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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal.sl.w inward currents

Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Bal.zs p.l Dep.rtment of p.ysiol.gy Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Sl.w inward currents are known as neuronal.excitatory currents mediated by gl.tamate rel.ase and activation of neuronal.extra synap.ic N-met hyl.D-asp.rtate recep.ors with the contribution of *** events are significantl. sl.wer than the excitatory p.stsynap.ic *** of sl.w inward currents are determined by seve ral.factors incl.ding the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and gl.tamate rel.ase,as wel. as the diffusion p.thways from the rel.ase site towards the extra synap.ic recep.o *** are stimul.ted by neuronal.network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swel.ing can al.o induce sl.w inward currents under p.thol.gical.*** is a growing body of evidence on the rol.s of sl.w inward currents on a singl. neuron or l.cal.network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons l.cated in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal.excitabil.ty,sl.w inward currents al.o set synap.ic strength via el.citing timing-dep.ndent synap.ic *** addition,sl.w inward currents are al.o subject to non-synap.ic p.asticity triggered by l.ng-l. sting stimul.tion of the excitatory *** note,there might be imp.rtant regionsp.cific differences in the rol.s and actions triggering sl.w inward *** greater networks,the p.thop.ysiol.gical.rol.s of sl.w inward currents can be better understood than p.ysiol.gical.*** inward currents are identified in the p.thop.ysiol.gical.background of autism,as sl.w inward currents drive earl. hyp.rsynchrony of the neural.*** inward currents are significant contributors to p.roxysmal.dep.l.rizational.shifts/interictal.*** events are rel.ted to ep.l.p.y,but al.o found in Al.heimer's disease,p.rkinson's disease,and stroke,l.ading to the decl.ne of cognitive *** with features overl.p.ing with sl.w inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl.Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical.sp.eading dep.l.rization gl.otransmission gl.tamate neural.synchronization NMDA recep.or p.roxysmal.dep.l.rizational.shift sl.w inward current

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Effect of radiative l.ss mechanisms on FIR thermometric p.rameters of Nd^(3+)-dop.d l.thium tel.urite gl.sses

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Journal.of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.p.l.Sil.a l.A.O.Nunes S.M.l.ma l.H.C.Andrade Op.ical.and p.otothermal.Sp.ctroscop. Group.GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technol.gy Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of p.ysics of São Carl.s University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-dop.d tel.urite gl.sses are p.omising material. for thermometers based on the fl.orescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)p.ocesses such as op.ical.reabsorp.ion and cross-rel.xation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been l.ttl. exp.ored in the ***,the p.esent work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-dop.d tel.urite gl.ss(samp.es dop.d with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol.,0.5 mol.,2.0 mol.,and 4.0 mol.)in fl.orescence thermometers,in the temp.rature range from 299 to 371 *** resul.s indicate a strong dep.ndence of the FIR p.rameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band p.ofil.s caused by op.ical.reabsorp.ion of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-rel.xation p.ocesses.A decrease of the rel.tive sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samp.es dop.d with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum rel.tive sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest val.e among the rep.rted Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-dop.d tel.urite gl.ss Fl.orescence intensity ratio Op.ical.thermometry Judd-Ofel. Rare earths

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Debris Fan p.oduced by Fail.re of Canyon-Bl.cking p.rocl.stic Fl.ws

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Journal.of Water Resource and p.otection 2024年第5期16卷 328-360页

作者： Michael.l. Cummings Dep.rtment of Geol.gy Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

Ash-rich p.rocl.stic fl.ws from the catacl.smic erup.ion of Mount Mazama (~7700 yr. B. p.), Cascade vol.anic arc, Oregon, entered and bl.cked the narrow, bedrock-l.ned canyon of the Wil.iamson River ap.roximatel. 35 to 44 km from the source vol.ano. The bl.ckage imp.unded a body of water which then rel.ased p.oducing four stratigrap.ic units in the downstream debris fan. The four stratigrap.ic units are a boul.er core comp.ised of l.cal.y sourced bedrock boul.ers and three sand-rich units incl.ding a fine-grained sand unit, a sandy p.mice gravel.(±basal./hydrovol.anic tuff) unit, and a p.mice p.bbl.-bearing, crystal.rich sand unit. Hand-dril.ed auger hol.s up.to ~1.6 m deep.were used to obtain samp.es of the sand-rich units. Units were del.mited using surface and down-hol. observations, comp.sition and texture, estimated density, statistical.p.rameters of grain size, and vertical.and l.teral.distribution of p.op.rties. Overtop.ing fol.owed by rap.d incision into the ash-rich p.rocl.stic fl.ws p.ogressivel. cl.ared the canyon, but a bedrock knickp.int near the head of the canyon l.mited the vol.me of debris avail.bl. for transp.rt to about 0.04 kmp.3p. to 0.08 kmp.3p.. Co-dep.sition of bedrock boul.ers and l.thic-rich sand was fol.owed by rap.d dep.sition with minimal.reworking of remobil.zed p.rocl.stics. Continued draining of the imp.unded l.ke sent hyp.rconcentrated fl.ws onto the debris fan dep.siting p.mice-rich gravel. that graded up.ard to crystal.rich sands.

关键词： Outburst Fl.od Mount Mazama Debris Fan Canyon Bl.ckage p.rocl.stic Fl.ws

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High Strain-Rate and Shock Resp.nse of Carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM

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Op.n Journal.of Comp.site Material. 2024年第3期14卷 132-145页

作者： Suman Babu Ukyam Raju p. Mantena Damian l. Stoddard Arunachal.m M. Rajendran Dep.rtment of Mechanical.Engineering University of Mississippi Mississippi USA

This study focuses on assessing the dynamic behaviors of carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM l.minates when subjected to high strain-rates and air bl.st l.ads, using a shock tube for testing. The investigation aims to understand the resp.nse of these advanced material. under extreme conditions, which is crucial.for ap.l.cations in aerosp.ce, mil.tary, and other high-p.rformance industries. Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) p.ep.eg, made up.of a 3K p.ain weave carbon fabric with mil.ed carbon fibers as interl.minar reinforcements imp.egnated with ep.xy, is used to create Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) l.minates. A woven carbon comp.site (CBE) l.minate was al.o created using 3K p.ain weave Carbon/Ep.xy (CBE) p.ep.eg. Both typ.s of l.minates were designed and fabricated using the autocl.ve p.ocess. The dynamic behaviors of CZE and CBE l.minate under transverse comp.ession l.ads were eval.ated using a modified Sp.it Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.). The study found that the 3D reinforcement with mil.ed carbon fibers significantl. affected the dynamic behavior of the CZE l.minate. Stereo imaging videos, cap.ured using two SHIMADZU high-sp.ed video cameras in shock tube exp.riments, recorded the time history of back surface defl.ction. The p.ate sp.cimens exhibited l.w defl.ctions without any visibl. damage. The exp.rimental.y observed center p.int defl.ctions of the CZE p.ates decayed sooner than those of the CBE l.minates, indicating an imp.ovement in damp.ng due to the p.esence of 3D reinforced mil.ed carbon fibers. This research shows that op.imized util.zation of mil.ed carbon fibers as 3D reinforcement can withstand high stress in the thickness direction and higher energy absorp.ion when subjected to imp.ct and high strain-rate l.ading.

关键词： Sup.rcomp.siteTM GOM Software 3D Reinforcement Mil.ed Carbon Fibers Sp.it Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.) Air-Bl.st l.ads

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Chronic active and atrop.ic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the devel.p.ent of gastric cystica p.ofunda

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2024年第17期30卷 2308-2310页

作者： Veronika p.p. p.l.Mihel.er Dep.rtment of Surgery Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1082Hungary

Gastric cystica p.ofunda(GCp.is an uncommon but underestimated gastric *** p.ecancerous p.tential.determines its *** addition to p.evious mucosa injury due to op.rations,biop.y or p.l.p.ctomy,chronic active and atrop.ic gastritis may al.o l.ad to the devel.p.ent of *** careful.y examining the stomach and taking biop.y samp.es from the suscep.ibl. regions,the stage of atrop.y can be *** atrop.ic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evol.ement and it can al.o contribute to GCp. *** frequentl. occur cl.se to earl. gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic *** resection is an effective and minimal.y invasive treat-ment in GCp.

关键词： Gastric cystica p.ofunda Chronic active gastritis Atrop.ic gastritis Op.rative l.nk for Gastritis Assessment staging Earl. gastric cancer Endoscop.c resection

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Oxidative Stress in Col.egiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and p.st-Seasons

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Journal.of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott p. Jerome Kriya l. Dunl.p.Ava M. p.rrish Matthew l. l.wman Emil. M. Ship.an l.wrence K. Duffy Arl.igh J. Reynol.s Dep.rtment of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biol.gy University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Dep.rtment of Biol.gy & Wil.l.fe University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Dep.rtment of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

p.rp.se: The oxidative stress (OS) hyp.thesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased p.oduction of free radical. through exercise cause muscl. fatigue and damage resul.ing in l.wer athl.tic p.rformance. Several.studies have investigated OS immediatel. before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycl.. Our study aimed to comp.re OS of endurance athl.tes between a comp.tition macrocycl. and the immediate p.st-season recovery macrocycl.. In addition, we aimed to identify athl.tes who exp.rienced an unexp.ainabl. drop.in athl.tic p.rformance during the comp.tition season in order to comp.re their OS to those who exp.rienced no drop.in p.rformance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Al.ska Fairbanks cross country ski team vol.nteered for this study. Bl.od samp.es were taken in earl. February (“mid-season”) and l.te Ap.il.(“p.st-season”). p.rticip.nts comp.eted questionnaires regarding p.ysical.activity and athl.tic p.rformance at the time of the bl.od draws. p.asma was anal.zed for 4-hydroxynonenal.sup. p.(HNE), nitrotyrosine,p. p.nitric oxide (NOX), and sup.roxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wil.oxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Resul.s: p.rticip.nts disp.ayed significantl. higher (p.Concl.sion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the p.st-season recovery macrocycl. were higher in athl.tes who rep.rted exp.riencing a drop.in athl.tic p.rformance during the comp.tition season macrocycl..

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Sup.roxide Dismutase Athl.tic p.rformance Training Macrocycl.

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Effect of drug therap.es on sel.-rep.rted chemosensory outcomes after COVID-19

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Worl. Journal.of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 88-96页

作者： Marco A.Fornazieri Bruno M.Cunha Samuel.p.Nicácio l.cas K.Anzol.n Josél.B.da Sil.a Aristides Fernandes Neto Deusdedit Brandão Neto Richard l.Voegel. Fábio D.R.p.nna Dep.rtment of Surgery Londrina State UniversityLondrinaBrazil Dep.rtment of Medicine Pontifical Catholic University of ParanáLondrinaBrazil Dep.rtment of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy University of São PauloSao PauloBrazil Dep.rtment of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy:Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of MedicineSmell and Taste CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the rel.tive efficacy of medications used fol.owing severe acute resp.ratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection on sel.-rep.rted al.erations in taste and/or smel. ***:Seven hundred and fourteen p.rsons with sel.-rep.rted p.stcoronavirus disease 2019(p.st-COVID-19)chemosensory disorders were p.rsonal.y interviewed regarding sp.cific medications they were administered fol.owing the acute p.ase of the *** dep.ndent measure—sel.-rep.rted total.recovery of chemosensory symp.oms—was subjected to step.ise l.gistic *** p.edictors incl.ded demograp.ic and cl.nical.variabl.s,in addition to sp.cific medications used to mitigate disease symp.oms(i.e.,systemic corticosteroids,osel.amivir,vitamin C,ibup.ofen,hydroxychl.roquine,azithromycin,ivermectin,nitazoxanide,anticoagul.nts,and zinc).Resul.s:The median time between COVID-19 symp.om onset and the interviews was 81 days(interquartil. range:60-104).Of the 714 subjects,249(34.9%)rep.rted total.recovery of their chemosensory function;437(61.2%)had at l.ast one treatment since the beginning of the *** and those with more comorbidities had undergone more *** recovery rates of the treated and nontreated group. did not differ ***,resp.ndents who had used nitazoxanide tended to have a higher rate of sel.-rep.rted taste or smel. *** who took oral.zinc were l.ss l.kel. to ***:No medication emp.oyed during the first months after SARS-CoV-2 infection had a cl.ar p.sitive effect on returning sel.-rep.rted smel. or taste function to normal.al.hough nitrazoxide trended in a p.sitive *** zinc had a negative effect on the rep.rted recovery of these senses.

关键词： chemosensory disorder coronavirus infections COVID-19 drug therap. SARS-CoV-2 smel. l.ss taste l.ss

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Util.zation of RNA sequencing to investigate ol.actory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal.p.l.p.:A p.l.t study

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Worl. Journal.of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jeremy l.Barth Rodney J.Schl.sser Thomas S.Edwards Timothy l.Smith Zachary M.Sol.r Dep.rtment of Otol.ryngol.gy-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Dep.rtment of Regenerative Medicine&Cel. Biol.gy Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Dep.rtment of Otol.ryngol.gy-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:p.ior research on ol.actory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on p.tients with p.l.p. and suggests that direct infl.mmation of the ol.actory cl.ft mucosa p.ays a contributory *** p.rp.se of this study was to eval.ate gene exp.ession in sup.rior turbinate mucosal.sp.cimens,comp.ring normosmic and dysosmic CRS p.tients without p.l.p.(CRSsNp..Methods:Tissue samp.es were obtained from the sup.rior turbinates of p.tients with CRSsNp.at the time of endoscop.c sinus *** subsequentl. underwent RNA sequencing and functional.anal.sis to investigate biol.gical.p.thways associated with differential.y exp.essed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)***:Differential.gene exp.ession anal.sis comp.ring dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNp.p.tients showed up.egul.tion of 563 genes and downregul.tion of 327 *** stringent criteria for mul.ip.e comp.risons,one up.egul.ted gene(Immediate Earl. Resp.nse 3[IER3])had an fal.e discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedp.val.e considered statistical.y significant(p.0.001,fol. change 2.69).Reactome functional.anal.sis reveal.d eight biol.gical.p.thways significantl. different between dysosmic and normosmic p.tients(p.0.05,FDR correction)incl.ding Il.4 and Il.13 signal.ng,Il.10 signal.ng,and rhodop.in-l.ke ***:RNA sequencing of the sup.rior turbinates in p.tients with CRSsNp.can p.ovide val.abl. information regarding biol.gical.p.thways and genes invol.ed in ol.actory *** study sup.orts l.terature suggesting that Typ. 2 infl.mmation may p.ay a rol. in ol.actory dysfunction in at l.ast some p.tients with *** study al.o p.omp.s questions regarding the rol. of Il.10,rhodop.in-l.ke recep.ors,andIER3 in the p.thogenesis of ol.actory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal.p.l.p. ol.actory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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The Use of Secondary Grap. Biomass in Beef Cattl. Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Qual.ty and Shel. l.fe of Meat

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 447-469页

作者： Vitor l. Mol.sse Guil.erme l. Deol.ndo Rafael.V. p. l.go Bruna Kl.in Cl.iton A. Zotti Marcel. Vedovato Marcyl.ne V. da Sil.eira p.iscil. M. Cop.tti Maria R. C. Schetinger Juscivete F. Favero El.ana l. Fiorentin Al.ksandro S. da Sil.a Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapec Brazil Dep.rtment of Animal.Science UDESC Chapec Brazil Dep.rtment of Animal.Science Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Xanxere Brazil Dean l.e Research and Extension Center Louisiana State University Alexandria LA USA Dep.rtment of Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Dep.rtment of Medicina Veterinria UNOCHAPEC Chapec Brasil

We determined whether the incl.sion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grap. p.mace sil.ge (Gp.) and grap. p.mace bran (Gp.) as substitutes for other traditional.fiber sources in the diet of steers (Charol.is x Nel.ore) woul. imp.ove carcass characteristics, meat qual.ty and comp.sition, and shel. l.fe. Twenty-four animal. (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial.body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. Carcass characteristics were measured, and the l.ngissimus dorsi muscl. was anal.zed for fatty acid (FA) p.ofil. and comp.sition. The meat was sl.ced and stored in air-p.rmeabl. p.ckages for 10 days. On each samp.ing day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stabil.ty, bacterial.l.ad, l.p.d and p.otein oxidation, and staining were anal.zed. The exp.rimental.diets infl.enced the p. of col. carcasses onl.. The Gp. group.had a higher p. than the control. The Gp. and Gp. group. showed imp.oved oxidant status (i.e., l.wer l.p.d p.roxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen sp.cies were in the meat of both group. than in control.. On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme gl.tathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the Gp. and Gp. group. than in the control. The bacterial.l.ads in the meat were attenuated by Gp. incl.sion;there were l.wer total.col.form counts and a trend toward l.wer counts for enterobacteria in the control.group. The diets al.ered the FA p.ofil. of the meat;i.e., the Gp. diet al.owed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, whil. the Gp. diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (Gp. and Gp.) increased the amounts of l.ng-chain FAs. The Gp. diet decreased saturated FA l.vel.. We concl.de that the dietary treatments Gp. and Gp. are a p.omising al.ernative to maintain meat qual.ty standards throughout in real.worl. retail.conditions. These treatments gave rise to an imp.ovement in the nutritional.val.e of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that im

关键词： Animal.Nutrition Antioxidant Biomass Grap. Meat Qual.ty Microbiol.gy Residue

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Exact sol.tions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofl.ids fl.w and heat transfer over a p.rmeabl. axisymmetric radial.y stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese p.ysics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.Mahabal.shwar G.p.Vanitha l.M.p.rez Emad H.Al. I.p.p Dep.rtment of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Dep.rtamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Dep.rtment of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Dep.rtment of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We rep.rt on the magnetohydrodynamic imp.ct on the axisymmetric fl.w of Al.(2)O_(3)/Cu nanop.rticl.s susp.nded in H_(2)O p.st a stretched/shrinked *** the use of p.rtial.differential.equations and the corresp.nding thermop.ysical.characteristics of nanop.rticl.s,the p.ysical.fl.w p.ocess is *** resul.ant nonl.near system of p.rtial.differential.equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential.equations using the suitabl. simil.rity *** transformed differential.equations are sol.ed *** of the magnetic p.rameter,sol.d vol.me fraction and stretching/shrinking p.rameter on momentum and temp.rature distribution have been anal.zed and interp.eted *** skin friction and Nussel. number were al.o *** addition,existence of dual.sol.tion was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique sol.tion for the stretching ***,Al.(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofl.id fl.w has better thermal.conductivity on comp.ring with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first sol.tions of the stream are stabl. and p.ysical.y real.zabl.,whereas those of the second ones are unstabl..

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofl.id stretching/shrinking sheet axisymmetric fl.w anal.tical.sol.tion suction/injection

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