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A New Species of Euphlyctis (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the West Coastal plains of India

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Asian Herpetological Research 2016年第4期7卷 229-241页

作者： Hebbar pRITI Chandrakanth Rukkappa NAIK Kadaba Shamanna SESHADRI RamitSINGAL Madhava kulkarni VIDISHA Gudasalmani RAVIKANTH KotambyluVasudeva GURURAJA Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) Royal Enclave Sriramapura Jakkur (P.O) Bangalore 560054 India Manipal University Manipal 576104 India Wildlife Range Kumbaravada Nujji Section Dandeli Anshi Tiger Reserve Joida Taluk 581187 India Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 Block S3 Singapore Independent Researcher B-14 Law Apartments Karkardooma Delhi 110092 India Gubbi Labs LLp Science and Media Center WS-5 I Floor Entrepreneurship Center Indian Institute of Science Campus Bengaluru 560012 India Srishti Institute of Art Design and Technology N4 Yelahanka New Town Bengaluru 560064 India

The genus Euphlyctis is widely distributed across Southwestern Arabian peninsula into parts of Southeast Asia. Five of the seven known Euphlyctis species are found within the Indian subcontinent. Here, we describe a new species, Euphlyctis karaavali sp. nov. from South-west coast of India, which was discovered during surveys engaging citizens. This species was identified to be distinct based on molecular and morphological evidence. We provide a detailed description of this species along with its call description and compare it with closest congeners. previous studies in the region had identified this species as E. hexadactylus but suggested the possibility of it being cryptic. Genetically E. karaavali sp. nov. is distinct from E. hexadactylus with a genetic divergence of 9.2% （12S and 16S） and shows a high divergence with E. kalasgramensis and E. ehrenbergii （13.04% each）. Our findings are discussed in the context of cryptic species discovery, citizen engagement in scientific progress and conservation measures while suggesting future directions.

关键词： Karaavali skittering frog citizen science molecular identification agriculture cryptic species

Experimental Investigation on Fuel Coolant Interaction Using Simulant Ceramic Melts in Water: Insights and Conclusions

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2020年第4期10卷 139-157页

作者： Nitendra Singh Arun K. Nayak parimal p. kulkarni Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Reactor Engineering Division Mumbai India

Steam explosion is one of the crucial and poorly understood phenomena which may occur during severe accident scenario and may lead to containment failure. In spite of several experimental and analytical studies, the root cause of steam explosion has not been understood. Recent claims in the literature suggest that the presence of fine fragmentation during steam explosion causes its occurrence. In order to investigate this and understand the root cause of steam explosion, series of experiments were performed with 50 g to 2500 g of CaO-B2O3, a corium simulant in 4.5 litre of water. It was observed that steam explosion may occur even in the absence of fine fragments, which is contrary to the claims in the literature. To investigate further, conversion efficiency analysis was performed. This suggested that the amount of thermal energy converted to mechanical energy is more important deciding factor in explaining the occurrence of steam explosion. The present study discusses the importance of conversion efficiency in deciding steam explosion and also gives a new perspective to look at steam explosion phenomenology.

关键词： Severe Accident Core Catcher Steam Explosion Fuel Coolant Interaction Fragmentation

Ethical tensions in solid organ transplantation: The price of success

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3259-3264页

作者： Sanjay kulkarni David C Cronin Ⅱ Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine Tompkins 202333 Cedar StreetNew HavenCT 06520United States Director Liver Transplantation Director Transplant Intensive Care UnitYale-New Haven HospitalGreenwall Faculty ScholarYale University School of MedicineTompkins 202333 Cedar StreetNew HavenCT 06520United States

Solid organ transplantation has rapidly developed into the therapy a choice for end-stage organ failure. The expansion of its use has resulted is a large deficiency in organ supply. To address this, the field of organ transplantation has attempted to develop new strategies that would increase the availability of organs for transplant. Some of these strategies include expansion of the donor pool by increasing the number of living donors or using deceased donor organs that may be marginal or ＂expanded＂ The intent is to bring life-saving therapy to individuals in need; however, much of this expansion has been brought forward without clear prospective guidelines. This article focuses on the current disparity between organ supply and demand, and how this has impacted the use of living donors and development of the ＂expanded donor＂ concept.

关键词： Ethical tensions Organ transplantation Donor

Drugs for Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Quest for the Holy Grail

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第1期9卷 40-50页

作者： Mithun Sharma Madhumita premkumar Anand V kulkarni pramod Kumar D Nageshwar Reddy Nagaraja padaki Rao Department of Hepatology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabadIndia Department of Hepatology PGIMERChandigarhIndia Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabadIndia

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global epidemic that is likely to become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the next decade, worldwide. Though numerous drugs have been evaluated in clinical trials, most of them have returned inconclusive results and shown poorly-tolerated adverse effects. None of the drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Vitamin E and pioglitazone have been extensively used in treatment of biopsy-proven nondiabetic NASH patients. Although some amelioration of inflammation has been seen, these drugs did not improve the fibrosis component of NASH. Therefore, dietary modification and weight reduction have remained the cornerstone of treatment of NASH;moreover, they have shown to improve histological activity as well as fibrosis. The search for an ideal drug or ‘Holy Grail’ within this landscape of possible agents continues, as weight reduction is achieved only in less than 10% of patients. In this current review, we summarize the drugs for NASH which are under investigation, and we provide a critical analysis of their up-to-date results and outcomes.

关键词： Fatty liver NAFLD NASH Obeticholic acid Saroglitazar

Cooperation for Common prosperity

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ChinAfrica 2023年第8期15卷 18-19页

作者： SUDHEENDRA kulkarni the Forum for a New South Asia

Few saw BRICS emerging as one of the most successful and resilient multilateral platforms it has *** global order is currently undergoing tremendous *** old world order dominated by the West,the United States in particular,has been *** a new world order has yet to *** transitional period of turbulence,turmoil and uncertainty calls for multilateral forums like BRICS to raise voices throughout Asia,Africa and Latin America to join peace-loving people in the West,advocating for a world order based on peace,equitable development,and global security for all.

关键词： peace Latin turbulence

Integrated “Generate, Make, and Test” for Formulated products using Knowledge Graphs

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Data Intelligence 2021年第3期3卷 340-375页

作者： Sagar Sunkle Deepak Jain Krati Saxena Ashwini patil Tushita Singh Beena Rai Vinay kulkarni Tata Consultancy Services Research pune MaharashtraIndia411013

In the multi-billion dollar formulated product industry, state of the art continues to rely heavily on experts during the "generate, make and test" steps of formulation design. We propose automation aids to each step with a knowledge graph of relevant information as the central artifact. The generate step usually focuses on coming up with new recipes for intended formulation. We propose to aid the experts who generally carry out this step manually by providing a recommendation system and a templating system on top of the knowledge graph. Using the former, the expert can create a recipe from scratch using historical formulations and related data. With the latter, the expert starts with a recipe template created by our system and substitutes the requisite constituents to form a recipe. In the current state of practice, the three steps mentioned above operate in a fragmented manner wherein observations from one step do not aid other steps in a streamlined manner. Instead of manually operated labs for the make and test steps, we assume automated or robotic labs and in-silico testing, respectively. Using two formulations, namely face cream and an exterior coating, we show how the knowledge graph may help integrate and streamline the communication between the generate, the make, and the test steps. Our initial exploration shows considerable promise.

关键词： Formulated product design Formulation recommendation Formulation template Robotic labs In-silico testing Integrated generate-make-test

A Dynamical Model to Analyze the Influence of Sliding Friction on Motion on a Curve—An Analytical Method

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2015年第8期5卷 434-442页

作者： prahlad kulkarni Department of Mechanical Engineering R V College of Engineering Bangalore India

To demonstrate the influence of sliding friction of motion on a curve, a circular path is considered for simplicity on which a person slides from the highest point to the lowest point. A slide which represents a quadrant of radius 5 m and a person of mass 60 kg are considered for comparison in this paper. A Differential equation for motion considering the fact that the normal force depends both on the sin component of weight and also on the tangential velocity, is established and is solved using integrating factor method, and the motion is analysed for different surface roughness of the slide and is compared using superimposed graphs, also the limiting value of friction coefficient at which the person just exits the slide is determined. The correction factor for exit velocity with friction as compared with the exit velocity for zero friction is determined. The fraction of energy lost to friction at the exit is evaluated. The Variation of normal force with the position of the person on the slide is plotted for different surface roughness of the slide, and the position on the slide where the normal force or the force experienced by the person is maximum, is determined and hence its maximum value is evaluated for different surface roughness. For simplicity, a point contact between the body and the slide is considered.

关键词： Sliding Friction Surface Roughness Integrating Factor Method Correction Factor Critical Coefficient of Friction Exit Velocity

Efficiency of Severe Recorded Rainstorms over Maharashtra State

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1995年第1期12卷 103-108页

作者： B.D.kulkarni Miss Shobha Nandargi O. N. Dhar Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune -411 008 India Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune -411 008 India Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune -411 008 India

12 severe rainstorms have been experienced by different meteorological sub-divisions of Maharashtra State during the last 100-year period from 1891-1990. For each of the rainstorms efficiency factors (i.e. p/ M ratios) were worked out for maximum one-day duration and for three standard areas of 1000, 5000, and 10,000 km2. Comparison of these ratios with the past has shown that the most efficient rainstorm over Maharashtra was the rainstorm of June, 1908 over the Vidarbha region whose full DAD data as well as isohyetal pattern have been given.

关键词： Rainstonn Depth-area -duration (DAD) Efficiency factor of rainstorms probable Maximum precipitation (pMp)

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack p.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis