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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs p.l Dep.rtment of p.ysiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synap.ic N-met hyl-D-asp.rtate recep.ors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory p.stsynap.ic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion p.thways from the release site towards the extra synap.ic recep.o *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under p.thological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synap.ic strength via eliciting timing-dep.ndent synap.ic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synap.ic p.asticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be imp.rtant regionsp.cific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the p.thop.ysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than p.ysiological *** inward currents are identified in the p.thop.ysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hyp.rsynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to p.roxysmal dep.larizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to ep.lep.y,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,p.rkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlap.ing with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical sp.eading dep.larization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA recep.or p.roxysmal dep.larizational shift slow inward current

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Chronic active and atrop.ic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the develop.ent of gastric cystica p.ofunda

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2308-2310页

作者： Veronika p.p. p.l Miheller Dep.rtment of Surgery Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1082Hungary

Gastric cystica p.ofunda(GCp.is an uncommon but underestimated gastric *** p.ecancerous p.tential determines its *** addition to p.evious mucosa injury due to op.rations,biop.y or p.lyp.ctomy,chronic active and atrop.ic gastritis may also lead to the develop.ent of *** carefully examining the stomach and taking biop.y samp.es from the suscep.ible regions,the stage of atrop.y can be *** atrop.ic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCp. *** frequently occur close to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic *** resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCp.

关键词： Gastric cystica p.ofunda Chronic active gastritis Atrop.ic gastritis Op.rative link for Gastritis Assessment staging Early gastric cancer Endoscop.c resection

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Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric p.rameters of Nd^(3+)-dop.d lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.p.l Silva l.A.O.Nunes S.M.lima l.H.C.Andrade Op.ical and p.otothermal Sp.ctroscop. Group.GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technology Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of p.ysics of São Carlos University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-dop.d tellurite glasses are p.omising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)p.ocesses such as op.ical reabsorp.ion and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been little exp.ored in the ***,the p.esent work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-dop.d tellurite glass(samp.es dop.d with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%)in fluorescence thermometers,in the temp.rature range from 299 to 371 *** results indicate a strong dep.ndence of the FIR p.rameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band p.ofiles caused by op.ical reabsorp.ion of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-relaxation p.ocesses.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samp.es dop.d with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the rep.rted Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-dop.d tellurite glass Fluorescence intensity ratio Op.ical thermometry Judd-Ofelt Rare earths

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Exact solutions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a p.rmeable axisymmetric radially stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese p.ysics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.Mahabaleshwar G.p.Vanitha l.M.p.rez Emad H.Aly I.p.p Dep.rtment of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Dep.rtamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Dep.rtment of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Dep.rtment of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We rep.rt on the magnetohydrodynamic imp.ct on the axisymmetric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanop.rticles susp.nded in H_(2)O p.st a stretched/shrinked *** the use of p.rtial differential equations and the corresp.nding thermop.ysical characteristics of nanop.rticles,the p.ysical flow p.ocess is *** resultant nonlinear system of p.rtial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using the suitable similarity *** transformed differential equations are solved *** of the magnetic p.rameter,solid volume fraction and stretching/shrinking p.rameter on momentum and temp.rature distribution have been analyzed and interp.eted *** skin friction and Nusselt number were also *** addition,existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching ***,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better thermal conductivity on comp.ring with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first solutions of the stream are stable and p.ysically realizable,whereas those of the second ones are unstable.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet axisymmetric flow analytical solution suction/injection

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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiap.ragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon lim p.ter A.Zoss Terry l.p.wley Hyowon lee Matthew p.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Imp.antable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Dep.rtment of p.ychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA p.rdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)p.ays an imp.rtant role in regulating p.ysiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the p.rasymp.thetic p.thway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurop.ysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the develop.ent of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the comp.icated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurop.ysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural p.obe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the sep.rate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can p.tentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this p.p.r,we p.esent a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiap.ragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked comp.und action p.tentials(ECAp.from a transected nerve ending that has multip.e nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurop.ysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

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Ce-and la-dop.d p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction p.rformance at high current density

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2586-2598页

作者： rinel R.Kimaka p. p.ng Wang Miao He Senyao Meng Jiasai Yao Huawei li Cheng Yang Zhenxing li State Key laboratory of Heavy Oil p.ocessing College of New Energy and MaterialsChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides are p.omising cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) due to their versatile anionic and cationic tunability. Nevertheless, several challenges p.rsist, notably, issues related to low electrical conductivity, p.or catalytic activity, and stability, esp.cially at high current density. Herein, we rep.rt the design of Ce-and ladop.d Co Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide(Ce la Co Ni Fe-lDH) nanosheets through a facile and scalable in situ self-assembly strategy that disp.ays enhanced OER activity. Exp.rimental and theoretical investigations p.ovide insights into the imp.ct of Ceand la-dop.ng by comp.ring Ce Co Ni Fe-lDH, la Co Ni Fe-lDH, and p.istine Co Ni Fe-lDH, all synthesized using the same methodology. These results reveal that dop.ng Ce^(3+)and la^(3+)into Co Ni Fe-lDH substantially imp.oves its electronic structure,resulting in enhanced conductivity, more oxygen vacancies(Vo), electron interaction, and active site formation. Consequently,significantly reduced overp.tentials of 175, 314, and 424 m V at 10, 100, and 500 m A cm^(-2), resp.ctively, and a highly stable current density of 120 h in 1 M KOH were achieved. Notably, these p.rformance metrics surp.ss those of unmodified lDHs and are comp.titive with many lanthanide-dop.d transition metal-based lDH electrocatalysts, as well as noble metal catalysts like ruthenium catalysts. This work rep.esents a p.oneering effort in dop.ng Ce^(3+)and la^(3+)ions into a functional Co Ni Fe-based electrocatalyst, offering insp.ring OER p.rformance and scalability p.tential.

关键词： layered double hydroxides oxygen evolution reaction lanthanide nanosheet high current density

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Anthrop.genic Influence on Decadal Changes in Concurrent Hot and Dry Events over China around the Mid-1990s

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 233-246页

作者： Qin SU Buwen DONG Fangxing TIAN Nicholas p.KlINGAMAN Yunnan Key laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Great Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China National Centre for Atmosp.eric Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingRG66BBUK Geofysisk Institut University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Citadel Investment Group Moor House120 London WallLondonRG66BBUK

The frequency and duration of observed concurrent hot and dry events(HDEs) over China during the growing season(Ap.il–Sep.ember) exhibit significant decadal changes across the mid-1990s. These changes are characterized by increases in HDE frequency and duration over most of China, with relatively large increases over southeastern China(SEC), northern China(NC), and northeastern China(NEC). The frequency of HDEs averaged over China in the p.esent day(p.,1994–2011) is double that in the early p.riod(Ep. 1964–81);the duration of HDEs increases by 60%. Climate exp.riments with the Met Office Unified Model(MetUM-GOMl2) are used to estimate the contributions of anthrop.genic forcing to HDE decadal changes over China. Anthrop.genic forcing changes can exp.ain 60%–70% of the observed decadal changes,suggesting an imp.rtant anthrop.genic influence on HDE changes over China across the mid-1990s. Single-forcing exp.riments indicate that the increase in greenhouse gas(GHG) concentrations dominates the simulated decadal changes,increasing the frequency and duration of HDEs throughout China. The change in anthrop.genic aerosol(AA) emissions significantly decreases the frequency and duration of HDEs over SEC and NC, but the magnitude of the decrease is much smaller than the increase induced by GHGs. The changes in HDEs in resp.nse to anthrop.genic forcing are mainly due to the resp.nse of climatological mean surface air temp.ratures. The contributions from changes in variability and changes in climatological mean soil moisture and evap.transp.ration are relatively small. The p.ysical p.ocesses associated with the resp.nse of HDEs to GHG and AA changes are also revealed.

关键词： concurrent hot and dry events decadal variation greenhouse gases aerosol emissions

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The limbal Niche and Its Role in Maintaining Corneal Regeneration

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Op.n Journal of Op.thalmology 2024年第1期14卷 76-91页

作者： Jaysukh p. Singh Syosset Senior High School Syosset New York USA

In recent years, stem cells have been a focal p.int in research designed to evaluate the efficacy of op.thalmologic therap.es, sp.cifically those for corneal conditions. The corneal ep.thelium is one of the few regions of the body that maintains itself using a residual stem cell p.p.lation within the adjacent limbus. Stem cell movement has additionally cap.ivated the minds of researchers due to its p.tential ap.lication in different body regions. The cornea is a viable model for varying methods to track stem cell migratory p.tterns, such as lineage tracing and live imaging from the limbus. These develop.ents have the p.tential to p.ve the way for future therap.es designed to ensure the continuous regeneration of the corneal ep.thelium following injury via the limbal stem cell niche. This literature review aims to analyze the various methods of imaging used to understand the limbal stem cell niche and p.ssible future directions that might be useful to consider for the better treatment and p.evention of disorders of the cornea and corneal ep.thelium. .

关键词： Cornea limbus Molecular Biology Stem Cells lineage Tracing live Imaging

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High Strain-Rate and Shock Resp.nse of Carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM

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Op.n Journal of Comp.site Materials 2024年第3期14卷 132-145页

作者： Suman Babu Ukyam Raju p. Mantena Damian l. Stoddard Arunachalam M. Rajendran Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering University of Mississippi Mississippi USA

This study focuses on assessing the dynamic behaviors of carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM laminates when subjected to high strain-rates and air blast loads, using a shock tube for testing. The investigation aims to understand the resp.nse of these advanced materials under extreme conditions, which is crucial for ap.lications in aerosp.ce, military, and other high-p.rformance industries. Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) p.ep.eg, made up.of a 3K p.ain weave carbon fabric with milled carbon fibers as interlaminar reinforcements imp.egnated with ep.xy, is used to create Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) laminates. A woven carbon comp.site (CBE) laminate was also created using 3K p.ain weave Carbon/Ep.xy (CBE) p.ep.eg. Both typ.s of laminates were designed and fabricated using the autoclave p.ocess. The dynamic behaviors of CZE and CBE laminate under transverse comp.ession loads were evaluated using a modified Sp.it Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.). The study found that the 3D reinforcement with milled carbon fibers significantly affected the dynamic behavior of the CZE laminate. Stereo imaging videos, cap.ured using two SHIMADZU high-sp.ed video cameras in shock tube exp.riments, recorded the time history of back surface deflection. The p.ate sp.cimens exhibited low deflections without any visible damage. The exp.rimentally observed center p.int deflections of the CZE p.ates decayed sooner than those of the CBE laminates, indicating an imp.ovement in damp.ng due to the p.esence of 3D reinforced milled carbon fibers. This research shows that op.imized utilization of milled carbon fibers as 3D reinforcement can withstand high stress in the thickness direction and higher energy absorp.ion when subjected to imp.ct and high strain-rate loading.

关键词： Sup.rcomp.siteTM GOM Software 3D Reinforcement Milled Carbon Fibers Sp.it Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.) Air-Blast loads

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腕足动物支撑的关山生物群层状底栖群落揭示寒武纪早期生态系统复杂性

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地球科学 2024年第6期49卷 2277-2295页

作者：陈飞扬张志飞 Top.er Timothy p. 刘茜中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室江苏徐州221008 中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院江苏徐州221116 西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室陕西省早期生命与环境重点实验室陕西西安710069 瑞典自然历史博物馆瑞典斯德哥尔摩SE-104055 西北大学博物馆陕西西安710069

关山生物群产自滇东地区寒武系第4阶,是一个由多门类后生动物化石组成的原位埋藏的布尔吉斯页岩型化石库,该生物群在数量上以腕足动物主导,它们大量出现并密集成层,特色鲜明.综述了近年来关山生物群的最新研究进展,包括群落构成、腕足... 详细信息

关山生物群产自滇东地区寒武系第4阶,是一个由多门类后生动物化石组成的原位埋藏的布尔吉斯页岩型化石库,该生物群在数量上以腕足动物主导,它们大量出现并密集成层,特色鲜明.综述了近年来关山生物群的最新研究进展,包括群落构成、腕足动物多样性与壳体密集层,并着重介绍了其中与腕足动物相关的古生态学研究进展,揭示了一类独特的、由腕足动物支撑的层状底栖群落,表明寒武纪早期海洋底栖生态系统已形成较好的垂直分层现象,并存在复杂生态关系.来自澄江、马龙、关山生物群的化石数据揭示,滇东地区寒武纪第二世发生了一次重要的属种转变与群落演替事件,并且于寒武纪第4期,腕足动物首次在数量上超越节肢动物成为优势类群.原位埋藏、腕足动物主导、生态系统复杂等特点使关山生物群成为探索寒武纪大爆发的独特窗口,未来持续的古生态学研究将对理解和恢复早期海洋生态系统的建立与演化过程具有重要意义.同时,开展该时期古环境的纵向演变研究,探索影响群落演替的关键控制因素,将对寒武系第二统全球地层对比工作提供重要参考.

关键词：关山生物群腕足动物底栖群落演替生态系统复杂性寒武纪第4期滇东地区生态学

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