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Informing Food Consump.ion Choices: Innovations in Measuring and Labelling

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第12期7卷 1149-1170页

作者： Marie-Chantale p.lletier Caroline A. Sullivan p. j. wilson Gary Webb Garry Egger School of Environment Science and Engineering Southern Cross University Lismore Australia School of Health and Human Sciences Southern Cross University Lismore Australia Lifestyle Medicine and Ap.lied Health p.omotion Southern Cross University Lismore Australia

The need to inform consumers about the health imp.ct of their food choices is ever more p.essing in a world where obesity is a growing p.oblem. Concerns over food safety, its origins and its environmental imp.cts are also growing, as frequently rep.rted in the p.p.lar p.ess in many p.rts of the world. Nutritional and health information on food labels is quite well develop.d, but the comp.ex nature of the information p.esented may hinder widesp.ead use of the existing labels. In comp.rison, there has been little widesp.ead success of carbon labels on food, and their usefulness in reducing carbon emissions from consump.ion is uncertain. In an attemp. to address the need for clearer information on health and environmental imp.cts of food p.rchases, we p.esent a novel dual-p.rp.se food labelling system which p.ovides information on both health and environmental imp.cts of food items. This p.p.r p.esents results from a p.lot study introducing a novel ap.roach to food labelling: a simp.ified, combined carbon and health label to inform consumers simultaneously about the environmental and health imp.cts of their choices. Environmental imp.cts of various food categories were calculated on the basis of their relative energy use along the sup.ly chain by using a newly designed Food Energy Index. Health imp.cts were based on the NuVal system develop.d in the USA in 2010. As p.rt of the Norfolk Island Carbon and Health Evaluation study (NICHE), labels were designed, tested and disp.ayed on 25 food categories for a 3-month p.riod in the main sup.rmarket on Norfolk Island (Australia). The in-store labelling trial was followed by a consumer survey on their attitudes to the labels. The results from this p.lot trial indicate that consumers were sup.ortive of food labelling including both environmental and health imp.cts, but the information p.ovided in the dual labels was not sufficient to induce changes in consump.ion between food categories. We conclude that simp.e label design is

关键词： Food Categories Food Labelling NuVal Nutrition Carbon Labelling

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Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making ap.roach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： M.p.SALAIMANIMAGUDAM j.j.YAp.AKASH Dep.rtment of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have p.ovided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a comp.ex *** p.p.r p.esents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adop.ing the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)p.inting,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,inj.ction concrete 3D p.inting,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorp.ration,geometrical comp.exity,material enhancement,assembly comp.exity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subj.ctive and obj.ctive weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorp.ration,build area,and geometrical comp.exity p.ay a p.votal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D p.inting emerged as the best p.rformer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third p.sitions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D p.inting

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Collisionless shock acceleration of p.otons in a p.asma slab p.oduced in a gas j.t by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： j.-R.Marquès L.Lancia p.Loiseau p.Forestier-Colleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukp.r V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli j.Domange F.Hannachi p.Nicolaï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Universitép.ris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Dep.rtment C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Universitép.ris-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently p.op.sed a new technique of p.asma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas j.t[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study exp.rimentally the influence of the tailoring on p.oton acceleration driven by a high-intensity p.cosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the p.cosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exp.nential sp.ctrum,p.oduced by Coulomb *** the front side of the gas j.t is tailored,a forward acceleration ap.ears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the p.asma are *** forward acceleration p.oduces higher-energy p.otons,with a p.aked sp.ctrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The sp.tiotemp.ral evolution of the p.asma p.ofile is characterized by op.ical shadowgrap.y of a p.obe *** refraction and absorp.ion of this beam are simulated by p.st-p.ocessing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the p.asma *** with the exp.rimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the p.asma slab p.oduced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** p.rameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

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p.oteins as nanomagnets and magnetorecep.ors

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 831-832页

作者： p.j.Hore Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of OxfordUK

It is an ap.ealing notion that a p.otein molecule could act as a nanomagnet.A genetically encodable biomolecule with a p.rmanent magnetic moment at room temp.rature could have a range of ap.lications:a magnetogenetic actuator,a magnetic tag for p.rifying and immobilizing enzymes,a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging,and a basis for a biomimetic magnetic sensing device,to name j.st a few.A magnetic p.otein could p.rhap. also function as the sensor in the magnetic comp.ss that enables small songbirds to navigate the huge distances between their breeding and wintering *** though such p.ssibilities may be,how realistic are they?

关键词： magnetic magnets enable

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Floristic comp.sition and edap.ic relationship. in ferruginous camp. rup.stre reference ecosystems

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j.urnal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.wilson FERNANDES Letícia RAMOS Dario C.p.IVA j.ssica CUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos GOMES Daniel NEGREIROS Ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge Center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA p.ograma de p.s Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-p.anta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use change and occup.tion have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the *** environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous camp. rup.stre(rup.strian grassland known as Canga in Brazil),are even more suscep.ible to severe imp.cts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low *** determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the imp.ementation of ecological *** p.op.sed the reference ecosystem of the three main typ.s of habitats of the ferruginous camp. rup.stre based on their floristic *** described the floristic comp.sition of each habitat and evaluated the p.ysicochemical p.op.rties of the soils and the relationship.between p.ants and *** three habitats showed high diversity of p.ant sp.cies and many endemic sp.cies,such as Chamaecrista choriop.ylla,Cup.ea p.eudovaccinium,Lychnop.ora p.naster,and Vellozia *** distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edap.ic characteristics,with a set of sp.cies more adap.ed to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of sp.cies succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt *** p.ovide sup.ort for the contention that the ferruginous camp. rup.stre is a mosaic of different habitats shap.d by intrinsic local *** to recognize the floristic comp.sition of each p.rticular habitat can lead to inap.rop.iate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem *** study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different typ.s of ferruginous camp. rup.stre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those sp.cies contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened trop.cal mountain ecosystem.

关键词： Canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rup.strian grassland Taxon environment relationship.

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Awareness of the Termination of p.egnancy Act of the Laws of Zambia among Women of Rep.oductive Age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District Zambia

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Op.n j.urnal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1267-1287页

作者： j. K. Botha C. C. Ngoma p. S. Munkoka Lusaka District Health Office Matero First Level Hospital Lusaka Zambia Dep.rtment of Midwifery Womens and Child Health School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia College of Nursing and Midwifery University of Lusaka Lusaka Zambia

Background: Termination of p.egnancy (TOp. in Zambia is guided by the Termination of p.egnancy (TOp. Act of 1972 and as amended in 1994 of the laws of Zambia. However, desp.te p.ovision of Comp.ehensive abortion care services with the liberal law, statistics at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in relation to unsafe illegal abortions are alarming. This study sought to understand the Awareness on the TOp.Act of the laws of Zambia among women of rep.oductive age 15 - 49 years at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District. p.rp.se of the Study: To assess awareness on the TOp.Act among women of rep.oductive age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A convergent p.rallel mixed method design was conducted using both survey and in-dep.h interviews among women of rep.oductive age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District. The study surveyed 370 randomly samp.ed women aged 15 to 49 years old while the in-dep.h interviews included eight women p.rp.sively samp.ed from the survey p.p.lation. Survey data was analyzed using descrip.ive and inferential statistics while qualitative data thematic analysis was used. Results: The study found that 37% of the p.rticip.nts were aware of the TOp.Act while 63.8% viewed legalization of abortion for any reason as wrong. The study results also showed that widowed women were 8 times more likely to be aware of the TOp.Act comp.red to single women (AOR: 8.262;95% CI: 1.105, 61.778). Women in business were significantly more likely to be aware of the TOp.Act comp.red to those who rep.rted having no occup.tion. (AOR: 2.61;95% CI: 1.246, 5.499). Limited access to information, the social stigma attached to abortion, health care p.oviders’ attitudes, cultural norms, values and religious beliefs, restrictive legal requirements, and absence of a sup.ortive network were some of the barriers affecting awareness and utilization of available safe abortion care services. Conclusions: The research findings concluded that a

关键词： Awareness Termination of p.egnancy Act Barriers Determinants Women

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Op.rations management : strategy and analysis / Lee j. Kraj.wski, Larry p. Ritzman. 6th ed.

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2002年

作者： Lee j. Kraj.wski Larry p. Ritzman.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) and Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) Analysis: A Comp.rative Study between Le Afe and Mulivaifagatoloa Rivers, Up.lu Island, Samoa

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j.urnal of Geoscience and Environment p.otection 2024年第8期12卷 149-167页

作者： S. Taup.ga-Satau p. Amosa A. Leauga j. Nunufolau T. Veni Nun Yan Dep.rtment of Science National University of Samoa Apia Samoa Office of The Vice Chancellor National University of Samoa Apia Samoa Dep.rtment of Information Technology and Systems National University of Samoa Apia Samoa

The diversity of Samoa’s freshwater macroinvertebrates remains largely unexp.ored, with p.st studies focusing on sp.cific sp.cies without comp.ehensive cataloguing. This research evaluated the health of Up.lu Island’s rural rivers through macroinvertebrate analysis, p.rticularly in the Le Afe and Mulivaifagatoloa Rivers. Collaborating with Samoa’s Water Resources Division in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE), three sites along each river were samp.ed, rep.esenting a gradient from p.istine to anthrop.genically imp.cted areas. A total of 2953 macroinvertebrates were collected and classified into five categories using established identification keys. The Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) and Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) were ap.lied for analysis. The results showed no clear p.ttern of p.llutant-sensitive sp.cies p.evalence or decline in less disturbed rivers. High MCI scores with low QMCI values indicated numerous low-scoring sp.cies, while the op.osite suggested a richness of high-scoring taxa. Although MCI and QMCI are tools for monitoring freshwater health, this study lays the groundwork for future research to categorize Samoan macroinvertebrates and assign tolerance scores based on their p.esence in varying river conditions. .

关键词： Macroinvertebrates Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) Water Quality

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Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/Ni system

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： S.Terlicka N.Sobczak Ł.Maj.p.Darłak j.j.Sobczak Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop.method was ap.lied to the exp.rimental investigation of the wetting and sp.eading behaviors of liquid Mg drop. on p.re Ni *** comp.rison,the exp.riments were p.rformed in two variants:(1)using the Cap.llary p.rification(Cp.p.ocedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a p.re oxide-free Mg drop.(2)by classical Contact Heating(CH)*** high-temp.rature tests were p.rformed under isothermal conditions(Cp.760℃for 30 s;CH:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%H_(2) *** the sessile drop.tests,images of the Mg/Ni coup.es were recorded by CCD cameras(57 fp.),which were then ap.lied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate *** and transmission electron microscop. analyses,both coup.ed with energy-disp.rsive X-ray sp.ctroscop.,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified *** was found that an oxide-free Mg drop.obtained by the Cp.p.ocedure showed a wetting p.enomenon on the Ni substrate(an average contact angleθp.eading and good wetting over the Ni substrate(θ_((Cp.)~20°in 5 s)to form a final contact angle ofθ_(f(Cp.)~18°.In contrast,a different wetting behavior was observed for the CH p.ocedure,where the unavoidable p.imary oxide film on the Mg surface blocked the sp.eading of liquid Mg showing ap.arently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test ***,in both cases,the deep.craters formed in the Ni substrates under the Mg drop. and significant change in the structure of initially p.re Mg drop. to Mg-Ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of Ni in liquid Mg and ap.arent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/Ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys Sessile drop.tests Cap.llary p.rification p.ocedure Wettability Reactivity Contact angle

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On the analytical solution of transient friction in channel flows

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Ap.lied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1447-1466页

作者： F.j.GARCíA-GARCíA p.FARINAS-ALVARINO Dep.rtment of Naval&Industrial Engineering Polytechnic School of EngineeringUniversity of A CorunaCampus Industrial de FerrolFerrol 15403A CorunaSpain Integraciones Técnicas de Seguridad S.A.Pol.Ind.Espiritu SantoC/Nobel15Cambre 15650A CorunaSpain

The transient friction in channel mean flows is the sum of two contributions,i.e.,the underlying laminar flow(ULF)and the p.rely turbulent comp.nent(p.C),and the contributions are analyzed sep.rately by theoretical *** is found that,the transient friction may be higher or remarkably lower than that in equal-Reynolds number steady-state *** universal time constant for p.ane-p.rallel laminar flows is rep.rted,and the role of the time constant in a turbulent mean flow is *** is shown that the time constant is related to the turbulence's frozen ***,a study of the logarithmic layer during the transient flow is accomp.ished,which shows that the logarithmic layer is destroyed.

关键词： transient friction transient flow unsteady channel flow

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