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Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase b pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase b(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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胶质母细胞瘤的几何形态学分析:一项基于T1增强扫描的MRI研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2017年第3期 357-357页

作者： p.b.julián M.G.Alicia M.David A.S.Mariano L.belén A.Elena 王大伟 Laboratory of Mathematical Oncology Edificio Politécnico Institutode Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la IngenieríaUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha Avenida de Camilo José Cela

摘要背景通过MRI数据进行胶质母细胞瘤的肿瘤体积测量并预测病人预后一直存在争议,胶质母细胞瘤生长的数学模型表明肿瘤的形态特征与其浸润性密切相关。方法基于117例首发胶质母细胞瘤T1增强扫描影像,对肿瘤的体积及形态学参数进行多中... 详细信息

摘要背景通过MRI数据进行胶质母细胞瘤的肿瘤体积测量并预测病人预后一直存在争议,胶质母细胞瘤生长的数学模型表明肿瘤的形态特征与其浸润性密切相关。方法基于117例首发胶质母细胞瘤T1增强扫描影像,对肿瘤的体积及形态学参数进行多中心回顾性研究。对临床变量进行收集、肿瘤分割,测量参数包括:强化方式、坏死、体积、肿瘤最大直径、等效球径度增强宽幅及其他几个强化"边缘"的形态学参数。应用比例风险分析与Kaplan Meier生存曲线进行

关键词：胶质母细胞瘤几何形态学初等数学 MRI T1

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GAbA_b-GIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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nano-Enhanced Dairy Scum biodiesel blends:Unleashing the power of Aluminium Oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Engine performance

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MODI prasad b.RAMpURE Sunil Kumar SHETTY Madeva nAGARAL Channa Keshava nAIK n Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad AbDULLAH Abdullah I.AL-MAnSOUR Shamshad ALAM KLE College of Engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological University nitte (Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft Research and Design Centre HAL Department of Mechanical Engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Management and Science University Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud University

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of Al2O3nanoparticles in b20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest（RF）and Catboost) was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced brake Specific Fuel Consumption（bSFC） of2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester biodiesel 20%+neat Diesel 80%（in volume）,DSMEb20),57.14% less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased nOxemissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** b20np30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced brake Thermal Efficiency（bTE） of 26.29% in 3×10-5（in volume） Al2O3nanoparticle-blended DSME b20 and other DSME b20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures（bTE,bSFC）,and emissions（CO,CO2,nOx,Smoke） are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for bTE and bSFC shows that Catboost-based bTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for CO and CO2emission results.

关键词： Al2O3 concentration CI engine Dairy Scum Methyl Ester biodiesel

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Green ionic metal-organic frameworks as nanocatalysts for CO_(2)fixation

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nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 260-269页

作者： nuria Martín Miguel Maireles-porcar julián Sánchez Velandia belén Altava Francisco G.Cirujano Eduardo García-Verdugo Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica Universidad Jaume IAv.Sos Baynats/nCastellóde la PlanaCastellón 12071Spain

Co,ni,and Zn iso-reticular coordination polymers of 2,5-dihydroxyterphthalic acid(H_(2)dot)can be rapidly obtained under room temperature and aqueous conditions using either sodium or ammonium hydroxide as the bases to deprotonate the *** use of metal bromides and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide(TbAOH)as the base allows the green synthesis of ionic metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA),H-nuclear magnetic resonance(nMR),elemental analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XpS),and employed in the pressure,solvent,and additive-free CO_(2)fixation to epoxides by its cycloaddition to epichlorohydrin,exhibiting a cooperative behavior between the MOF and the ionic liquid formed within the framework,achieving TOns of the confined tetrabutylammonium bromide(TbAbr)up to 700.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) ionic liquids heterogeneous catalysis CO_(2)conversion

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Single photo and electroproduction of pions at EbAC@JLAb

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Chinese physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1296-1301页

作者： b. juli-Díaz Department d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona E-08028 Barcelona Spain Excited baryon Analysis Center (EbAC) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News VA 23606 USA

Within the Excited baryon Analysis Center we have performed a dynamical coupled-channels analysis of the available p（e,e＇π）n data in the region of W ≤ 1.6 GeV and Q2 ≤1.45 （GeV/c）2. The channels included are γ＊n, π＊n, ηn, and ηn which has π△, pn, and σn components. With the hadronic parameters of the model determined in our previous investigations of πn→ πn reaction, we have found that the available data in the considered W ≤ 1.6 GeV region can be fitted well by only adjusting the bare γ＊n → n＊ helicity amplitudes for the lowest n＊ states in p33, p11, S11 and D13 partial waves. The meson cloud effect, as required by the unitarity conditions, on the γ＊n → n＊ form factors are examined.

关键词： meson electroproduction helicity amplitudes

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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDS/IpS for Securing Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： nazreen banu A S.K.b.Sangeetha Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named InTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and naie bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable prevention Module(XpM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets CICIDS 2017,Honeypots,and nSL-KDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the InTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of InTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

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neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell biology(IbMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CnS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CnS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

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Federated Learning’s Role in next-Gen TV Ad Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 675-712页

作者： Gabriela Dobrita Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela bâra Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010374Romania

In the rapidly evolving landscape of television advertising,optimizing ad schedules to maximize viewer engagement and revenue has become *** methods often operate in silos,limiting the potential insights gained from broader data analysis due to concerns over privacy and data *** article introduces a novel approach that leverages Federated Learning(FL)to enhance TV ad schedule optimization,combining the strengths of local optimization techniques with the power of global Machine Learning(ML)models to uncover actionable insights without compromising data *** combines linear programming for initial ads scheduling optimization with ML—specifically,a K-nearest neighbors(Knn)model—for predicting ad spot *** into account the diversity and the difficulty of the ad-scheduling problem,we propose a prescriptivepredictive approach in which first the position of the ads is optimized(using Google’s OR-Tools Cp-SAT)and then the scheduled position of all ads will be the result of the optimization ***,this output becomes the target of a predictive task that predicts the position of new entries based on their characteristics ensuring the implementation of the scheduling at large scale(using Knn,Light Gradient boosting Machine and Random Forest).Furthermore,we explore the integration of FL to enhance predictive accuracy and strategic insight across different broadcasting networks while preserving data *** FL approach resulted in 8750 ads being precisely matched to their optimal category placements,showcasing an alignment with the intended diversity ***,there was a minimal deviation observed,with 1133 ads positioned within a one-category variance from their ideal placement in the original dataset.

关键词： Ad scheduling prescriptive-predictive approach federated learning Knn

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DnA-guided hepatitis b treatment,viral load is essential,but not sufficient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第4期15卷 423-430页

作者： Rafael bárcena Marugán Silvia García Garzón Services of Liver-Gastroenterology Hospital Ramón y CajalUniversity of Alcalá Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de GuadalajaraUniversity of Alcalá

Hepatitis b virus （HbV） infection is a global public health problem that concerns 350 million people worldwide. Individuals with chronic hepatitis b （Crib） are at increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis, hepatic de-compensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. To maintain undetectable viral load reduces chronic infection complications. There is no treatment that eradicates HbV infection. Current drugs are expensive, are associated with adverse events, and are of limited efficacy. Current guidelines try to standardize the clinical practice. nevertheless, controversy remains about management of asymptomatic patients with Crib who are hepatitis b e antigen （HbeAg）-positive with normal alanine aminotransferase, and what is the cut-off value of viral load to distinguish HbeAg- negative Crib patients and inactive carriers. We discuss in detail why DnA level alone is not sufficient to begin treatment of Crib.

关键词： Hepatitis b virus Viral DnA Alaninetransaminase Antiviral drug Hepatitis b e antigen Antiviral drug resistance

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