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Endogenous bioelectric fields: a putative regulator of wound repair and regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第6期11卷 861-864页

作者： Matthew L.baer Raymond J.Colello Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth University

Studies on a variety of highly regenerative tissues, including the central nervous system（CNS） in non-mammalian vertebrates, have consistently demonstrated that tissue damage induces the formation of an ionic current at the site of injury. These injury currents generate electric fields（EF） that are 100-fold increased in intensity over that measured for uninjured tissue. In vitro and in vivo experiments have convincingly demonstrated that these electric fields（by their orientation, intensity and duration） can drive the migration, proliferation and differentiation of a host of cell types. These cellular behaviors are all necessary to facilitate regeneration as blocking these EFs at the site of injury inhibits tissue repair while enhancing their intensity promotes repair. Consequently, injury-induced currents, and the EFs they produce, represent a potent and crucial signal to drive tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we will discuss how injury currents are generated, how cells detect these currents and what cellular responses they can induce. Additionally, we will describe the growing evidence suggesting that EFs play a key role in regulating the cellular response to injury and may be a therapeutic target for inducing regeneration in the mammalian CNS.

关键词： repair regeneration currents inducing consistently regulating migration potent wound facilitate

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Mowing and fertilizer effects on seedling establishment in a successional old field

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Journal of plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 157-168页

作者： David J.Gibson Jared Urban Sara G.baer Department of plant Biology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University CarbondaleCarbondaleIL 62901USA

Aims We used a 10-year field experiment that consisted of mowing and fertilizer treatments to evaluate the role of niche limitation in seedling establishment of species from different functional groups and of varying local abundance in an old field undergoing *** Seedlings of nine different species were planted into a successional field subjected to mowing and fertilizer treatments for 10 years that resulted in different plant communities and resource *** representative of the factorial combination of three functional groups(C4 grasses,C3 grasses and legumes)and three abundance categories(abundant,present,or absent in the old field)were planted in four treatments resulting from the factorial combination of annual spring mowing(mowed and unmowed)and fertilizer application(annually fertilized and unfertilized).Survivorship,relative growth rate(RGR)and biomass were measured to determine the role of niche limitation on recruitment and *** Findings Mowing increased the establishment success of *** had little influence on seedling performance and survivorship.C3 grasses had the highest survivorship,while C4 grasses and legumes had equivalent RGRs,but higher than C3 *** contrast,survivorship of legumes was unrelated to mowing or fertilizer,suggesting that establishment of this functional group was dependent on other,unmeasured conditions or *** already present,but at low abundance,performed better than locally abundant or absent *** limitation may restrict the arrival of a ***,recruitment and establishment was subject to niche limitation,which varied among species,functional groups and whether a species is already resident at the site and its ***,species interactions restrict establishment during old-field succession,supporting the niche limitation hypothesis.

关键词： disturbance niche limitation plant functional group seedlings succession

CROSS-SECTION FORMULAE FOR SpECIFIC pROCESSES

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Chinese physics C 2016年第10期40卷 570-578页

作者： H. baer R.N. Cahn University of Oklahoma LBNL

pART I： STANDARD MODEL pROCESSES Setting aside leptoproduction （for which, see Sec. 16 of this Review）, the cross sections of primary interest are those with light incident particles, e＋e-, γγ qq, gq , gg, etc., where g and q represent gluons and light quarks. The produced particles include both light particles and heavy ones - t, W, Z, and the Higgs boson H. We provide the production cross sections calculated within the Standard Model for several such processes.

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Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: An update on their phenotype in vivo and in vitro

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2014年第3期6卷 256-265页

作者： patrick C baer Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine ⅢGoethe-University

Adipose tissue is a rich, ubiquitous and easily acces-sible source for multipotent stromal/stem cells and has, therefore, several advantages compared to other sourc-es of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Several studies have tried to identify the origin of the stromal/stem cell population within adipose tissue in situ. This is a complicated attempt because no marker has currently been described which unambiguously identifies native adipose-derived stromal/stem cells(ASCs). Isolated and cultured ASCs are a non-uniform preparation consisting of several subsets of stem and precursor cells. Cultured ASCs are characterized by their expression of a panel of markers(and the absence of others), whereas their in vitro phenotype is dynamic. Some markers were ex-pressed de novo during culture, the expression of some markers is lost. For a long time, CD34 expression was solely used to characterize haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, but now it has become evident that it is also a potential marker to identify an ASC subpopula-tion in situ and after a short culture time. Nevertheless, long-term cultured ASCs do not express CD34, perhaps due to the artificial environment. This review gives an update of the recently published data on the origin and phenotype of ASCs both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the composition of ASCs(or their subpopula-tions) seems to vary between different laboratories andpreparations. This heterogeneity of ASC preparationsmay result from different reasons. One of the main problems in comparing results from different laborato-ries is the lack of a standardized isolation and culture protocol for ASCs. Since many aspects of ASCs, suchas the differential potential or the current use in clinical trials, are fully described in other recent reviews, this review further updates the more basic research issues concerning ASCs' subpopulations, heterogeneity andculture standardization.

关键词： Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells Adi-pose tissue Subpopulation Heterogeneity phenotype CD34 Mesenchymal stem cells

Measuring Whitespace pattern Sequences as an Indication of plagiarism

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2012年第4期5卷 249-254页

作者： Nikolaus baer Robert Zeidman Zeidman Consulting Cupertino USA Zeidman Consulting Cupertino USA.

There are several methods and technologies for comparing the statements, comments, strings, identifiers, and other visible elements of source code in order to efficiently identify similarity. In a prior paper we found that comparing the whitespace patterns was not precise enough to identify copying by itself. However, several possible methods for improving the precision of a whitespace pattern comparison were presented, the most promising of which was an examination of the sequences of lines with matching whitespace patterns. This paper demonstrates a method of evaluating the sequences of matching whitespace patterns and a detailed study of the method’s reliability.

关键词： plagiarism Source Code Source Code Similarity Whitespace Obfuscation Indentation Maintainability Copyright Infringement Intellectual property Litigation Open Source

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全球气候模式(GCM)对辐射强迫的响应

应用气象学报 1997年第S1期 79-87页

作者：沈元芳Ｆ．Ｂａｅｒ国家气象中心美国马里兰大学气象系

长波辐射加热（ＬＷＲＨ）对气候预报有显著作用．文章比较了６种取自ＧＣＭ的ＬＷＲＨ算法所产生的加热率廓线，表明在有云情况下，ＬＷＲＨ算法对输入变量的敏感性．ＬＷＲＨ算法对ＧＣＭ变化的敏感性测试结果表明，加热率强烈地依赖... 详细信息

长波辐射加热（ＬＷＲＨ）对气候预报有显著作用．文章比较了６种取自ＧＣＭ的ＬＷＲＨ算法所产生的加热率廓线，表明在有云情况下，ＬＷＲＨ算法对输入变量的敏感性．ＬＷＲＨ算法对ＧＣＭ变化的敏感性测试结果表明，加热率强烈地依赖于模式截断、模式变化（包括长波辐射ＬＷＲ算法）和地表强迫（ＳＳＴ）．引入假观测评价各种ＬＷＲ算法所产生加热率的精确性．在ＣＣＭ２模式中应用ＮＣＡＲ原版本和移植的ＥＣＭＷＦ方案计算ＬＷＲ，结果表明ＥＣＭＷＦ方案比ＣＣＭ２方案在南半球热带地区产生更强的加热率．

关键词：全球气候模式长波辐射加热率假观测响应

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全球气候模式(GCM)对辐射强迫的响应

应用气象学报 1997年第A期8卷 78-86页

作者：沈元芳 F.baer 国家气象中心美国马里兰大学气象系

关键词：全球气候模式辐射强迫加热率天气预报

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初始场和长波辐射对气候模拟的影响

应用气象学报 2003年第3期14卷 266-276页

作者：沈元芳 F. baer 王超中国气象科学研究院北京100081 Department of Meteorology 国家卫星气象中心北京100081

对CCM2 (T42L1 8)模式运行 1 0次 ,每次初始状态稍微变化。试验结果表明了CCM2模式对初始场的响应 ,1 0次运行长波辐射 (LWR)加热率的标准差在全球许多地方和谱的许多尺度上超过 1 0 %。相似的结果也可以从云和温度的计算结果中发现。从... 详细信息

对CCM2 (T42L1 8)模式运行 1 0次 ,每次初始状态稍微变化。试验结果表明了CCM2模式对初始场的响应 ,1 0次运行长波辐射 (LWR)加热率的标准差在全球许多地方和谱的许多尺度上超过 1 0 %。相似的结果也可以从云和温度的计算结果中发现。从CCM 2算法的 1 0次运行和应用CCM 2、MOR和NMC三种不同的LWR算法的 3次运行的试验比较中发现 ,不同LWR算法模式运行之间的变率比没有LWR算法变化的初始场作用大得多。在CCM2模式中 ,比较应用CCM 2、MOR和NMC三种不同的LWR算法的气候模拟 ,我们发现CCM 2和MOR的算法比较接近 ,而和NMC的差别较大。但三种不同的LWR算法 3次运行积分结果的平均值和不同算法间的绝对差值在全球许多地方和不同尺度上的差别都超过 1 0 % ,远远大于初始场对气候模拟的作用。

关键词：初始场长波辐射气候模拟加热率 CCM2模式 LWR算法天气预报数值预报

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Markers for neural degeneration and regeneration:novel highly sensitive methods for the measurement of thrombin and activated protein C in human cerebrospinal fluid

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2086-2092页

作者： Alexandra Gerasimov Valery Golderman Shany Guly Gofrit Shay Anat Aharoni Daniela Noa Zohar Ze’ev Itsekson-Hayosh Tsviya Fay-Karmon Sharon Hassin-baer Joab Chapman Nicola Maggio Efrat Shavit-Stein Department of Neurology The Chaim Sheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael The Movement Disorders Institute Chaim Sheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Department of physiology and pharmacology Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Talpiot Medical Leadership program The Chaim Sheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael

Inflammation and coagulation are tightly interconnected in the pathophysiology of neuronal ***,a pro-coagulant serine protease is associated with neurodegeneration and its indirect inhibitor,activated protein C(apC),is considered *** levels of thrombin and apC activity are readily measured in the blood,similar assays in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)have not been *** aim of this study was to establish a specific and sensitive enzymatic assay to measure both thrombin and apC activity in the *** was collected from 14 patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus served as a control group,while seven patients with central nervous system infections served as an acute neuro-inflammatory study group and one sample of CSF following traumatic lumbar puncture served as a positive *** and apC activities were measured by fluorescence released by specific proteolytic cleavage in the presence of endopeptidase and amino-peptidase inhibitors to ensure *** of the method was verified by thrombin and serine-protease inhibitors N-alpha-((2-naphthylsulfinyl)glycyl)-DL-p-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine and phenylmethanesulfonyl *** of thrombin activity by CSF samples and levels of specific thrombin inhibitors were also *** and apC activities were reliably measured and were significantly higher in the CSF of patients with central nervous system infections compared to normal pressure hydrocephalus controls,suggesting the involvement of these factors in *** thrombin activity levels in the presence of known thrombin concentration were high in patients with central nervous system infections,and low in normal pressure hydrocephalus *** of endogenous thrombin inhibitors protease nexin 1,amyloid precursor protein and anti-thrombin III in CSF by western blot indicated a significant elevation of amyloid precursor protein in infectious *** concl

关键词： activated protein C cerebrospinal fluid infection inflammation normal pressure hydrocephalus thrombin

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