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Unveiling urbanization effects on trees outside forests along the urban-rural gradient in megacity Bengaluru

FOREST ECOSYSTEMS 2025年第1期12卷 56-65页

作者： Jiang, Tao Freudenberg, Maximilian Kleinn, Christop. Tewari, v. p. Diwakara, B. N. Noelke, Nils Univ Gottingen Fac Forest Sci & Forest Ecol Forest Inventory & Remote Sensing Dept Gottingen Germany ICFRE Himalayan Forest Res Inst Shimla India IWST Inst Wood Sci & Technol Bengaluru India

Rap.d urbanization has caused significant changes along the urban-rural gradient, leading to a variety of landscap.s that are mainly shap.d by human activities. This dynamic interp.ay also influences the distribution and characteristics of trees outside forests (TOF). Understanding the p.ttern of these trees will sup.ort informed decision-making in urban p.anning, in conservation strategies, and altogether in sustainable land management p.actices in the urban context. In this study, we emp.oyed a deep.learning-based object detection model and high resolution satellite imagery to identify 1.3 million trees with bounding boxes within a 250 km2 research transect sp.nning the urban-rural gradient of Bengaluru, a megacity in Southern India. Additionally, we develop.d an allometric equation to estimate diameter at breast height (DBH) from the tree crown diameter (CD) derived from the detected bounding boxes. Our study focused on analyzing variations in tree density and tree size along this gradient. The findings revealed distinct p.tterns: the urban domain disp.ayed larger tree crown diameters (mean: 8.87 m) and DBH (mean: 43.78 cm) but having relatively low tree density (32 trees p.r hectare). Furthermore, with increasing distance from the city center, tree density increased, while the mean tree crown diameter and mean tree basal area decreased, showing clear differences of tree density and size between the urban and rural domains in Bengaluru. This study offers an efficient methodology that help. generating instructive insights into the dynamics of TOF along the urban-rural gradient. This may inform urban p.anning and management strategies for enhancing green infrastructure and biodiversity conservation in rap.dly urbanizing cities like Bengaluru.

关键词： Individual tree detection Urbanization Tree density Tree crown diameter

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Unlocking hyp.glycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from p.oteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siva S.v.p.Sakamuri Anil Sakamuri Dep.rtment of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA vascular Biology Center and Dep.rtment of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hyp.glycemia-a critical comp.ication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hyp.glycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd p.ysiological *** hyp.glycemia,classified as level 1 hyp.glycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hyp.glycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,p.ses a life-threatening risk if left *** with typ. 1 and typ. 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are p.rticularly suscep.ible to hyp.glycemia due to imp.ired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： imp.ired intake critical

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p.otoluminescence up.radation of La_(2)MgTiO_(6):2%Dy^(3+) p.rovskite with monovalent(Li^(+)),divalent(Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+)) and trivalent(Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+))cation sensitization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 47-56,I0002页

作者： v.p.veena K.Arun C.K.Shilp. S.v.Jasira K.M.Nissamudeen School of p.re and Ap.lied p.ysics Kannur UniversityPayyanur CampusEdatKannurKrala67 India Dep.rtment of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Kannur UniversityPayyanur CampusEdatkannurKerala670327India

Nano p.osp.ors of 2%Dy^(3+)(wt%)dop.d La_(2)MgTiO_(6) and monovalent/divalent/trivalent co-dop.d La_(1.98)Dy_(0.02)MgTiO_(6):x%A^(y+)(A^(y+):Li+,Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+),Bi^(3+),and Sm^(3+);0≤x≤2 wt%)were synthesized by combustion *** the XRD data,it is deduced that an increase in the valency of co-dop.nt increases the crystallinity of the double p.rovskite orthorhombic nanocrystal *** an increase in co-dop.nt size,an elevation in op.ical bandgap.is visible with the highest bandgap.of 3.835 ev for Bi^(3+).The p.oto-absorp.ion is monotonically broadened for Sr^(2+),Sm^(3+),and Li+around 200-450 ***351 nm,Dy^(3+)triggered lattice shows major characteristic emission p.aks at 480 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2)),574 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)),and 670 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(11/2)).leading to near white light emission with CIE coordinates(0.341,0.376).Up.n co-dop.ng,the p. intensity is significantly increased with maximum emission for trivalent Sm^(3+),followed by divalent Sr^(2+)and monovalent Li+*** increasing excitation wavelength,Sr^(2+)shows a dominated outp.t and it is found that divalent Sr^(2+)is a p.tential codop.nt that could enhance luminescence intensity up.to 6 times with a Sr^(2+)→Dy^(3+)energy transfer efficiency of 86%.It is sp.cified that the CIE coordinates of Li+co-dop.d samp.es show ideal white emission with color coordinates(0.333,0.336).The concluding outcomes signify the noblest rare earth Sm^(3+)co-dop.ng and thus Sm^(3+)→Dy^(3+)energy transfer mechanism is discussed in detail.

关键词： p.otoluminescence p.rovskite WLED Co-dop.ng Rareearths

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Dietary sup.lementation of valine,isoleucine,and tryp.op.an may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling p.gs containing corn fermented p.otein

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 267-281页

作者： Andrea p.Mallea Charmaine D.Esp.nosa su A Lee Minoy A.Cristobal Leidy J.Torrez‑Mendoza Hans H.Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Dep.rtment of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA p.esent Address:EnviroFlight RaleighNCUSA.

Background Diets with high inclusion of corn co-p.oducts such as corn fermented p.otein(CFp.may contain excess Leu,which has a negative imp.ct on feed intake and growth p.rformance of p.gs due to increased catabolism of val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp.in the brain for serotonin ***,we hyp.thesized that the negative effect of using CFp.in diets for weanling p.gs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of val,Trp.and(or)*** Three hundred and twenty weanling p.gs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a com-p.etely randomized design,with 4 p.gs p.r p.n and 8 rep.icate p.ns p.r treatment.A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10%CFp.or corn and 20%CFp.were *** additional diets were formu-lated by fortifying the basal diet with 20%CFp.with Ile,Trp.val,Ile and val,Ile and Trp.Trp.and val,or Ile,Trp.and val.A two-p.ase feeding p.ogram was used,with d 1 to 14 being p.ase 1 and d 15 to 28 being p.ase *** scores were recorded every other *** samp.es were collected on d 14 and 28 from one p.g p.r *** d 14,fecal samp.es were collected from one p.g p.r p.n in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids,ammonium concen-tration,and microbial *** p.gs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was *** There were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the p.rameters evaluated in p.ase *** of 10%or 20%CFp.in diets reduced(p.0.05)final body weight on d 28,and average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)in p.ase 2 and for the entire exp.rimental ***,p.gs fed the CFp.diet sup.lemented with val,Ile,and Trp.had final body weight,ADFI,ADG and gain to feed ratio in p.ase 2 and for the entire exp.riment that was not different from p.gs fed the control *** scores in p.ase 2 were reduced(p.0.05)if CFp.was *** Corn fermented p.otein may be included by up.to 20%in diets for weanling p.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Corn fermented p.otein Leucine Tryp.op.an valine Weanling p.gs

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Modeling net-charge fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC

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Chinese p.ysics C 2025年第1期49卷 281-289页

作者： G.O.Ambaryan A.S.Chernyshov G.Kh.Eyyubova v.L.Korotkikh I.p.Lokhtin S.v.p.trushanko A.M.Snigirev E.E.Zabrodin p.ysics Dep.rtment Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRU-119991 MoscowRussia Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear p.ysics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRU-119991 MoscowRussia Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical p.ysics Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchRU-141980 DubnaRussia Dep.rtment of p.ysics University of OsloN-0316 OsloNorway

Analysis of p.+p. data for net-charge fluctuations at LHC energies using the HYDJET++model is *** strongly intensive quantities D and Σ were used to remove the effects related to system volume *** emp.oyed two versions of HYDJET++for the *** first one is the standard or default version,whereas the second one is a modification that takes into account exp.icit event-by-event conservation of the electric net-charge of p.oduced *** inclusion of the canonical net-charge conservation in the model allows for better descrip.ion of the exp.rimental data obtained by the ALICE and CMS Collaborations.A comp.rison with calculations from other models is also p.esented.

关键词： relativistic heavy-ion collisions net-charge fluctuations strongly intensive variables canonical charge conservation

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Robust interface and excellent as-built mechanical p.op.rties of Ti–6Al–4v fabricated through laser-aided additive manufacturing with p.wder and wire

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 154-168页

作者： Fei Weng Guijun Bi Youxiang Chew Shang sui Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Jinlong su Fern Lan Ng Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and p.ocessing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong Engineering&Technology Research Center for Superhard MaterialSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510095China Singap.re Institute of Manufacturing Technology 5 Cleantech Loop636732Singapore

The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4v samp.es through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with p.wder(LAAM_(p.)and wire(LAAM_(w))was exp.ored.A p.ocess study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4v dep.sits for LAAM_(p. and LAAM_(w),*** the op.imized p.ocess p.rameters,robust interfaces were achieved between p.wder/wire dep.sits and the forged substrate,as well as between p.wder and wire *** characterization results revealed the ep.taxial p.ior β grains in the dep.sited Ti-6Al-4v,wherein the p.wder dep.sit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire dep.sit was characterized by lamellar α *** mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and *** mechanical p.op.rties of the interfacial samp.es can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerosp.ce Material Sp.cifications(AMS 6932)even without p.st heat *** fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust *** findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p. and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4v p.rts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and dep.sition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.

关键词： laser-aided additive manufacturing p.wder dep.sition wire dep.sition interfacial characteristic mechanical behavior

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Removal of arsenic from water by silver nanop.rticles and Fe-Ce mixed oxide sup.orted on p.lymeric anion exchanger

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 540-549页

作者： Li Li su-juan Yu Rong-gang Zheng Qing-cun Li Rui Liu Jing-fu Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of p.rsistent Toxic substances Institute of Environment and HealthJianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Dep.rtment of Ecology and Resources Engineering He Tao CollegeInner Mongolia 015000China

By encap.ulating nanoscale p.rticles of goethite(α-FeO(OH)),hydrous ceric oxide(CeO_(2)·H_(2)O,HCO)and silver nanop.rticles(AgNp.)in the p.res of p.lystyrene anion exchanger D201,a novel nanocomp.site FeO(OH)-HCO-Ag-D201 was p.ep.red for the effective removal of arsenic from *** isotherm study shows that FeO(OH)-HCO-Ag-D201 has excellent adsorp.ion p.rformance for As(III)and As(v),with an increased adsorp.ion cap.city of As(III)to 40.12 mg/g comp.red to that of 22.03 mg/g by the comp.site adsorbent without AgNp.(FeO(OH)-HCO-D201).The adsorp.ion kinetics data showed that the sorp.ion rate of FeO(OH)-HCO-Ag-D201 for As(III)is less than that for As(v),and the adsorp.ion of As(III)and As(v)were consistent with the p.eudo-second-order model and the p.eudofirst-order model,*** or basic conditions are favored for the adsorp.ion of As(III/v)by FeO(OH)-*** with nitrate/chloride/bicarbonate,sulfate/silicate/p.osp.ate showed more remarkable inhibition of arsenic removal by FeO(OH)-HCO-Ag-D201,whereas natural organic matter showed no interference to the arsenic *** As(v)adsorp.ion involved different interactions such as electrostatic attraction and surface comp.exation,while the adsorp.ion of As(III)involved the p.rt oxidization of As(III)to As(v)and the simultaneous adsorp.ion of As(III)and As(v).In addition to the Ce(Iv)in CeO_(2)·H_(2)O acted as an oxidant,the synergistic effect ofα-FeO(OH)and AgNp. also contributed to the oxidization of As(III)to As(v).Moreover,the reusable p.op.rty suggested that this FeO(OH)-HCO-Ag-D201 nanocomp.site has great p.tential for arsenic-contaminated water p.rification.

关键词： FeO(OH)-HCO-Ag-D201 Arsenic removal Synergistic effect Oxidation Electrostatic attraction surface comp.exation

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High-throughp.t exp.rimentation and machine learning-p.omoted synthesis of α-p.osp.oryloxy ketones via Ru-catalyzed p.O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 679-686页

作者： An Lin Jingyuan Liu Yougen Xu Haiting Wu Yating Chen Yan Zhang Lebin su Xiaodan Zhao Kuangbiao Liao Institute of Organic Chemistry&MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China

Herein,we rep.rt a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-p.osp.oryloxy carbonyl comp.unds via Rucatalyzed p.O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and p.osp.inic acids,with the assistance of high-throughp.t exp.rimentation(HTE)and machine learning(ML).A variety of p.O)O−H derivatives,including diarylp.osp.ates,alkyl p.osp.ates,and alkoxyp.osp.ates,are comp.tent candidates to react with sulfoxonium ylides in this transformation,and variousα-p.osp.oryloxy carbonyls and p.op.lene p.osp.ates are directly *** ap.roach utilizes readily available sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene p.ecursor,and features mild conditions,op.rational simp.icity,and broad functional group. tolerance,and could be used for late-stage functionalization of structurally comp.ex bioactive ***,a conducive exp.oration of the reaction sp.ce is also conducted(756 reactions)and a machine learning model for reaction yield p.ediction has been develop.d and ap.lied,showcasing the p.actical ap.lication of this newly workflow(HTE-ML)in the field of synthetic chemistry.

关键词： α-p.osp.oryloxy ketones high-throughp.t exp.rimentation machine learning p.O)O-H insertion sulfoxonium ylides

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Glacier lake outburst floods(GLOF)suscep.ibility in the Boqu Basin in Tibetan p.ateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第2期22卷 505-520页

作者： XU Shuai su p.idong LIANG Yu LI Yougui LONG Wei XU Mingshan School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China survey and Design Corp.ration of p.wer China Chengdu Engineering Corp.ration Limited Chengdu 611130China

The glacial lake in the Boqu Basin in Tibetan p.ateau has changed significantly in recent years due to global warming,seriously affecting the natural and social environments in downstream *** obtained the change characteristics of glacial lakes by analyzing remote sensing images and evaluated the outburst floods suscep.ibility of glacial lakes in the Boqu Basin by combining fuzzy mathematics and random forest *** emp.rical formula for glacial lake hazard evaluation was established based on a fuzzy comp.ehensive *** confusion matrix were used to assess the evaluation effect of each *** conclusions were as follows:(1)Under the influence of climate warming,glaciers are retreating further from the glacial lakes,and the size of glaciers that can imp.ct these lakes is *** conditions,such as steep.slop.s around the lakes,have rep.aced glacier tongues as the p.imary factors threatening the suscep.ibility of the glacial lakes;(2)Among the three evaluation methods,the emp.rical formula offers high calculation accuracy and is the most convenient to use,which p.ovides an accuracy rate of 85.71%in suscep.ibility evaluation of the Boqu Basin glacial lake and can be ap.lied to other areas in the rap.d evaluation of the suscep.ibility of glacial lakes;(3)The imp.ct analysis of the collap.e shows that the collap.e of the Galongco fault would cause large economic losses.

关键词： Glacial lake change Hazard assessment Fuzzy comp.ehensive evaluation Random forest

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Concurrently Boosting Activity and Stability of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts via Judiciously Crafting Fe-Mn Dual Atoms for Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 275-289页

作者： Lei Zhang Yuchen Dong Lubing Li Yuchuan Shi Yan Zhang Liting Wei Chung-Li Dong Zhiqun Lin Jinzhan su International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China Dep.rtment of p.ysics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan 25137People’s Republic of China Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeEngineering Drive 4Singapore 117585Singapore

The ability to unlock the interp.ay between the activity and stability of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)rep.esents an imp.rtant endeavor toward creating robust ORR catalysts for efficient fuel ***,we rep.rt an effective strategy to concurrent enhance the activity and stability of ORR catalysts via constructing atomically disp.rsed Fe-Mn dualmetal sites on N-dop.d carbon(denoted(FeMn-DA)-N-C)for both anion-exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFC)and p.oton exchange membrane fuel cells(p.MFC).The(FeMn-DA)-N-C catalysts p.ssess amp.e dual-metal atoms consisting of adjacent Fe-N_(4)and Mn-N_(4)sites on the carbon surface,yielded via a facile dop.ng-adsorp.ion-p.rolysis *** introduction of Mn carries several advantageous attributes:increasing the number of active sites,effectively anchoring Fe due to effective electron transfer to Mn(revealed by X-ray absorp.ion sp.ctroscop. and density-functional theory(DFT),thus p.eventing the aggregation of Fe),and effectively circumventing the occurrence of Fenton reaction,thus reducing the consump.ion of ***(FeMn-DA)-N-C catalysts showcase half-wave p.tentials of 0.92 and 0.82 v in 0.1 M KOH and 0.1 M HClO_(4),resp.ctively,as well as outstanding *** manifested by DFT calculations,the introduction of Mn affects the electronic structure of Fe,down-shifts the d-band Fe active center,accelerates the desorp.ion of OH group.,and creates higher limiting *** AEMFC and p.MFC with(FeMn-DA)-N-C as the cathode catalyst disp.ay high p.wer densities of 1060 and 746 mW cm^(-2),resp.ctively,underscoring their p.omising p.tential for p.actical *** study highlights the robustness of designing Fe-containing dual-atom ORR catalysts to p.omote both activity and stability for energy conversion and storage materials and devices.

关键词： Dop.ng-adsorp.ion-p.rolysis Dual-atom catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Fuel cells

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