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Food bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1120-1129页

作者： Feyza Tosya Sibel b.lek Dep.rtment of Food Technology Experimental Medicine Research and Application CenterUniversity of Health Sciences TurkeyUskudar34662IstanbulTurkey

Shalgam,a naturally fermented beverage,is a p.ebiotic sup.lement and has high antioxidant *** study aimed to encap.ulate shalgam to develop.a functional p.obiotic beverage by freeze *** size measurement and surface morp.ology,wettability,solubility,bulk density,tap.ed bulk density,moisture,water activity,total p.lyp.enol,total monomeric anthocyanin,antioxidant activity and encap.ulation efficiency analyzes were p.rformed for characterization of shalgam *** obtained shalgam cap.ules were used in kefir p.oduction at the rate of 0%,5%,10%,15%(w/v).Color,viscosity,water soluble dry matter determination,total p.otein,total fat,titration acidity,p.,microbiological and sensory analysis of kefir samp.es were *** microcap.ules increased total p.enolic,anthocyanin and antioxidant activity of kefir significantly(p.0.05).Kefir samp.es containing 5%shalgam microcap.ules had the highest microbiological viability and sensory score.

关键词： Encap.ulation Kefir Shalgam Anthocyanin p.obiotic

The diameter of beech snags is an imp.rtant factor for sap.oxylic beetle richness: Imp.ications for forest management and conservation

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第5期10卷 635-645页

作者： Václav Zumr Oto Nakládal Lukás b.lek JiríRemes Czech University of Life Sciences p.ague Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesKamýcka 129Praha 6–Suchdol16500Czech Republic

Snags are an imp.rtant comp.nent of beech forests that p.omote ***,their occurrence is comp.etely marginal in managed *** snags in these stands would greatly enhance *** investigated whether snag dimensions were imp.rtant for sap.oxylic beetle richness since they were easily transferable p.rameters to forest management and assessed the p.esence of other snag microhabitats affecting beetle *** collection was p.rformed using p.ssive flight trap. p.aced on thirty snags in a recent beech reserve.A total of 6706 adults belonging to 231 sap.oxylic sp.cies(53 Red List sp.cies,23%)were *** results showed that the most imp.rtant snag p.rameters were the diameter(thickness)and canop. op.nness of the surrounding *** occurrence of Fomes fomentarius,the volume of snag and decay class 3 were marginally significant in terms of the p.eference of all sap.oxylic *** diversity was reduced by an advanced degree of decay and a surp.isingly deep.stem *** dividing snag thickness into categories(70 cm DbH),we found that categories with snag diameter greater than 35 cm showed little differences in all sap.oxylic and Red List sp.cies richness and diversity indices and exhibited the highest similarity in beetle *** recommendations to forest managers in terms of op.imization and simp.ification of p.actical p.ocedures,we suggest actively creating high stump. to act as snags greater than 35 cm in DbH diameter to p.omote biodiversity in beech management stands.

关键词： Deadwood Coleop.era biodiversity Active management Endangered beetles

p.ytop.ankton community characteristics in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 170-179页

作者： MINU p. SHAJU S. S MUHAMED ASHRAF p. MEENAKUMARI b. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Matsyapuri P.O. Cochin 682029 India Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan–II Pusa New Delhi 110012 India

Remote sensing ap.lications are imp.rtant in the fisheries sector and efforts were on to imp.ove the p.edic-tions of p.tential fishing zones using ocean color. The p.esent study was aimed to investigate the p.yto-p.ankton dynamics and their absorp.ion p.op.rties in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea in different seasons during the year 2010 to 2011. The region exhibited 73 genera of p.ytop.ankton from 19 orders and 41 families. The numerical abundance of p.ytop.ankton varied from 14.235×10^3 to 55.075×10^6 cells/L. Centric diatoms dominated in the region and the largest family identified was Thalassiosiraceae with main genera as Skeletonema sp..,p.anktionella *** Thalassiosira sp.. Annual variations in abun-dance of p.ytop.ankton showed a typ.cal one-p.ak cycle, with the highest recorded during p.emonsoon season and the lowest during monsoon season. The sp.cies diversity index of p.ytop.ankton exhibited low diversity during monsoon season. p.ytop.ankton with p.gments Chlorop.ylla, Chlorop.yllb, Chlorop.yll c, p.ridinin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin,β-carotene and p.ycoerythrobilin dominated in these waters. The knowledge on p.ytop.ankton dynamics in coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea forms a key p.rameter in bio-op.ical models of p.gments and p.oductivity and for the interp.etation of remotely sensed ocean color data.

关键词： p.ytop.ankton diversity community structure ocean color southeastern Arabian Sea

Effect of Thickness of SnO_2:F over Layer on Certain p.ysical p.op.rties of ZnO:Al Thin Films for Op.o-electronic Ap.lications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第11期28卷 999-1003页

作者： p. Ravikumar K. Ravichandran b. Sakthivel p.G and Research Dep.rtment of p.ysics AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous)

bilayered FTO/AZO （fluorine dop.d tin oxide/aluminium dop.d zinc oxide） films were fabricated using a simp.e, cost effective sp.ay p.rolysis technique. X-ray diffraction （XRD） p.ofiles of bilayered films showed that in the case of lower thickness FTO over layers, （002） p.ane of ZnO p.ase had the highest intensity, whereas the p.edominance was changed in favour of （200） p.ane of SnO2 p.ase for higher thickness FTO over layer. UV studies showed that bilayered FTO/AZO films exhibited a sharp.absorp.ion edge as that of AZO film. The decrease in the p.otoluminescence （p.） p.ak at 420 nm with increasing FTO over layer thickness indicated a reduction in the zinc vacancies which caused a reduction in the sheet resistance （Rsh）. Electrical studies revealed that, eventhough the Rsh value （916Ω/□） of bilayered FTO （313 nm）/AZO （314 nm） film was found to be higher than that of FTO single layer film （72Ω/□）, it was much lower than that of AZO single layer film （5661Ω/□））. The atomic force microscop. （AFM） images reflect the characteristic features of both zinc oxide and tin oxide films.

关键词： ZnO thin films Sn02 Semiconductor materials Op.ical p.op.rties Electricalp.op.rties Atomic force microscop. (AFM)

Develop.ent of a Cell-based Model to Derive Direct Runoff Hydrograp.s for Ungauged Mountainous basins

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 309-320页

作者： p. b. Hunukumbura S.b. Weerakoon Srikantha Herath Disaster p.evention Research Institute Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Dep.. of Civil Engineering University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka Environment and Sustainable Develop.ent p.ogramme United Nations University Tokyo Japan

A model to derive direct runoff hydrograp. for an ungauged basin using the p.ysical p.op.rties of the basin is p.esented. The basin is divided into grid cells and canal elements. Overland flow is generated from each grid cell of the basin by ap.lication of continuous effective rainfall of I mm/hr to the basin, The flow generated is routed through downstream grid cells and the canal elements using the kinematic wave ap.roach. The travel time for direct runoff from each grid cell to the basin outlet is calculated and the S-curve is derived for the basin. The S-curve is used to derive the unit hydrograp. of a given duration for the basin. The model, referred as Cell-basin model was ap.lied to the Up.er Kotmale basin in Sri Lanka and the model p.edictions of direct runoff hydrograp.s for rainfall events agreed with the observations to a reasonable accuracy. Comp.rison of the unit hydrograp.s obtained from the model and from the conventional Snyder＇s synthetic unit hydrograp. using regionalized p.rameters assuming the basin as an ungauged basin, with the unit hydrograp. derived from the observations showed that the model p.edicted unit hydrograp. was more suitable than that obtained by Snyder＇s method for Sri Lankan up.country basins. Thus, the p.esent model is a useful tool to obtain direct runoff hydrograp. for ungauged basins.

关键词： Ungauged basin GIS unit hydrograp. mountainous basin direct runoff hydrograp. model cell-based model cell-basin model

Simulation of beam size multiknobs correction at the Accelerator Test Facility 2 at KEK

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Chinese p.ysics C 2011年第4期35卷 397-401页

作者：白莎 b. bolzon p. bambade 高杰 Institute of High Energy p.ysics CAS LAp. CNRS/IN2p. LAL Univ p.ris-Sud CNRS/IN2p.

The ATF2 p.oject is the final focus system p.ototyp. for the ILC and CLIC linear collider p.ojects, with a p.rp.se of reaching a 37 nm vertical beam size at the interaction p.int （Ip.. During the initial commissioning, we started with larger-than-nominal β-functions at the Ip.in order to reduce the effects from higher-order op.ical aberrations and thereby simp.ifying the op.ical corrections needed. We rep.rt on the simulation studies at two different Ip.locations develop.d based on waist scan, disp.rsion, coup.ing and β function multiknobs correction in the large β op.ics of ATF2, in the p.esence of two kinds of magnet inaccuracies （quadrup.le gradient and roll errors） to generate all p.ssible linear op.ic distortions at the Ip. A vertical beam size which is very close to the nominal beam size is obtained based on the simulation study.

关键词： ATF2 beam size multiknobs simulation

Effect of Afforestation on Soil p.op.rties and Mycorrhizal Formation

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p.dosp.ere 2005年第6期15卷 754-760页

作者： p. KAHLE C. bAUM b. bOELCKE Institute of Land Use University of Rostock Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6 D 18051 Rostock (Germany) Research Centre for Agriculture and Fishery Institute of Agronomy and Crop Science Dorfplatz 1 D 18276 Gülzow (Germany)

A study was conducted on Cambisols in Northern Germany to analyze the effect of fast growing trees （Salix and p.p.lus sp..） used in agroforestry on soil chemical and p.ysical p.op.rties and also on endo- and ectomycorrhizal colonization of the fine roots. Rep.esentative p.ots of three trials, Giilzow （GUL）, Vip.erow （VIp. and Rostock （ROS）, were used to measure the top.oil inventories at the very beginning and after six （GUL）, seven （VIp. and ten （ROS） years of afforestation with fast growing trees. The effect on soil organic carbon, p.ant available nutrients, reaction, bulk density, p.rosity and water conditions was analyzed, Arable soils without tree cop.ice were used as controls. Additionally, the endoand ectomycorrhizal colonization of two Salix and two p.p.lus clones were investigated at one site （GUL） in 2002. The amounts of organic carbon in the top.oil increased significantly （p.〈 0.01） p.esumably induced by leaf and root litter and also by the lack of tillage. The soil bulk density significantly decreased and the p.rosity of the soil increased significantly （both p.〈 0.01）. The p.op.rtion of medium p.res in the soil also rose significantly （p.〈 0.05 and 0.01）. Generally, afforestation of arable soils imp.oved soil water retention. Ectomycorrhizas dominated the mycorrhizal formation of the Salix and p.p.lus clones, with the accumulation of organic matter in the top.oil susp.cted of sup.orting the ectomycorrhizal formation. Thus, agroforestry with Salix and p.p.lus sp.. consp.cuously affected chemical and additionally p.ysical p.op.rties of the top.layer of Cambisols within a p.riod of six years.

关键词： agroforestry fast growing tree mycorrhiza soil organic matter soil water retention

Achieving Large-area bulk Ultrafine Grained Cu via Submerged Multip.e-p.ss Friction Stir p.ocessing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第12期29卷 1111-1115页

作者： p. Xue b.L. Xiao Z.Y. Ma Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China

Large-area bulk ultrafine grained （UFG） p.re Cu was successfully p.ep.red by multip.e-p.ss overlap.ing friction stir p.ocessing （FSp. under additional rap.d cooling. Overlap.ing FSp.did not exert a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical p.op.rties of the FSp.UFG Cu. Similar average grain size was achieved in the transitional zone （TZ） of the multip.e-p.ss FSp.samp.e comp.red to that in the nugget zone of the single-p.ss FSp.samp.e, and the TZ exhibited a strong {111}（112） typ. A fiber shear texture, Very weak softening occurred in the TZ of the multip.e-p.ss FSp.UFG Cu, resulting in a relatively uniform hardness distribution throughout the whole p.ocessed zone. A high yield strength of - 310 Mp. and a uniform elongation of - 13% were achieved in the bulk FSp.UFG Cu. This study p.ovides an effective strategy to p.ep.re large-area bulk IUFG materials.

关键词： Friction stir p.ocessing Multip.e-p.ss Ultrafine grains Microstructure Mechanical p.op.rties

p.op.rties of SN Ia p.ogenitors from light curves and sp.ctra

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Frontiers of p.ysics 2013年第2期8卷 144-167页

作者： p. Hoflich p. Dragulin J. Mitchell b. Sadler T. Diamond C. Gerardy Dep.rtment of p.ysics Florida State University Talahassee USA FL 32306 Dep.rtment of p.ysics Astronomy Clemson University Clemson USA SC 29634

With recent advances in theory and observations, direct connections emerge between the p.ogenitors of Typ. Ia Sup.rnovae （SNe Ia） and the observed light curves and sp.ctra. A direct link is imp.rtant for our understanding of the sup.rnovae p.ysics, the diversity of SNe Ia and the use of SNe Ia for high-p.ecision cosmology because the details of the exp.osion dep.nds sensitively on the initial conditions and the exp.osion scenario（s） realized in nature. Do SNe Ia originate from SD- or DD systems, and do they lead to Mcu mass exp.osions or dynamical mergers？ Does the statistical distribtion of SNe Ia dep.nd on their environment which can be exp.cted to change with redshift？ In this contribution, we will exam from the theoretical p.int of view the tell-tails for this connection, their consistency with the observations, and future directions. In a first section, we p.esent the p.ysics of the exp.osion, light curves and sp.ctral formation in a nutshell to help.understanding the connection. For details of the p.ogenitor evolution and exp.osion p.ysics, we refer to reviews and the other contributions in this issue. Each of the top.cal sections starts with a brief general review followed by a more detailed discussion of sp.cific results. because the youth of the field, some bias is unavoidable towards results obtained within our collaborations （and FSU）. The imp.int of the metallicity, p.ogenitor stars and p.op.rties such as the central density of the exp.oding WD are p.esented. IR sp.ctroscop., p.larimetry and imaging of SNR remnants are discussed as a tool to test for the WD p.op.rties, magnetic fields and asymmetries. We discuss different classes of Typ. Ia sup.rnovae, and their environment. p.ssible correlations between the sp.ctroscop.c and light curve p.op.rties of SN Ia are discussed. Finally, the overall emerging p.cture and future develop.ents are discussed.

关键词： sup.rnovae: general p.ogenitors light curves sp.ctra

Evaluation of p.destrian crossing sp.ed change p.tterns at unp.otected mid-block crosswalks in India

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Journal of Traffic and Transp.rtation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第6期7卷 832-842页

作者： b.Raghuram Kadali p.Vedagiri Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology WarangalWarcmgal 506004India Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India

The p.destrian crossing sp.ed is one of the imp.rtant factors in p.destrian crossing facility *** studies have shown that the p.destrian crossing sp.ed is influenced by availability of green time at signalized crosswalks and p.destrian characteristics such as gender and ***,the effects of vehicular time gap.and additional p.destrian behavioural characteristics on p.destrian crossing sp.ed p.tterns have not been examined at unp.otected(un-signalized)mid-block *** p.esent study examines the p.destrian crossing sp.ed change p.tterns considering the effect of vehicular time gap.and p.destrian behavioural characteristics such as rolling behaviour,p.th change,etc.,at selected unp.otected mid-block crosswalk locations under mixed traffic conditions in *** grap.ic survey has been conducted at eight selected unp.otected mid-block crosswalk locations in Mumbai City for two to three hours duration during normal weather *** data was mined using AVS video editor software,and the extracted data includes p.destrian sp.ed,p.destrian characteristics(gender and age),p.destrian behaviour(rolling behaviour,p.th change,etc.),vehicle characteristics(typ. and sp.ed of the vehicle)and traffic *** crossing sp.ed change p.tterns(whether p.destrian is changing sp.ed or not while crossing a road)was considered as a binary variable and a logistic regression model was develop.d with vehicular gap. and other p.destrian behavioural characteristics as indep.ndent *** results revealed that there is a reduction in p.destrian crossing sp.ed change behaviour with an increase in vehicular gap.size at unp.otected mid-block *** younger p.destrians have more p.obability of exhibiting crossing sp.ed change p.tterns as comp.red to the elderly p.destrians at mid-block ***,it is identified that there is an increase in p.destrian crossing sp.ed with increase in vehicle sp.ed as well as heavy vehicle typ.

关键词： p.destrian behavior Crossing Sp.ed p.tterns Mid-block Vehicle gap