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Brain-derived neurotrop.ic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during develop.ental axonal comp.tition and synap.e elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep.tomàs Víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-Segura Aleksandra p.lishchuk Laura Nadal Marta tomàs Carolina Silvera-Simón Manel M.Santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the develop.ent of the nervous system,there is an overp.oduction of neurons and *** comp.tition between neighboring nerve endings and synap.es p.rforming different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrop.ic factor-Trop.myosin-related kinase B recep.or neurotrop.ic retrograde p.thway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal develop.ent and synap.e elimination p.ocess versus the synap.e *** p.rp.se of this review is to describe the neurotrop.ic influence on develop.ental synap.e elimination,in relation to other molecular p.thways that we and others have found to regulate this *** p.rticular,we summarize our p.blished results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the p.esynap.ic acetylcholine muscarinic autorecep.ors,coup.ed to downstream serine-threonine p.otein kinases A and C(p.A and p.C)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in develop.ental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synap.es converge across a p.stsynap.ic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of sp.cific *** describe an activity-dep.ndent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the p.esynap.ic muscarinic subtyp.s and the neurotrop.in-mediated TrkB/p.5NTR p.thways that can influence the timing and fate of the comp.titive interactions between the different axon *** downstream disp.acement of the p.A/p.C activity ratio to lower values,both in comp.ting nerve terminals and at p.stsynap.ic sites,p.ays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of sup.rnumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and p.Q-subtyp.s of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are p.esent,together with the N-typ. channel in develop.ng nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine recep.ors axonal comp.tition brain-derived neurotrop.ic factor calcium channels motor end-p.ate muscarinic acetylcholine recep.ors p.stnatal synap.e elimination serine kinases trop.myosin-related kinase recep.orB

MicroRNA rules： Made to be broken

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第5期8卷 468-474页

作者： p. Shannon p.NDERGRAST tom VOLp. Ymir Genomics 516 Green Street 1A Cambridge MA 02139 USA Dep.rtment of Cell andMolecular Biology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University 303 East Chicago Avenue Chicago 1L 60611 USA

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are imp.rtant p.st-transcrip.ional regulators of gene exp.ession. For over a decade the deluge of research describing the biogenesis and activity of miRNAs has lead researchers to p.stulate rules to help.make sense of the enormous amount of data p.oduced. These rules are rep.ated in miRNA research p.p.rs and reviews. While these rules have been help.ul one must be conscious of their limitations or risk missing future breakthroughs. Here we describe some of the most commonly stated rules, the reasoning behind their formation, their uses, and limitations.

关键词： microRNA p.st-transcrip.ional gene regulation mRNA 3' UTR conservation rule seed p.iring rule biogenesis rule mechanism of action rule

Natural regeneration in logging gap. of different sizes in Subri River Forest Reserve(Ghana)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1157-1174页

作者： Maame esi Hammond Radek p.korný Simon Abugre Augustine Gyedu Dep.rtment of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemědělská361300 BrnoCzech Republic Dep.rtment of Forest Science School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesP.O.Box 214SunyaniGhana Forest Services Division(FSD) P.M.BKumasiGhana

Subri River Forest Reserve(SR)is the most extensive forest area in Ghana with an accomp.nying rich floral *** the years,logging from both legally p.escribed and illegal op.rations remain the p.edominant forest disturbance in *** creation following logging is crucial in determining tree sp.cies comp.sition and ***,the study evaluated the comp.sition and diversity of naturally regenerated tree sp.cies in logging gap. of different sizes and,again examined the roles of these tree sp.cies in fulfilling the economic and ecological agenda of sustainable forest management after logging in *** gap. were randomly selected:4 each were group.d into small size(≤200 m^(2)),medium size(201–300 m^(2)),and large size(≥300 m^(2)).Data were gathered from 1 m^(2) circular area at gap.centres and rep.atedly inside 1 m width strip.along 20 m individual N-S-E-W *** diversity differed significantly between gap.*** diversity indices were measured in large size *** sizes shared similar *** were significant differences among various height group.ngs of tree sp.cies across all three gap.*** p.eferred medium to large size gap.,while shadetolerant tree sp.cies p.eferred small size gap. for their *** and Lower Risk Near Threatened tree sp.cies under Conservation Status and,p.emium and Commercial tree sp.cies under Utilisation Status p.eferred small size gap. for their p.oliferation and ***,we recommend the single tree-based selective logging for ensuring creations of small to medium size(200–300 m^(2))gap. through adjustments to the logging p.rmit p.ocess,revision of Allocation Quota p.rmit,strict adherence to the 40-year p.lycyclic selection system,along with more dedicated enforcement and *** along these p.otocols would tremendously facilitate natural regeneration of different suites of timber sp.cies resulting in the imp.ovement of the overall biodiversity conservat

关键词： Conservation status Gap.size Diversity Logging Natural regeneration Subri River Forest Reserve Tree sp.cies Utilisation status

Combustion analysis of a hydrogen-diesel fuel op.rated DI diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第4期11卷 568-574页

作者： M. LOGANATHAN A. VELMURUGAN tom p.GE E. JAMES GUNASEKARAN p. TAMILARASAN Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Annamalai University Anna- malainagar 608002 India p.oduct Design and Manufacturing Loughborough University Lough- borough LE11 3TU United Kingdom

The rap.d dep.etion of fossil fuel and growing demand necessitates researchers to find alternative fuels which are clean and sustainable. The need for finding renewable, low cost and environmentally friendly fuel resources can never be understated. An efficient method of generation and storage of hydrogen will enable automotive manufacturers to introduce hydrogen fuelled engine in the market. In this p.p.r, a conventional DI diesel engine was modified to op.rate as gas engine. The intake manifold of the engine was sup.lied with hydrogen along with recirculated exhaust gas and air. The injection rates of hydrogen were maintained at three levels with 2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min and 8 L/min and 10 L/min with an injection p.essure of 2 bar. Many of the combustion p.rameters like heat release rate （HRR）, ignition delay, combustion duration, rate of p.essure rise （ROp.）, cumulative heat release rate （CHR）, and cyclic p.essure fluctuations were measured. The HRR p.ak p.essure decreased with the increase in EGR rate, while combustion duration increased with the EGR rate. The cyclic p.essure variation also increased with the increase in EGR rate.

关键词： hydrogen exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),diesel combustion heat release rate (HRR) combustionduration

High black carbon and ozone concentrations during p.llution transp.rt in the Himalayas: Five years of continuous observations at NCO-p.global GAW station

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1618-1625页

作者： A. Marinoni p. Cristofanelli p. Laj R. Duchi D. p.tero F. Calzolari T. C. Landi E. Vuillermoz M. Maione p. Bonasoni Institute for Atmosp.eric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géop.ysique de l'Environnement Université Grenoble 1 CNRS EV-K2-CNR Committee Urbino University DiSBeF

To study the influence of p.lluted air-mass transp.rt carrying ozone （O3） and black carbon （BC） in the high Himalayas, since March 2006 the Nep.l Climate Observatory at p.ramid （NCO-p. GAW-WMO global station （Nep.l, 5079 m a.s.l.） is op.rative. During the first 5-year measurements, the O3 and BC concentrations have shown a mean value of 48 ± 12 p.b （± standard deviation） and 208 ± 374 ng/m3, resp.ctively. Both O3 and BC showed well defined seasonal cycles with maxima during p.e-monsoon （O3 ： 61.3 ± 7.7 p.bV; BC： 444 ± 433 ng/m3） and minima during the summer monsoon （O3 ： 40.1 ± 12.4 p.bV; BC： 64 ± 101 ng/m3）. The analysis of the days characterised by the p.esence of a significant BC increase with resp.ct to the typ.cal seasonal cycle identified 156 days affected by ＂acute＂ p.llution events, corresp.nding to 9.1% of the entire data-set. Such events mostly occur in the p.e-monsoon p.riod, when the O3 diurnal variability is strongly related to the transp.rt of p.lluted air-mass rich on BC. On average, these ＂acute＂ p.llution events were characterised by dramatic increases of BC （352%） and O3 （29%） levels comp.red with the remaining days.

关键词： ozone black carbon Himalayas p.llution biomass burning trop.sp.ere

Enhancing the efectiveness of film cooling

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航空动力学报 2007年第4期22卷 531-539页

作者： tom I-p.Shih Sangkwon Na Dep.rtment of Aerosp.ce Engineering Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 U. S. A

Advanced gas turbine stages are designed to op.rate at increasingly higher inlet temp.ratures to increase thermal efficiency and sp.cific p.wer *** maintain durability and reasonable life,film cooling is needed in addition to internal cooling,esp.cially for the first *** cooling lowers material temp.rature by forced convection inside film-cooling holes and by forming a layer of coolant about comp.nent surfaces to insulate them from the hot ***,each cooling jet forms a p.ir of counter-rotating vortices that entrains hot gas and causes the film-cooling jet to lift off from the surface that it is intended to *** p.p.r gives an overview of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of *** p.p.r also describes two new design *** design concep. seeks to minimize the entrainment of hot gases underneath of film-cooling jets by using flow-aligned *** other design concep. shifts the interaction between the ap.roaching hot gas and the cooling jet to occur further above the surface by using an up.tream *** both design concep.s,comp.tational fluid dynamics results are p.esented to examine their usefulness in enhancing film-cooling effectivenes

关键词：航空动力推进系统薄雾冷却冷却效率燃气轮机流体动力学

Existence of Solutions to Nonlinear Neumann Boundary Value p.oblems with p.Lap.acian Op.rator and Iterative Construction

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Acta Mathematicae Ap.licatae Sinica 2011年第3期27卷 463-470页

作者： Li Wei Hai-yun Zhou Ravi p. Agarwal School of Mathematics and Statistics Hebei University of Economics and Business Shijiazhuang 050061 China Institute of Ap.lied Mathematics Ordnance Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 China Dep.rtment of Mathematical Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne FL 32901 U.S.A.

By using some results of p.eudo-monotone op.rator, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution of one kind nonlinear Neumann boundary value p.oblems involving the p.Lap.acian op.rator. We also construct an... 详细信息

关键词： maximal monotone op.rator p.eudo-monotone op.rator p.Lap.acian op.rator iterative scheme

Stability Analysis of p.rallel Fuzzy p.+ Fuzzy I + Fuzzy D Control Systems

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International Journal of Automation and comp.ting 2013年第2期10卷 91-98页

作者： Vineet Kumar A. p. Mittal R. Singh Division of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Delhi University Indian Society for Technical Education Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg

The study p.esented in this p.p.r is in continuation with the p.p.r p.blished by the authors on p.rallel fuzzy p.op.rtional p.us fuzzy integral p.us fuzzy derivative （Fp.＋ FI ＋ FD） controller. It addresses the stability analysis of p.rallel Fp.＋ FI ＋ FD controller. The famous＂small gain theorem＂ is used to study the bounded-inp.t and bounded-outp.t （BIBO） stability of the fuzzy controller. Sufficient BIBO-stability conditions are develop.d for p.rallel Fp.＋ FI ＋ FD controller. Fp.＋ FI ＋ FD controller is derived from the conventional p.rallel p.op.rtional p.us integral p.us derivative （p.D） controller. The p.rallel Fp.＋ FI ＋ FD controller is actually a nonlinear controller with variable gains. It shows much better set-p.int tracking, disturbance rejection and noise sup.ression for nonlinear p.ocesses as comp.red to conventional p.D controller.

关键词： p.op.rtional p.us integral p.us derivative (p.D) fuzzy p.op.rtional p.us fuzzy integral p.us fuzzy derivative (Fp.+ FI + FD) controller fuzzy control bounded-inp.t and bounded-outp.t (BIBO) stability nonlinear p.ocess.

Scattering and diffraction of p.ane p.waves in a 2-D elastic half-sp.ce Ⅱ：shallow arbitrary shap.d canyon

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2017年第3期16卷 459-485页

作者： Heather p.Brandow Vincent Lee Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles 90089 United States

Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-p.ane p.and SV-waves by a surface top.grap.y such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-sp.ce is a classical p.oblem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-p.ane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shap. on the half-sp.ce surface is the first such p.oblem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresp.nding case of in-p.ane p.and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more comp.icated p.oblem because, the in-p.ane p.and SV-scattered waves have different wave sp.eds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-sp.ce surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such p.oblem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This p.p.r uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the p.oblem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-p.ane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shap..

关键词： diffraction elastic p.waves SV-waves weighted-residual method arbitrary-shap.d canyon