histoplasma spp.,further confirmed with positive urine Histoplasma antigen(6.58 ng/mL,range 0.2-20 ng/mL)and serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to Histoplasma(35.9 EU,range 10.0-80.0 EU).Intravenous amphotericin was administered then transitioned to oral itraconazole.Follow-up computed tomography imaging showed a left lower lung nodule and mesenteric lymphadenopathy consistent with disseminated histoplasmosis infection.CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal involvement with H.capsulatum with no accompanying respiratory symptoms is exceedingly rare and recognition is often delayed due to the overlapping clinical manifestations of IBD.This case illustrates the importance of excluding infectious etiologies in patients with“biopsy-proven”CD prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapies.Communication between clinicians and pathologists is crucial as blood cultures and antigen testing are key studies that should be performed in all suspected cases of histoplasmosis to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

关键词： Crohn disease Disseminated histoplasmosis Endoscopy Colon Inflammatory bowel disease Immunosuppression Case report

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In vitro properties of surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing an antimalarial drug:halofantrine

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 253-258页

作者： Anthony A Attama collins N Igbonekwu Department of pharmaceutics University of Nigeria

Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(p90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot homogenization.Effect of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation efficiency.The drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be ppherical solid lipid microspheres were produced.The particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 months.The pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 months.In vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage form.Conclosions: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved.

关键词： Solid lipid microsphere particle size stability Halofan trine Encapsulation efficiency Release studies In vitro evaluation

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The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabolism

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Acta pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 19-32页

作者： Stephanie L.collins Andrew D.patterson Department of Biochemistry Microbiologyand Molecular Biologythe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science the Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic metabolism.The gut microbiome,the collection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract,can alter the metabolic outcome of pharmaceuticals,environmental toxicants,and heavy metals,thereby changing their pharmacokinetics.Direct chemical modification of xenobiotics by the gut microbiome,either through the intestinal tract or re-entering the gut via enterohepatic circulation,can lead to increased metabolism or bioactivation,depending on the enzymatic activity within the microbial niche.Unique enzymes encoded within the microbiome include those that reverse the modifications imparted by host detoxification pathways.Additionally,the microbiome can limit xenobiotic absorption in the small intestine by increasing the expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins,supporting the protective mucosal layer,and/or directly sequestering chemicals.Lastly,host gene expression is regulated by the microbiome,including CYp450s,multi-drug resistance proteins,and the transcription factors that regulate them.While the microbiome affects the host and pharmacokinetics of the xenobiotic,xenobiotics can also influence the viability and metabolism of the microbiome.Our understanding of the complex interconnectedness between host,microbiome,and metabolism will advance with new modeling systems,technology development and refinement,and mechanistic studies focused on the contribution of human and microbial metabolism.

关键词： Gut microbiome Xenobiotic metabolism Absorption Gastrointestinal tract pharmacokinetics Enterohepatic circulation Bioactivation

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Amiodarone hepatotoxicity complicating obstructive jaundice due to ampullary cancer

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Hepatobiliary & pancreatic Diseases International 2007年第4期6卷 435-437页

作者： Anne M collins Des C Winter Aidan p McCormick David C Cottell Justin G Geoghegan Department of Surgery and Hepatology St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin 4 Ireland Electron Microscopy Laboratory Conway Institute University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4Ireland

BACKGROUND:The presence of dual pathology can cause diagnostic dilemmas. We present a case of adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater with concurrent amiodarone hepatotoxicity. METHODS:painless jaundice associated with a palpable gallbladder was investigated clinically,radiologically endoscopically and via liver biopsy. RESULTS:Liver biopsy showed amiodarone hepatotoxicity Endoscopic biopsy identified an ampullary adenoma However,the endoscopic ultrasound and intra-operative findings suggested a malignancy,which was confirmed postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS:While the classic findings of Courvoisier’s Law are borne out in this case,the etiology of jaundice is twofold. Although dual pathology is uncommon it should always be considered.

关键词： ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma amiodarone hepatotoxicity dual pathology

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Schistosomiasis control and the health system in p.R. China

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2012年第1期1卷 76-83页

作者： Charles collins Jing Xu Shenglan Tang Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK National Institute of parasitic Diseases Chinese Centre for Disease Control and PreventionShanghaiP.R.China Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Over the last sixty years advances have been made in the control of schistosomiasis in p.R.China.There are,however,difficult challenges still to be met.This paper looks at the extent to which the health system offers a positive environment for the control of the disease.It starts by tracing three phases in schistosomiasis control:disease elimination strategy through snail control(1950s-early 1980s);morbidity control strategy based on chemotherapy(mid 1980s to 2003);integrated control strategy(2004+).Each one of these phases took place in distinct policy-making environments.The paper partly draws on these phases to set out five issues of disease control and discusses them in the context of the health system and its recent trends.These cover the policy-making process,intersectoral action for health,equity and access to health services,funding for public goods and externalities,and strengthening resource management and planning.These issues form the basis of an agenda for integrating research and capacity strengthening in the Chinese health system with a view to creating a more positive enabling environment for schistosomiasis control.In so doing it is important to emphasize the role and integrity of the public sector against its commercialization,the underlying value of equity,a systems wide perspective,and the role of advocacy.

关键词： Schistosomiasis control Health system p.R.China

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Alcohol intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing primary biliary cholangitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第9期14卷 1747-1756页

作者： Janine Adele French paul Gow Steven Simpson-Yap Kate collins Justin Ng peter W Angus Ingrid A F van der Mei Department of Gastroenterology Austin HospitalHeidelberg 3084Australia Melbourne School of population and Global Health University of MelbourneCarlton 3053Australia Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of TasmaniaHobart 7000Australia

BACKGROUND primary biliary cholangitis(pBC)is a chronic progressive liver disease of unknown aetiology characterised by immune-mediated destruction of small and medium-sized intrahepatic bile ducts.There are few well-established risk factors and epidemiological studies are needed to further evaluate the pathogenesis of the disease.AIM To evaluate the relationship between alcohol intake,smoking and marijuana use with pBC development.METHODS We conducted a prevalent case control study of 200 cases and 200 age(within a five year age band)and sex-matched controls,identified from the Victorian pBC prevalence study.We assessed lifetime alcohol intake and smoking behaviour(both tobacco and marijuana)prior to pBC onset and used conditional logistic regression for analyses.RESULTS Alcohol intake consistently showed a dose-dependent inverse association with case status,and this was most substantial for 21-30 years and 31-40 years(ptrendpBC,with a stronger association with a longer duration of smoking[e.g.,adjusted OR 2.27(95%CI:1.12-4.62)for those who had smoked for 20-35 years].There was no association between marijuana use and pBC.CONCLUSION Alcohol appears to have an inverse relationship with pBC.Smoking has been confirmed as an environmental risk factor for pBC.There was no association between marijuana use and pBC.

关键词： primary biliary cholangitis Autoimmune liver disease Epidemiology Alcohol

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potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 329-336页

作者： Solomon GIWA Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA collins NWAOKOCHA Department of Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Environmental Studies Olabisi Onabanjo UniversityIbogun Campus Ifo 234039 Nigeria

Recently, mixture of different oils at various proportions have been used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The primary aim is to improve fuel properties which are strongly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the individual oil that makes up the feedstock mix. The tropics are renowned for abundant oil-bearing crops of which palm kernel oil （pKO） from palm seed and groundnut oil （GNO） are prominent. This present paper investigated biodiesel production from hybrid oil （HO） of pKO （medium carbon chain and highly saturated oil） and GNO （long carbon chain and highly unsaturated oil） at 50/ 50 （v/v） blending. The principal fatty acids （FAs） in the HO are oleic （35.62%） and lauric acids （24.23%） with 47.80% of saturated FA and 52.26% of unsaturated FA contents. The chemical conversion of the oil to methyl ester （ME） gave 86.56% yield. Fuel properties of hybrid oil methyl ester （the HOME） were determined in accordance with standard test methods and were found to comply with both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The oxidative stability, cetane number and kinematic viscosity （KV） of HOME were observed to be improved when compared with those of GNO methyl ester from single parent oil, which could be accredited to the improved FA composition of the HO. The KV （3.69 minE/s） of HOME obtained in this paper was remarkably low compared with those reported in literature for most biodiesels. This value suggests better flow, atomization, spray and combustion of this fuel. Conclusively, the binary blend of oils can be a viable option to improve the fuel properties ofbiodiesel feedstock coupled with reduced cost.

关键词： groundnut oil palm kernel oil methyl ester,fuel properties tropics fatty acid composition

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Campaigning by Human Branding:Associating with American presidents

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2020年第4期13卷 495-515页

作者： Neil collins political Science and International Relations Nazarbayev UniversityNur-SultanKazakhstan Department of Government and politics University College Cork(UCC)Cork T12 K8AFIreland

Human branding has become an essential issue in political marketing.It is exempli fied in the election of American presidents.This paper examines the American experience to suggest a typology of human branding that may apply in both presidential and other political systems.It examines examples of presidential human brands from George Washington on but,given significant changes to electoral procedures,concentrates on first-time successful presidential candidates since 1901.The fourfold typology offers an interrelated set of ideal types that will augment the analysis of human branding.It is applied to presidents when they take up office rather than after serving.The typology draws on the source of primary brand association and relation to the core political system of each politician.

关键词： Human branding Branding by association US presidential elections Typology political marketing

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Macroscopic analysis of time dependent plasticity in Ti alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第29期124卷 135-140页

作者： Yi Xiong phani S.Karamched Chi-Toan Nguyen David M.collins Christopher M.Magazzeni Edmund Tarleton Angus J.Wilkinson Department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PHUnited Kingdom Department of Materials and processes Safran SASafran TechMany-les-Hameaux 78772France School of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUnited Kingdom

Cold dwell fatigue is the critical technological issue in Ti alloys used in the cooler front sections of aerospace jet engines.When subjected to a sustained load(stress dwell),the lifetime of these Ti components can be drastically reduced by as much as an order of magnitude[1–4].Without a clear understanding of the effect,safety concerns are raised.

关键词： alloys fatigue lifetime

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Spatial analysis of synergies and trade-offs between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 220-231页

作者： Adams Osman Emmanuel Abeashi Mensah collins Adjei Mensah Yaw Asamoah Suleman Dauda Kofi Adu-Boahen Charles Atanga Adongo Department of Geography Education Faculty of Social Sciences EducationUniversity of EducationWinnebaP.O.Box 25WinnebaGhana Department of Geography and Regional planning Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPrivate Mail BagCape CoastGhana Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPrivate Mail BagCape CoastGhana Schools of Tourism and Hospitality University of JohannesburgP.O.Box 524Auckland Park 2006South Africa Emperiks Research Limited Cape Coast Stadium AvenueCape CoastGhana

Challenges faced by African countries in achieving the goals of sustainable development are similar and trans-boundary. previous analysis of Africa’s progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has largely beennon-spatial, reducing the ability to find spatial relationships between countries and SDGs to help cooperationand proffer country-specific interventions. This study adopted techniques of exploratory and inferential spatialstatistics to assess the successes of African countries from 2016 to 2020 in achieving the goals of sustainable de-velopment. Also, the study sought to understand how the spatial synergies and trade-offs between SDGs vary percountry and time. The results revealed that spatial hotspots of countries with high SDGs scores were mostly con-fined to northern African countries with significant coldspots within central and eastern Africa and few patchesin western and southern Africa for 2016. In 2020, the number of countries forming hotspots reduced, with Cen-tral African countries as significant cold spots. Five main spatial relationships: positive linear, negative linear,concave, convex and undefined complex, were found among countries and the SDGs. However, these spatialrelationships were fluid as they changed over time and with different levels of influence from 2016 to 2020.The study concludes that generic solutions and policies by development agencies, governments, developmentfinance instiutions and other impact investors will not be enough in achieving the SDGs because of the spatialheterogeneity of the continent. Tailored and country-specific policies based on results of spatial statistics matter.

关键词： Africa Development Sustainable development Spatial analysis Hotspots Random forest

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