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新型Sulzer S20系列四冲程柴油机

国外内燃机车 1991年第6期 5-10页

作者： p.baumgartner 谷雷

目前,Su1zer公司又将一种新型的四冲程中速柴油机投入了市场。它可以满足船用主机和船用辅机90年代的要求。命名为S20的柴油机系列,缸径为200mm,行程为300mm。发动机系列有6、8、9缸机,转速范围720～1000r/min,功率范围570～1305kW。柴... 详细信息

目前,Su1zer公司又将一种新型的四冲程中速柴油机投入了市场。它可以满足船用主机和船用辅机90年代的要求。命名为S20的柴油机系列,缸径为200mm,行程为300mm。发动机系列有6、8、9缸机,转速范围720～1000r/min,功率范围570～1305kW。柴油机的设计,考虑了持续运行时燃用重油和船用柴油。通过应用ZA和AT系列四冲程柴油机上经过考验的技术,S20系列柴油机具有很低的燃油消耗率、燃烧完全、高功能燃料喷射系统和匹配良好的增压系统。它具有高的可靠性和长的使用寿命。其检修周期在燃用重油时至少为2年,在燃用柴油时可达4年。

关键词：废气透平增压柴油机技术参数

Sulzer新型中速发动机ZA40S型的发展和A20、AT25型的进一步发展步骤

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柴油机 1988年第1期 10-18+9页

作者： p.baumgartner 李国瑞瑞士Sulzer公司

本文介绍新的Sulzer ZA40S型中速四冲程发动机,其中包括8ZAL40S样机参数和零部件优化。阐述热力性能优化、喷油系统配置以及零部件发展和修改。转速较高的A20和AT25型四冲程发动机采用新的高效率排气系统与增压器,这表明该机在降低燃油... 详细信息

本文介绍新的Sulzer ZA40S型中速四冲程发动机,其中包括8ZAL40S样机参数和零部件优化。阐述热力性能优化、喷油系统配置以及零部件发展和修改。转速较高的A20和AT25型四冲程发动机采用新的高效率排气系统与增压器,这表明该机在降低燃油消耗率、更好地燃用重油能力以及简化结构设计等方面又朝前发展了一步。从一些简短的使用报道中可看出,这些机型可靠、磨损率不高。

关键词：发动机 AT25 A20 Sulzer ZA40S 中速

＂Fluidic Diode＂ for passive Unidirectional Liquid Transport Bioinspired by the Spermathecae of Fleas

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第1期15卷 42-56页

作者： Gerda Buchberger Alexander Kogler Agnes Weth Richard baumgartner philipp Comanns Siegfried Bauer Werner baumgartner Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 A-4040 Linz Austria institute of Experimental physics Department of Soft Matter Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 A-4040 Linz Austria Institute of Biology II RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 D-52074 Aachen Germany

We present a device for passive unidirectional liquid transport. The capillary channels used are bioinspired by the shape of the spermathecae （receptaculum seminis） of rabbit fleas （Spilopsyllus cuniculi） and rat fleas （Xenopsytla cheopis）. The spermatheca is an organ of female fleas that stores sperm until suitable conditions to lay eggs are found. We translated and multiplied the natural form and function of a spermatheca to create a continuous capillary system from which we designed our microfluidic device based directly on the model from nature. Applying the Young-Laplace equation, we derived a theoretical description of local liquid transport, which enables model-guided design. We arranged the bioinspired capillaries in parallel and engraved them in poly（methyl methacrylate）（pMMA） plates by CO2 laser ablation. The fabricated structures transport soapy water passively （i.e., without external energy input） in the forward direction at velocities of about 1 mm＇s i while halting the liquid fronts completely in the backward direction. The bio- inspired capillary channels are capable of unidirectional liquid transport against gravity. Distance and velocity measurements prove the feasibility of the concept. Unidirectional passive liquid transport might be advantageous in technical surfaces for liquid man- agement, for instance, in biomedical microfluidics, lab-on-chip, lubrication, electronics cooling and in micro-analysis devices.

关键词： liquid diode wetting passive unidirectional liquid transport capillary bioinspired

An Optimised Surface Structure for passive, Unidirectional Fluid Transport Bioinspired by True Bugs

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第2期18卷 375-386页

作者： Sebastian Lifka Florian Hischen Johannes Heitz Werner baumgartner Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040 LinzAustria Institute of Applied physics Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040 LinzAustria

Some true bug species use droplet-shaped,open-capillary structures for passive,unidirectional fluid transport on their body surface in order to spread a defensive fluid to protect themselves against *** this paper we investigated if the shape of the structures found on bugs(bug-structure)could be optimised with regard to better performance in unidirectional fluid ***,to use this kind of surface structure in technical applications where fluid surface interaction occurs,it is necessary to adapt the structure geometry to the contact angle between fluid and *** on the principal of operation of the droplet-shaped structures,we optimised the structure shape for better performance in targeted fluid flow and increase in flexibility in design of the structure *** adapt the structure geometry and the structure spacing to the contact angle,we implemented an equilibrium simulation of the,the structure surrounding,*** order to verify the functionality of the optimised structure,we designed and manufactured a *** testing this prototype with pure water used as fluid,the functionality of the optimised structure and the simulation could be *** kind of structure may be used on technical surfaces where targeted fluid transport is needed,*** of condensate in order to prevent the surface from mold growth,microfluidics,lab-on-a-chip applications and on microneedles for efficient drug/vaccine coating.

关键词： biomimetics true bugs liquid-surface interaction passive unidirectional fluid transport microfluidics lab-on-a-chip

Male-mediated developmental toxicity

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 81-88页

作者： Diana Andersonl Thomas E Schmid Adolf baumgartner Division of Medical Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford West Yorkshire BD UK Department of Radiation Oncology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit~t MOnchen Munich Germany.

Male-mediated developmental toxicity has been of concern for many years. The public became aware of male-mediated developmental toxicity in the early 1990s when it was reported that men working at Sellafield might be causing leukemia in their children. Human and animal studies have contributed to our current understanding of male-mediated effects. Animal studies in the 1980s and 1990s suggested that genetic damage after radiation and chemical exposure might be transmitted to offspring. With the increasing understanding that there is histone retention and modification, protamine incorporation into the chromatin and DNA methylation in mature sperm and that spermatozoal RNA transcripts can play important roles in the epigenetic state of sperm, heritable studies began to be viewed differently. Recent reports using molecular approaches have demonstrated that DNA damage can be transmitted to babies from smoking fathers, and expanded simple tandem repeats minisatellite mutations were found in the germline of fathers who were exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster. In epidemiological studies, it is possible to clarify whether damage is transmitted to the sons after exposure of the fathers. paternally transmitted damage to the offspring is now recognized as a complex issue with genetic as well as epigenetic components.

关键词： genetic and epigenetic effects human exposure to chemicals and radiation male-mediated animal studies paternalexposure to chemicals and radiation

Modeling the Middle Jurassic ocean circulation

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Journal of palaeogeography 2015年第4期4卷 373-386页

作者： Maura Brunetti Christian Vérard peter O.baumgartner Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Institute of Earth Sciences University of Lausanne

We present coupled ocean-sea-ice simulations of the Middle Jurassic（~165 Ma） when Laurasia and Gondwana began drifting apart and gave rise to the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. Since the opening of the proto-Caribbean is not well constrained by geological records, configurations with and without an open connection between the proto-Caribbean and panthalassa are examined. We use a sea-floor bathymetry obtained by a recently developed three-dimensional（3D） elevation model which compiles geological, palaeogeographical and geophysical data. Our original approach consists in coupling this elevation model, which is based on detailed reconstructions of oceanic realms, with a dynamical ocean circulation model. We find that the Middle Jurassic bathymetry of the Central Atlantic and proto-Caribbean seaway only allows for a weak current of the order of 2 Sv in the upper 1000 m even if the system is open to the West. The effect of closing the western boundary of the proto-Caribbean is to increase transport related to barotropic gyres in the southern hemisphere and to change water properties, such as salinity, in the Neo-Tethys. Weak upwelling rates are found in the nascent Atlantic Ocean in the presence of this superficial current and we discuss their compatibility with deep-sea sedimentological records in this region.

关键词： Jurassic modeling ocean circulation palaeoclimate

Simulation of urban microclimate with uhiSolver:software validation using simplifed material data

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Ecological processes 2021年第1期10卷 921-943页

作者： Florian Teichmann Christina Maria baumgartner Andras Horvath Markus Luisser Azra Korjenic Vienna University of Technology ViennaAustria. Rheologic GmbH ViennaAustria.

Background:Increasing urbanization as well as global warming requires an investigation of the infuence of diferent construction methods and ground surfaces on the urban heat island efect(UHI efect).The extent of the infuence of the urban structure,the building materials used and their surfaces on the UHI efect can be signifcantly reduced already in the planning phase using a designated OpenFOAM-based solver“uhiSolver”.Results:In the frst part of this research work,it is shown that inner building details and components can be neglected while still obtaining sufciently accurate *** this purpose,the building model was divided into two layers:a surface layer without mass,where the interaction with radiation takes place,and a component layer,which contains all relevant components and cavities of the building represented with mass-averaged material *** has become apparent that the three parameters—albedo,heat capacity and thermal resistance—which have a decisive infuence on the interaction,have diferent efects on the component temperatures and the surface *** the second part of this research work,dynamic 3D computational fuid dynamics(CFD)simulations are performed with uhiSolver for a residential block in *** the simulation results with measurement data collected on site,it is shown that the simplifed assumption of homogeneous material data for building bodies provides very good results for the validation case ***,the infuence of the greening measures in the courtyard of the residential block on the air temperature is found to be ***,it was observed that due to locally higher radiation density,lower air velocities and higher air humidity,the apparent temperature in the courtyard is sometimes perceived to be higher than in the adjacent streets,despite the lower air ***:Simplifying the modeling process of the uhiSolver software by reducing the model complexity helps to reduce

关键词： Urban heat island efect Urban microclimate CFD simulation Microclimate simulation Apparent temperature

ten-a overexpression causes abnormal pattern in the Drosophila compound eye

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 355-364页

作者： LERTLUK NGERNSIRI NORA FASCETTI SUppALUK ROMRATANApAN STEFAN baumgartner Department of Genetics Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand Section for Developmental Biology Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund Sweden Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand

Ten-a is one of the two Drosophila proteins that belong to the Ten M protein family. This protein is a type Ⅱ transmembrane protein and is expressed mainly in the embryonic CNS, in the larval eye imaginal disc and in the compound eye of the pupa. Here, we investigate the role of ten-α during development of the compound eye by using the Gal4/ UAS system to induce ten-α overexpression in the developing eye. We found that overexpression of ten-α can perturb eye development during all stages examined. In an early stage, overexpression of ten-α in eye primordial cells caused small and rough eyes and interfered with photoreceptor cell recruitment, resulting in some ommatidia having fewer or extra photoreceptor cells. Conversely, ten-α overexpression daring ommatidial formation caused severe eye defects due to absence of many cellular components. Interestingly, overexpression of ten-α in the late stage developing ommatidial cluster affected the number of pigment cells, caused cone cells proliferation in many ommatidia, and caused some photoreceptor cell defects. These results suggest that ten-α may be a novel gene required for normal eye morphogenesis.

关键词： compound eye Drosophila Gal4/UAS system ommatidia ten-α Ten-a

Geodynamic evolution of the Earth over the phanerozoic:plate tectonic activity and palaeoclimatic indicators

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Journal of palaeogeography 2015年第2期4卷 167-188页

作者： Christian Vérard Cyril Hochard peter O.baumgartner Gérard M.Stampfli Université de Lausanne (UNIL) Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTE)

During the last decades, numerous local reconstructions based on field geol- ogy were developed at the University of Lausanne （UNIL）. Team members of the UNIL partici- pated in the elaboration of a 600 Ma to present global plate tectonic model deeply rooted in geological data, controlled by geometric and kinematic constraints and coherent with forces acting at plate boundaries. In this paper, we compare values derived from the tectonic model （ages of oceanic floor, production and subduction rates, tectonic activity） with a combination of chemical proxies （namely CO2, 87Sr/86Sr, glaciation evidence, and sea-level variations） known to be strongly in- fluenced by tectonics. One of the outstanding results is the observation of an overall decreas- ing trend in the evolution of the global tectonic activity, mean oceanic ages and plate velocities over the whole phanerozoic. We speculate that the decreasing trend reflects the global cooling of the Earth system. Additionally, the parallel between the tectonic activity and CO2 together with the extension of glaciations confirms the generally accepted idea of a primary control of CO2 on climate and highlights the link between plate tectonics and CO2 in a time scale greater than 107 yr. Last, the wide variations observed in the reconstructed sea-floor production rates are in contradiction with the steady-state model hypothesized by some.

关键词： geodynamic plate tectonics plate model phanerozoic palaeoclimate CO2,strontium glaciation