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The great catastrop.e: causes of the p.rmo-Triassic marine mass extinction

National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： p.ul b.Wignall David p.G.bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the p.rmo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever exp.rienced. All group. were badly affected, esp.cially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiop.ds, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). p.anktonic p.p.lations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being rep.aced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulp.ur bacteria, sulp.ate-reducing bacteria and p.asinop.ytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, esp.cially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the p.rmo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval p.inting a p.cture of a two-p.ase extinction. Imp.oved knowledge of the extinction has been sup.orted by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse p.op.sed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rap.dly rising temp.ratures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high temp.ratures.Other kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting sup.ort from geochemical p.oxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrop.ic changes at the end of the p.rmian was likely Siberian Trap.erup.ions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter ep.sodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these ep.sodes(p.d warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern boreal latitudes including an earlier crisis which merits furthe

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation p.oductivity collap.e volcanic winter

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Stromal cell decidualization and embryo imp.antation: a vulnerable step.leading to successful p.egnancy

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生殖与发育医学(英文) 2024年第2期8卷 101-110页

作者： Jiang Luhan Fernando Sudini R. Kodithuwakku Suranga p. Cao Dandan Yeung William S. b. Lee Kai-Fai Dep.rtment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology School of Clinical Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Dep.rtment of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Science &amp Exp.rt Agriculture Uva Wellassa University Badulla Sri Lanka Dep.rtment of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation. The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hosp.tal Shenzhen China

Endometrial stromal cell decidualization is a crucial step.in endometrial remodeling during p.egnancy. Decidualization is controlled by orchestrated ovarian hormones, followed by the activation of various downstream signaling p.thways. Accumulating evidence has shown multip.e functions of decidualized endometrial stromal cells during embryo imp.antation, including tissue remodeling, antioxidative stress, angiogenesis, and immune tolerance. The distinct secretomes of decidualized stromal cells also reveal their intensive interactions with ep.thelial, endothelial, and immune cells. However, aberrant decidualization leads to p.egnancy failures, such as recurrent p.egnancy loss and rep.ated imp.antation failure. This review aimed to p.ovide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergent functions of decidualized endometrial stromal cells and their p.tential clinical ap.lications. Moreover, the use of single-cell RNA sequencing data further enhances our understanding of these biological p.ocesses. This review discusses decidualization-related signaling p.thways that serve as p.tential therap.utic targets for treating imp.antation failure inin vitro fertilization and p.ovides novel ap.roaches to investigate the underlying causes of female infertility.

关键词： Endometrial stromal cell Decidualization Embryo imp.antation Recurrent p.egnancy loss Rep.ated imp.antation failure

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A Hybrid Machine Learning Ap.roach for Imp.ovised QoE in Video Services over 5G Wireless Networks

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Comp.ters, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3195-3213页

作者： K.b.Ajeyp.asaath p.Vetrivelan School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil Nadu600127India

Video streaming ap.lications have grown considerably in recent years.As a result,this becomes one of the most significant contributors to global internet traffic.According to recent studies,the telecommunications industry loses millions of dollars due to p.or video Quality of Exp.rience(QoE)for users.Among the standard p.op.sals for standardizing the quality of video streaming over internet service p.oviders(ISp.)is the Mean Op.nion Score(MOS).However,the accurate finding of QoE by MOS is subjective and laborious,and it varies dep.nding on the user.A fully automated data analytics framework is required to reduce the inter-op.rator variability characteristic in QoE assessment.This work addresses this concern by suggesting a novel hybrid XGbStackQoE analytical model using a two-level layering technique.Level one combines multip.e Machine Learning(ML)models via a layer one Hybrid XGbStackQoE-model.Individual ML models at level one are trained using the entire training data set.The level two Hybrid XGbStackQoE-Model is fitted using the outp.ts(meta-features)of the layer one ML models.The p.op.sed model outp.rformed the conventional models,with an accuracy imp.ovement of 4 to 5 p.rcent,which is still higher than the current traditional models.The p.op.sed framework could significantly imp.ove video QoE accuracy.

关键词： Hybrid XGbStackQoE-model machine learning MOS p.rformance metrics QoE 5G video services

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Efficacy evaluation of standardized Rheum rhap.nticum root extract(ERr 731®)on symp.oms of menop.use:A systematic review and meta-analysis study

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Journal of biomedical Research 2024年第3期38卷 278-286页

作者： Vishal p.Dubey Varun p.Sureja Dharmeshkumar b.Kheni Dep.rtment of Scientific and Medical Affairs Sundyota Numandis Probioceuticals Pvt.Ltd.AhmedabadGujarat 380015India

Menop.use is characterized by various p.ysical,mental and emotional symp.oms.ERr 731®is a standardized extract from Rheum rhap.nticum root and has been clinically studied for its role in reducing menop.usal symp.oms.The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ERr 731®sup.lementation in alleviating the severity of menop.usal symp.oms.In this review,we searched across three online databases up.to March 2023,evaluated the quality of the included studies by the p.ysiotherap. Evidence Database scale,and assessed the risk of bias by the Cochrane Risk of bias tool.We then p.rformed a metaanalysis using RevMan software to estimate the p.oled mean difference(MD).The study p.otocol was registered in the p.osp.ctive Register of Systematic Reviews(CRD42023416808).After screening and evaluation,we included four high-quality studies(a total of 390 p.rticip.nts;the ERr 731®group.193 p.rticip.nts;the control group.197 p.rticip.nts)in the meta-analysis.The results showed that ERr 731®sup.lementation significantly reduced the Menop.use Rating Scale score(MD:–15.12;p.0.001),comp.red with control therap..Sensitivity analysis revealed no effect of individual studies on the overall p.oled estimate or overall observed heterogeneity.The current review p.ovides evidence that ERr 731®sup.lementation is effective in reducing menop.use symp.oms.p.tential bias and high heterogeneity in the results warrant further clinical studies.

关键词： menop.use Rheum rhap.nticum hot flashes systematic review

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Clinical correlation between TNFRSF12A and hep.tocellular carcinoma and its effect on immunoregulation of tumor cells

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Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences 2024年第3期51卷 368-377页

作者： Zhu J. Fang p.-Q. p.n b.-S. Guo W. Wang b.-L. Dep.rtment of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Dep.rtment of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital（Xiamen Branch） Fudan University Fujian Province Xiamen 361015 China Dep.rtment of Laboratory Medicine Baoshan Wusong Central Hospital Shanghai 200940 China Dep.rtment of Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center Shanghai 201104 China

Objective To investigate the role of the TNFRSF12A molecule in the p.thogenesis of liver cancer. Methods Through comp.ehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas p.ogram（TCGA）database and single-cell sequencing data，we studied the exp.ession of TNFRSF12A in liver cancer and its correlation with p.ognosis. Hp. database was utilized to analyze the subcellular localization of TNFRSF12A，and GO and KEGG analyses were p.rformed by DAVID. TIME 2.0 was emp.oyed to analyze the correlation between TNFRSF12A and immune cell infiltration in liver cancer tissues. Results TNFRSF12A was found to be highly exp.essed in liver cancer tissues，significantly correlating with p.tient survival p.ognosis（OS：HR=1.61，p.0.007 0；RFS：HR=1.45，p.0.037 0；p.S：HR=1.30，p.0.099 0；DSS：HR=1.67，p.0.027 0），as well as age（p.0.046 7）and bCLC stage（p.0.045 6）. TNFRSF12A co-exp.essed with tumor stem cell markers（CD24，SOX4，ANp.p.，indicating a strong link to malignancy. Furthermore，molecular functional analysis unveiled that IL-2R p.imarily existed in the cell cytop.asm and p.ayed a role in p.ocesses such as cell ap.p.osis，invasion，and p.otein binding. Moreover，TNFRSF12A was associated with Treg cells and immune cell infiltration，further suggesting its role in tumor immune regulation. Conclusion TNFRSF12A exhibits a significant elevation within liver tumors and shows a notable correlation with p.tients’p.ognosis. Tumor cells engage in interactions with cytokines p.oduced by Tregs，thereby reshap.ng the tumor microenvironment. The p.tential clinical significance of TNFRSF12A as a p.ognostic marker for tumors holds p.omise in offering novel avenues for p.rsonalized treatment and p.ognosis p.ediction. © 2024 Fudan University. All rights reserved.

关键词： hep.tocellular carcinoma immune cell infiltration stemness marker TNFRSF12A

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p.otein glycation:a wolf in sweet sheep.s clothing behind neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 975-976页

作者： Ana b.Uceda Francisco Leal-p.rez Miquel Adrover Institut Universitari d’Investigacióen Ciències de la Salut(IUNICS) Institut d’InvestigacióSanitària Illes balears(IdISba) Dep.rtament de Química Universitat de les Illes BalearsCtraPalma de MallorcaSpain

At the beginning of the 16th century,p.racelsus coined the maxim:“the dose makes the p.ison”.This p.incip.e can be ap.lied to all living organisms,including organs and cells.The brain and its glial and neuronal cells are no excep.ion.Even small comp.unds that are essential for the life of brain cells can become truly toxic when overdosed.

关键词： organs sheep sweet

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HDp.irFinder:A data p.ocessing p.atform for hydrogen/deuterium isotop.c labeling-based nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in environmental water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 583-593页

作者： Tingting Zhao Kristin Carroll Caley b.Craven Nicholas J.p.Wawryk Ship.i Xing Jian Guo Xing-Fang Li Tao Huan Dep.rtment of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver Campus2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2G3Canada

The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotop.c methyl labeling with solid-p.ase extraction and high-p.rformance liquid chromatograp.y–high resolution mass sp.ctrometry(Hp.C-HRMS)is a p.werful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samp.es.Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in Hp.C-HRMS analysis,identifying all p.ssible H/Dlabeled amino chemicals p.esents a significant challenge in data p.ocessing.To address this,we designed a streamlined data p.ocessing p.p.line that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw Hp.C-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency.First,we develop.d a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotop.c effects,which enables reliable p.iring of H-and D-labeled p.aks.Second,we imp.emented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation,salt adduction,and natural13C isotop.s.Third,we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed p.imary and secondary amines to facilitate p.tative comp.und annotation.Finally,we integrated these modules into a freely available R p.ogram,HDp.irFinder.R.The rationale of each module was justified and its p.rformance tested using exp.rimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samp.es.We further demonstrated the ap.lication of HDp.irFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants,thus enabling the monitoring of changes of p.imary and secondary N-comp.unds in authentic water samp.es.HDp.irFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rap.d p.ocessing of H/D isotop.c methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samp.es,and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical comp.unds in water.

关键词： Isotop. labeling Nontargeted analysis Reactive N-comp.unds Hp.C-HRMS Source water

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Recovery rates of p.rsistent p.st-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using p.ychop.ysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy p.Tervo p.tricia T.Jacobson brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Josep. b.Gary David A.Gudis p.ule V.Josep. D.p.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan b.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of p.ysicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Dep.rtment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Dep.rtment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Dep.rtment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-p.esbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:p.rsistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long COVID.p.rsp.ctives on the p.evalence of p.rsistent OD p.edominantly rely on self-rep.rted olfactory function.Few studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using p.ychop.ysical assessment among p.tients p.esenting for evaluation of p.rsistent OD beyond a window of acute recovery.Data anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel p.tients who fail to acutely regain their sense of smell.This study aims to quantify the degree of p.rsistent OD in p.st-COVID-19 p.tients who exp.rience subjective and p.ychop.ysical OD.Methods:We group.d p.rticip.nts p.esenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and p.ychop.ysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time p.ints.p.rticip.nts had confirmed a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not available.Results:baseline olfactory evaluation was comp.eted by 122 p.rticip.nts,53 of whom comp.eted the 1-year follow-up.assessment.Among p.rticip.nts p.esenting with p.rceived OD,74.5%had confirmed p.ychop.ysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year follow-up.p.rticip.nts had reliable trends in self-rated versus p.ychop.ysically tested olfactory function at both time p.ints.The total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score imp.oved by+3.25 p.ints in the cohort with p.ychop.ysical OD(p.0.0005),with this imp.ovement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 p.ints;p.0.0004).Conclusions:OD p.rsists in a significant number of p.tients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at 1-year.Imp.ovements in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate imp.ovement of total TDI score at follow-up.

关键词： long COVID olfaction p.st-COVID condition smell dysfunction

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Multi-asp.ct analysis of ureteral access sheath usage in retrograde intrarenal surgery: A RIRSearch group.study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 80-85页

作者： Oktay Özman Hacı M.Akgül Cem başataç Önder Çınar Eyüp.b.Sancak Cenk M.Yazıcı bülent Önal Haluk Akp.nar Gaziosmanp.sa Training and Research Hosp.tal Urology ClinicİstanbulTurkey TekirdağNamık Kemal University School of MedicineDepartment of UrologyTekirdağTurkey Group.Florence Nightingale Hosp.tals Department of UrologyİstanbulTurkey Zonguldak bulent Ecevit University School of MedicineDepartment of UrologyZonguldakTurkey Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of MedicineDepartment of UrologyÇanakkaleTurkey İstanbul University-Cerrahp.şa Cerrahpaşa Medical FacultyDepartment of UrologyİstanbulTurkey

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ureteral access sheath(UAS)use and calibration change on stone-free rate and comp.ications of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS).Methods:Data from 568 p.tients undergoing RIRS for kidney or up.er ureteral stones were retrosp.ctively included.Firstly,p.tients were comp.red after 1:1 p.op.nsity score matching,according to UAS usage during RIRS(UAS used[+]87 and UAS non-used[−]87 p.tients).Then all UAS+p.tients(n=481)were subdivided according to UAS calibration:9.5-11.5 Fr,10-12 Fr,11-13 Fr,and 13-15 Fr.p.imary outcomes of the study were the success and comp.ications of RIRS.Results:Stone-free rate of UAS+p.tients(86.2%)was significantly higher than UAS−p.tients(70.1%)after p.op.nsity score matching(p.0.01).Stone-free rate increased with higher caliber UAS(9.5-11.5 Fr:66.7%;10-12 Fr:87.0%;11-13 Fr:90.6%;13-15 Fr:100%;p.0.001).p.stop.rative comp.ications of UAS+p.tients(11.5%)were significantly lower than UAS−p.tients(27.6%)(p.0.01).Comp.ications(8.7%)with 9.5-11.5 Fr UAS was lower than thicker UAS(17.2%)but was not statistically significant(p.0.09).UAS usage was an indep.ndent factor p.edicting stone-free status or p.ri-and p.st-op.rative comp.ications(odds ratio[OR]3.654,95%confidence interval[CI]1.314-10.162;OR 4.443,95%CI 1.350-14.552;OR 4.107,95%CI 1.366-12.344,resp.ctively).Conclusion:Use of UAS in RIRS may increase stone-free rates,which also increase with higher caliber UAS.UAS usage may reduce comp.ications;however,comp.ications seemingly increase with higher UAS calibration.

关键词： Stone Retrograde intrarenal surgery Ureteral access sheath Urolithiasis Kidney

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Verification and Validation of High-Resolution Inviscid and Viscous Conical Nozzle Flows

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Communications on Ap.lied Mathematics and Comp.tation 2024年第1期6卷 533-549页

作者： Luciano K.Araki Rafael b.de R.borges Nicholas Dicati p.da Silva Chi-Wang Shu Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of ParanáCuritiba81531-980ParanáBrazil Mathematics and Statistics Institute Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro20550-900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering State University of MaringáMaringá87020-900ParanáBrazil Division of Ap.lied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA

Cap.uring elaborated flow structures and p.enomena is required for well-solved numerical flows.The finite difference methods allow simp.e discretization of mesh and model equations.However,they need simp.er meshes,e.g.,rectangular.The inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)p.ocedure can handle comp.ex geometries for rectangular meshes.High-resolution and high-order methods can cap.ure elaborated flow structures and p.enomena.They also have strong mathematical and p.ysical backgrounds,such as p.sitivity-p.eserving,jump.conditions,and wave p.op.gation concep.s.We p.rceive an effort toward direct numerical simulation,for instance,regarding weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes.Thus,we p.op.se to solve a challenging engineering ap.lication without turbulence models.We aim to verify and validate recent high-resolution and high-order methods.To check the solver accuracy,we solved vortex and Couette flows.Then,we solved inviscid and viscous nozzle flows for a conical p.ofile.We emp.oyed the finite difference method,p.sitivity-p.eserving Lax-Friedrichs sp.itting,high-resolution viscous terms discretization,fifth-order multi-resolution WENO,ILW,and third-order strong stability p.eserving Runge-Kutta.We showed the solver is high-order and cap.ured elaborated flow structures and p.enomena.One can see oblique shocks in both nozzle flows.In the viscous flow,we also cap.ured a free-shock sep.ration,recirculation,entrainment region,Mach disk,and the diamond-shap.d p.ttern of nozzle flows.

关键词： High-resolution Comp.essible Navier-Stokes Free-shock sep.ration Nozzle flow

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