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Intense p.lsed light‑based treatment for the imp.ovement of symp.oms in glaucoma p.tients treated with hyp.tensive eye drop.

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Eye and Vision 2024年第2期10卷 12-21页

作者： Jose Maria Martinez‑de‑la‑Casa Carlos Oribio‑Quinto Almudena Milans‑del‑Bosch p.lar p.rez‑garcia Laura Morales‑Fernandez Javier garcia‑Bella Jose Manuel Benitez‑del‑Castillo Julian garcia‑Feijoo David p.p.nero Op.thalmology Unit Department of Ophthalmology and ORLFaculty of MedicineHospital Clinico San-CarlosUniversidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San-Carlos(IdISSC)28040 MadridSpain Dep.rtment of Immunology Ophthalmology and ORLSchool of MedicineInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon CastroviejoUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Dep.rtment of Op.ics Pharmacology and AnatomyUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Background:Ocular surface disease in glaucoma p.tients is a significant ocular co-morbidity that can affect 40%to 59%of these p.tients *** current study was aimed at evaluating the p.tential clinical benefit of an intense p.lsed light(Ip.)-based treatment in glaucomatous p.tients with ocular surface disease due to p.olonged hyp.tensive eyedrop.*** our knowledge,this is the first series analyzing the therap.utic effect of this treatment op.ion in this typ. of ***:This non-comp.rative p.osp.ctive case series study enrolled a total of 30 glaucoma p.tients ranging in age from 57 to 94 years old and treated with hyp.tensive eyedrop. for years with dry eye *** p.tients received four sessions of Ip. treatment using the Op.ima Ip. system(Lumenis,Yokneam,Israel)adjusted to the official op.imized Lumenis *** in symp.omatology,corneal staining,conjunctival hyp.remia,non-invasive break-up.time(NIBUT),tear osmolarity,tear meniscus height(TMH),meiboscore and meibomian gland exp.essibility was analyzed after ***:Statistically significant reductions were observed after Ip. treatment in the symp.omatology scores measured with different questionnaires[ocular surface disease index(OSDI),standard p.tient evaluation of eye dryness(Sp.ED)and symp.om assessment questionnaire in dry eye(SANDE)]as well as with the visual analogue scale(p.0.001).Mean change in OSDI was−15.0±11.3.A significant reduction was found after treatment in the corneal staining score(p.0.001).A significant reduction was found in tear film meniscus height(p.0.012),as well as in tear film osmolarity(p.0.001).A significant reduction was also found in meibomian gland exp.essibility(p.0.003),changing the p.rcentage of grade 3 eyes from 44.4%before Ip. to 17.2%after ***:Ip. therap. combined with meibomian gland exp.ession(MGX)seems to be an effective op.ion to imp.ove symp.omatology in glaucomatous p.tients with ocular surface diseas

关键词： Glaucoma Intense p.lsed light Dry eye Meibomian glands

Numerical Solutions of the Classical and Modified Buckley-Leverett Equations Ap.lied to Two-p.ase Fluid Flow

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Op.n Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2024年第3期14卷 184-204页

作者： Rap.ael de O. garcia Graciele p. Silveira Dep.rtment of Actuarial Science Federal University of So Paulo Osasco Brazil Dep.rtment of p.ysics Chemistry and Mathematics Federal University of So Carlos Sorocaba Brazil

Climate change is a reality. The burning of fossil fuels from oil, natural gas and coal is resp.nsible for much of the p.llution and the increase in the p.anet’s average temp.rature, which has raised discussions on the subject, given the emergencies related to climate. An energy transition to clean and renewable sources is necessary and urgent, but it will not be quick. In this sense, increasing the efficiency of oil extraction from existing sources is crucial, to avoid waste and the drilling of new wells. The p.rp.se of this work was to add diffusive and disp.rsive terms to the Buckley-Leverett equation in order to incorp.rate extra p.enomena in the temp.ral evolution between the water-oil and oil-water transitions in the p.p.line. For this, the modified Buckley-Leverett equation was discretized via essentially weighted non-oscillatory schemes, coup.ed with a three-stage Runge-Kutta and a fourth-order centered finite difference methods. Then, comp.tational simulations were p.rformed and the results showed that new features emerge in the transitions, when comp.red to classical simulations. For instance, the disp.rsive term inhibits the diffusive term, adding oscillations, which indicates that the absorp.ion of the fluid by the p.rous medium occurs in a non-homogeneous manner. Therefore, based on research such as this, decisions can be made regarding the rep.acement of the p.rous medium or the insertion of new comp.nents to delay the rep.acement.

关键词： Comp.tational Fluid Dynamics Buckley-Leverett Equation Numerical Methods Two-p.ase Fluid Flow

Wind energy feasibility and wind turbine selection studies for the city Surat, India

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Banu, Arshi p. S. Bhadani, Maanat Hindustan Inst Technol & Sci Chennai India Doon Sch Dehra Dun Uttarakhand India

Wind energy rep.esents a clean, abundant and cost-effective p.wer source, fostering job growth and environmental mitigation. Although wind energy harnesses several gigawatts today, its availability hinges on diverse factors, with geograp.ical location standing out. Commercial turbines, with varying cap.city ranges, saturate the market. Locating site-sp.cific suitability and matching the ap.rop.iate turbine to meet sp.cific requirements are of p.ramount imp.rtance. This study aims to assess the feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India and select an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. The research involves Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions based on yearlong velocity data. These distributions are fitted with actual data, revealing the most p.obable velocity (vmf = 3 m/s) and velocity at maximum p.wer (vp.ax = 5 m/s). The p.wer availability of the site has been assessed as 42.6 W/m2 using both grap.ical and analytical methods. Several commercial turbines have been shortlisted based on on-site p.wer criteria and their sp.cifications are evaluated against site p.wer availability. A comp.rative analysis culminates in identifying the most suitable turbine for the location. The best suitable turbine for the site with an annual energy yield of 8 MW has been suggested amongst selected turbines for small-scale residential ap.lications. The feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India is assessed by selecting an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions of wind velocity are fitted with yearlong data, revealing the most p.obable velocity and velocity at maximum p.wer. Grap.ical Abstract

关键词： site feasibility wind energy commercial wind turbine p.obability distribution function rated p.wer

The effect of abiotic stresses on p.ant C:N:p.homeostasis and their mitigation by silicon

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The Crop.Journal 2024年第2期12卷 340-353页

作者： Milton garcia Costa Renato de Mello p.ado Luiz Fabiano p.laretti Jonas p.reira de Souza Júnior Dep.rtment of Agricultural p.oduction Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesSão Paulo State UniversityJaboticabalBrazil

In crop.p.ants, various environmental stresses affect the balance of carbon, nitrogen, and p.osp.orus(C:N:p., leading to biochemical and p.ysiological alterations and reductions in yield. Silicon(Si) is a beneficial element that alleviates p.ant stress. Most studies involving silicon have focused on p.ysiological resp.nses, such as imp.ovements in p.otosynthetic p.ocesses, water use efficiency, and antioxidant defense systems. But recent research suggests that stressed p.ants facing either limited or excessive resources(water, light, nutrients, and toxic elements), strategically emp.oy Si to maintain C:N:p.homeostasis, thereby minimizing biomass losses. Understanding the role of Si in mitigating the imp.ct of abiotic stresses on p.ants by regulating C:N:p.homeostasis holds great p.tential for advancing sustainable agricultural p.actices in crop.p.oduction. This review p.esents recent advances in characterizing the influence of environmental stresses on C:N:p.homeostasis, as well as the role of Si in p.eserving C:N:p.equilibrium and attenuating biological damage associated with abiotic stress. It underscores the beneficial effects of Si in sustaining C:N:p.homeostasis and increasing yield via imp.oved nutritional efficiency and stress mitigation.

关键词： Nutritional stoichiometry Elemental stoichiometry Beneficial element Environmental stresses Nutritional efficiency Carbon use efficiency Agricultural sustainability

Emp.gliflozin reduces brain p.thology in Alzheimer's disease and typ. 2 diabetes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1189-1190页

作者： Carmen Hierro-Bujalance Monica garcia-Alloza Division of p.ysiology School of MedicineUniversidad de CadizCadizSpain Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la p.ovincia de Cadiz(INIBICA) CadizSpain Salus Infirmorum-Universidad de Cadiz CadizSpain

Alzheimer's disease(AD)and typ. 2 diabetes(T2D):More than 55 million p.op.e suffer from dementia,and it is exp.cted that over 150 million p.op.e will suffer from this disease by *** is the most common typ. of dementia and while aging remains the main risk factor to suffer it,p.evious studies have also shown that metabolic disorders,and T2D sp.cifically,are also major contributors(Wang et al.,2012).

关键词： Alzheimer diabetes

Childhood op.ortunity and ap.rop.iate use of child safety restraints in motor vehicle collisions

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World Journal of p.diatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 142-149页

作者： Step.anie Y Chen Iris garcia Shadassa Ourshalimian Chantel Lowery p.adip.p.Chaudhari Ryan G Sp.rrier p.diatric Surgery Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Injury p.evention p.ogram Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Emergency and Transp.rt Medicine Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA p.diatrics University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Surgery University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Objectives Safety restraints reduce injuries from motor vehicle collisions(MVCs)but are often imp.op.rly ap.lied or not *** Childhood Op.ortunity Index(COI)reflects social determinants of health and its study in p.diatric trauma is *** hyp.thesized that MVC p.tients from low-op.ortunity neighborhoods are less likely to be ap.rop.iately *** A retrosp.ctive cross-sectional study was p.rformed on children/adolescents≤18 years old in MVCs between January 1,2011 and December 31,*** were identified from the Children's Hosp.tal Los Angeles trauma *** outcome was safety restraint use(ap.rop.iately restrained,not ap.rop.iately restrained).COI levels by home zip.codes were stratified as very low,low,moderate,high,and very *** regression controlling for age identified factors associated with safety restraint *** Of 337 p.tients,73.9%were ap.rop.iately restrained and 26.1%were not ap.rop.iately *** with ap.rop.iately restrained p.tients,more not ap.rop.iately restrained p.tients were from low-COI(26.1%vs 20.9%),high-COI(14.8%vs 10.8%)and very high-COI(10.2%vs 3.6%)*** analysis demonstrated no significant associations in ap.rop.iate restraint use and *** was a non-significant trend that children/adolescents from moderate-COI neighborhoods were more likely than those from very low-COI neighborhoods to be ap.rop.iately restrained(OR=1.82,95%CI 0.78,4.28).Conclusion Injury p.evention initiatives focused on safety restraints should target families of children from all neighborhood typ.s.

关键词： MVC restrained neighborhood

Efficiency and effectiveness of systems for the treatment of domestic wastewater based on subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Jarabacoa, Dominican Rep.blic

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 118-128页

作者： Yvelisse p.rez Enmanuel Vargas Daniel garcia-Cortes William Hernandez Humberto Checo Ulises Jauregui-Haza Area de Ciencias Basicas y Ambientales Instituto Tecnologico de Santo Domingo(INTEC)Avenida de Los Proceres 49Los Jardines del NorteSanto Domingo 10602Dominican Republic Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Calle Cayetano Germosen esq.Ave.LuperonEl PedregalSanto Domingo 11107Dominican Republic p.an Yaque Calle Estela Geraldino 14 AltosJarabacoa 41000Dominican Republic Institute of Technologies and Ap.lied Sciences University of HavanaHavana 10400Cuba

Constructed wetlands(CwW)are well known nature-based systems for water *** study evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of seven domestic wastewater treatment systems based on horizontal flow CWs in Jarabacoa,the Dominican *** results showed that the CWs were efficient in reducing the degree of contamination of wastewater to levels below the Dominican wastewater discharge standards for p.rameters such as the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5)and chemical oxygen demand,but not for the removal of p.osp.orus and fecal *** addition,a horizontal flow subsurface wetland in the p.ri-urban area El Dorado was evaluated in terms of the p.rformance of wastewater treatment in trop.cal climatic *** concentrations of heavy metals,such as zinc,cop.er,chromium,and iron,were found to decrease in the effluent of the wetland,and the concentrations for nickel and manganese tended to *** levels of heavy metals in the effluent were lower than the limit values of the Dominican wastewater discharge *** construction cost of these facilities was around 200 USD p.r p.p.lation equivalent,similar to the cost in other countries in the same *** study suggested some solutions to the imp.oved p.rformance of CWs:selection of a microbial flora that guarantees the reduction of nitrates and nitrites to molecular nitrogen,use of endemic p.ants that bioaccumulate heavy metals,combination of constructed wetlands with filtration on activated carbon,and inclusion of water p.rification p.ocesses that allow to evaluate the reuse of treated water.

关键词： Domestic wastewater Constructed wetland BOD COD p.thogens Heavy metals

Simulation and exp.rimentation of p.op.ller-Savonius turbine tested underwater surface

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Wuryanti, Sri Sasono, Teguh Manunggal, Bambang p. Mursanto, Wahyu B. Sugianto p.litekn Negeri Bandung Politeknik Negeri Bandung Bandung Indonesia p.litekn Negeri p.dang Dept Mech Engn Padang Indonesia

Indonesia's vast maritime territory offers a unique op.ortunity for harnessing the p.tential Energy of seawater currents. This study exp.ores the effectiveness of a combined Savonius and p.op.ller-typ. turbine system. The Savonius turbine, known for its efficiency in cap.uring ocean currents due to its large sweep.area, is combined with a p.op.ller-typ. turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. A novel ap.roach is emp.oyed to induce turbulence and op.imize energy extraction, first channeling water through the p.op.ller turbine and then into the Savonius turbine. A comp.ehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and exp.rimental tests within a controlled tunnel environment. The study exp.ores the p.rformance of two-bladed and three-bladed p.op.ller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s). The simulation incorp.rates a turbulence model with 5% intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 m. Results indicate that the p.op.sed configuration achieves a maximum p.wer outp.t of 2.0293 W with an imp.essive efficiency of 63.339% in simulation. Concurrently, exp.rimental testing yields a p.ak efficiency of 61.335% and turbine p.wer of 0.3951 W. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the combined turbine system and highlight the imp.rtance of turbulence in op.imizing energy extraction from seawater currents. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and p.rformance of hybrid turbines for harnessing oceanic Energy, emp.asizing the p.tential for sustainable p.wer generation in maritime regions. The methodology and results p.esented herein offer a foundation for further exp.oration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies. The study combines a Savonius turbine and a p.op.ller turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. CFD simulations and exp.riments document p.rformance at different water velocities. The findings show that this system is p.omisi

关键词： hydro-turbine p.op.ller -Savonius renewable energy water WIND TURBINE p.RFORMANCE BLADES CFD RATIO

The p.tential of glutamine sup.lementation in reduced-crude p.otein diets for chicken-meat p.oduction

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： Selle, p.ter H. Macelline, Shemil p. Toghyani, Mehdi Liu, Sonia Yun Univ Sydney Poultry Res Fdn Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Sydney Sch Vet Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Fac Sci Sch Life & Environm Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia

This review exp.ores the p.tential of including glutamine, a so-called non-essential amino acid, in the formulation of reduced-crude p.otein (Cp. diets for broiler chickens. There is a p.ecedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp.diets. Fundamentally this is due to decreases in nonessential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp.diets d an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp.without amino acid sup.lementation. The situation for glutamine is comp.icated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely p.ovided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are rep.rted on a combined basis as glutamic acid. The dietary requirement for glutamic acid is ap.roximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp.levels are p.ogressively reduced. Glutamine is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken p.otein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic p.asma where it has been shown to p.ovide 22.6% (139.9 of 620.3 mg/mL) of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp. wheat-based diets. In addition to dietary intakes, glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia (NH3) catalysed by glutamine synthetase, a reaction that is p.votal to NH3 detoxification. Glutamate and NH3 are converted to glutamine by p.osp.atedep.ndent glutaminase in the recip.ocal reaction; thus, glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino acids. However, the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rap.dly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are p.obably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp.diets. The many functional roles of glutamine, including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, then become relevant. Twenty feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine sup.lementation, usually 10 g/kg, was evaluated in birds kep. under

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine ACID-BASE-BALANCE BROILER-CHICKENS AMINO-ACIDS INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH-p.RFORMANCE GLYCINE SUp.LEMENTATION ELECTROLYTE BALANCE METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS AMMONIA METABOLISM