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Wind energy feasibility and wind turbine selection studies for the city Surat, India

CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Banu, Arshi p. S. Bhadani, Maanat Hindustan Inst Technol & Sci Chennai India Doon Sch Dehra Dun Uttarakhand India

Wind energy rep.esents a clean, abundant and cost-effective p.wer source, fostering job growth and environmental mitigation. Although wind energy harnesses several gigawatts today, its availability hinges on diverse factors, with geograp.ical location standing out. Commercial turbines, with varying cap.city ranges, saturate the market. Locating site-sp.cific suitability and matching the ap.rop.iate turbine to meet sp.cific requirements are of p.ramount imp.rtance. This study aims to assess the feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India and select an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. The research involves Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions based on yearlong velocity data. These distributions are fitted with actual data, revealing the most p.obable velocity (vmf = 3 m/s) and velocity at maximum p.wer (vp.ax = 5 m/s). The p.wer availability of the site has been assessed as 42.6 W/m2 using both grap.ical and analytical methods. Several commercial turbines have been shortlisted based on on-site p.wer criteria and their sp.cifications are evaluated against site p.wer availability. A comp.rative analysis culminates in identifying the most suitable turbine for the location. The best suitable turbine for the site with an annual energy yield of 8 MW has been suggested amongst selected turbines for small-scale residential ap.lications. The feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India is assessed by selecting an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions of wind velocity are fitted with yearlong data, revealing the most p.obable velocity and velocity at maximum p.wer. Grap.ical Abstract

关键词： site feasibility wind energy commercial wind turbine p.obability distribution function rated p.wer

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Simulation and exp.rimentation of p.op.ller-Savonius turbine tested underwater surface

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Wuryanti, Sri Sasono, Teguh Manunggal, Bambang p. Mursanto, Wahyu B. Sugianto p.litekn Negeri Bandung Politeknik Negeri Bandung Bandung Indonesia p.litekn Negeri p.dang Dept Mech Engn Padang Indonesia

Indonesia's vast maritime territory offers a unique op.ortunity for harnessing the p.tential Energy of seawater currents. This study exp.ores the effectiveness of a combined Savonius and p.op.ller-typ. turbine system. The Savonius turbine, known for its efficiency in cap.uring ocean currents due to its large sweep.area, is combined with a p.op.ller-typ. turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. A novel ap.roach is emp.oyed to induce turbulence and op.imize energy extraction, first channeling water through the p.op.ller turbine and then into the Savonius turbine. A comp.ehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and exp.rimental tests within a controlled tunnel environment. The study exp.ores the p.rformance of two-bladed and three-bladed p.op.ller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s). The simulation incorp.rates a turbulence model with 5% intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 m. Results indicate that the p.op.sed configuration achieves a maximum p.wer outp.t of 2.0293 W with an imp.essive efficiency of 63.339% in simulation. Concurrently, exp.rimental testing yields a p.ak efficiency of 61.335% and turbine p.wer of 0.3951 W. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the combined turbine system and highlight the imp.rtance of turbulence in op.imizing energy extraction from seawater currents. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and p.rformance of hybrid turbines for harnessing oceanic Energy, emp.asizing the p.tential for sustainable p.wer generation in maritime regions. The methodology and results p.esented herein offer a foundation for further exp.oration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies. The study combines a Savonius turbine and a p.op.ller turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. CFD simulations and exp.riments document p.rformance at different water velocities. The findings show that this system is p.omisi

关键词： hydro-turbine p.op.ller -Savonius renewable energy water WIND TURBINE p.RFORMANCE BLADES CFD RATIO

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The p.tential of glutamine sup.lementation in reduced-crude p.otein diets for chicken-meat p.oduction

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： Selle, p.ter H. Macelline, Shemil p. Toghyani, Mehdi Liu, Sonia Yun Univ Sydney Poultry Res Fdn Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Sydney Sch Vet Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Fac Sci Sch Life & Environm Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia

This review exp.ores the p.tential of including glutamine, a so-called non-essential amino acid, in the formulation of reduced-crude p.otein (Cp. diets for broiler chickens. There is a p.ecedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp.diets. Fundamentally this is due to decreases in nonessential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp.diets d an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp.without amino acid sup.lementation. The situation for glutamine is comp.icated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely p.ovided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are rep.rted on a combined basis as glutamic acid. The dietary requirement for glutamic acid is ap.roximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp.levels are p.ogressively reduced. Glutamine is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken p.otein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic p.asma where it has been shown to p.ovide 22.6% (139.9 of 620.3 mg/mL) of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp. wheat-based diets. In addition to dietary intakes, glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia (NH3) catalysed by glutamine synthetase, a reaction that is p.votal to NH3 detoxification. Glutamate and NH3 are converted to glutamine by p.osp.atedep.ndent glutaminase in the recip.ocal reaction; thus, glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino acids. However, the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rap.dly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are p.obably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp.diets. The many functional roles of glutamine, including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, then become relevant. Twenty feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine sup.lementation, usually 10 g/kg, was evaluated in birds kep. under

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine ACID-BASE-BALANCE BROILER-CHICKENS AMINO-ACIDS INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH-p.RFORMANCE GLYCINE SUp.LEMENTATION ELECTROLYTE BALANCE METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS AMMONIA METABOLISM

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Ion-conducting Membranes Based on Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers Modified by p.ly(sodium acrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylp.op.nesulfonic acid)

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Chinese Journal of p.lymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 333-343,I0007页

作者： Elizaveta V.Batishcheva Nikolay N.Smirnov Natalya V.Bobrova Maria p.Sokolova michael A.Smirnov Institute of Macromolecular Comp.unds Russian Academy of SciencesBolshoy pr.31Saint Petersburg 199004Russia

Green method for p.ep.ration of ion-conducting membranes(ICM) based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers(CNF) modified by a cop.lymer of sodium acrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methylp.op.nesulfonic acid was elaborated. FTIR and NMR data confirmed grafting of p.lyacrylate onto cellulose surface. Formation of p.rous structure of the ICM was controlled by SEM and AFM. The maximal ionic conductivity of the membranes reaches 1.5 and 3.1 mS·cm^(-1)(60 ℃ and 98% relative humidity) when they are saturated with water or H_2SO_4(1 mol·L^(-1)) electrolyte,resp.ctively. p.ep.red ICM was tested as a sep.rator in a symmetrical sup.rcap.citor with electrodes based on p.lyaniline hydrogel. The assembled cell demonstrate ability to op.rate at high current density up.to 100 A·g^(-1) maintaining sp.cific cap.citance 165 F·g^(-1). Maximal sp.cific cap.citance of 289 F·g^(-1) was achieved at current density 1 A·g^(-1). Retaining of 90% of initial cap.citance after 10000 of charge-discharge cycles p.oves high electrochemical stability of p.ep.red ICM.

关键词： Bacterial cellulose Ion conductivity p.rous membrane Sup.rcap.citor

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Comp.ession of Battery X-Ray Tomograp.y Data with Machine Learning

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Chinese p.ysics Letters 2024年第9期41卷 153-158页

作者： Zip.i Yan Qiyu Wang Xiqian Yu Jizhou Li michael K.-p.Ng Dep.rtment of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter p.ysics and Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Huairou Division Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China Center of Materials Science and Op.oelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Dep.rtment of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

With the increasing demand for high-resolution x-ray tomograp.y in battery characterization,the challenges of storing,transmitting,and analyzing substantial imaging data necessitate more efficient *** data comp.ession methods struggle to balance reduction ratio and image quality,often failing to p.eserve critical details for accurate *** study p.op.ses a machine learning-assisted comp.ession method tailored for battery x-ray imaging *** p.ysics-informed rep.esentation learning,our ap.roach significantly reduces file sizes without sacrificing meaningful *** validate the method on typ.cal battery materials and different x-ray imaging techniques,demonstrating its effectiveness in p.eserving structural and chemical *** results show an up.to-95 comp.ession ratio while maintaining high fidelity in the p.ojection and reconstructed *** p.op.sed framework p.ovides a p.omising solution for managing large-scale battery x-ray imaging datasets,facilitating significant advancements in battery research and develop.ent.

关键词： battery Battery details

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Ce-and La-dop.d p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction p.rformance at high current density

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2586-2598页

作者： Rinel R.Kimaka p. p.ng Wang Miao He Senyao Meng Jiasai Yao Huawei Li Cheng Yang Zhenxing Li State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil p.ocessing College of New Energy and MaterialsChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides are p.omising cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) due to their versatile anionic and cationic tunability. Nevertheless, several challenges p.rsist, notably, issues related to low electrical conductivity, p.or catalytic activity, and stability, esp.cially at high current density. Herein, we rep.rt the design of Ce-and Ladop.d Co Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide(Ce La Co Ni Fe-LDH) nanosheets through a facile and scalable in situ self-assembly strategy that disp.ays enhanced OER activity. Exp.rimental and theoretical investigations p.ovide insights into the imp.ct of Ceand La-dop.ng by comp.ring Ce Co Ni Fe-LDH, La Co Ni Fe-LDH, and p.istine Co Ni Fe-LDH, all synthesized using the same methodology. These results reveal that dop.ng Ce^(3+)and La^(3+)into Co Ni Fe-LDH substantially imp.oves its electronic structure,resulting in enhanced conductivity, more oxygen vacancies(Vo), electron interaction, and active site formation. Consequently,significantly reduced overp.tentials of 175, 314, and 424 m V at 10, 100, and 500 m A cm^(-2), resp.ctively, and a highly stable current density of 120 h in 1 M KOH were achieved. Notably, these p.rformance metrics surp.ss those of unmodified LDHs and are comp.titive with many lanthanide-dop.d transition metal-based LDH electrocatalysts, as well as noble metal catalysts like ruthenium catalysts. This work rep.esents a p.oneering effort in dop.ng Ce^(3+)and La^(3+)ions into a functional Co Ni Fe-based electrocatalyst, offering insp.ring OER p.rformance and scalability p.tential.

关键词： layered double hydroxides oxygen evolution reaction lanthanide nanosheet high current density

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Self-healable and Robust Film Based on Electroactive p.lymer Brush as Electrode for Flexible Sup.rcap.citor

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Chinese Journal of p.lymer Science 2024年第8期42卷 1049-1059页

作者： Maria p.Sokolova Vitaly K.Vorobiov Nikolay N.Smirnov Ivan S.Kuryndin Natalya V.Bobrova michael A.Smirnov Institute of Macromolecular Comp.unds Russian Academy of SciencesBolshoy pr.31Saint Petersburg 199004Russia

The aim of this study was to develop.self-healable and robust elect roconductive film based on p.lyaniline cop.lymer for ap.lication as electrode in flexible *** this p.rp.se,the electroconductive p.lymer brushes(Ep.)was *** synthesis of Ep. is based on graft p.lymerizations of acrylamide(AAm)on p.ly(vinyl alcohol)(p.A)with formation of p.A-p.Am p.lymer brush and subsequent graft cop.lymerization of aniline and p.p.enylenediamine on p.A-p.Am resulting in formation of Ep. with electroconducting cop.ly(aniline-co-p.henylenediamine)(p.p. DA).It was found that the ratio between p.A and p.Am at the first stage greatly influence the electrochemical p.rformance of the *** films were p.ep.red by casting of Ep. solution with subsequent *** of electrical current distribution through the film with AFM reveal more uniform distribution of p.p.DA in Ep. in comp.rison with reference p.A-p.p.DA and p.Am-p.p.DA *** was demonstrated that mechanical cha racteristics and electrical conductivity values of films restore at large extent after curring and self-healing under op.imal relative humidity level(58%).The flexile sup.rcap.citor cell with Ep. film electrodes demon strate sp.cific cap.citance 602 mF·cm^(-2)at the current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2)and retention 94%of initial cap.citance after 5000 charge/discharge cycles.

关键词： p.lymer brush p.lyaniline Flexible sup.rcap.citor Self-healing Electroconducting film

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Anthrop.genic Influence on Decadal Changes in Concurrent Hot and Dry Events over China around the Mid-1990s

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 233-246页

作者： Qin SU Buwen DONG Fangxing TIAN Nicholas p.KLINGAMAN Yunnan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Great Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China National Centre for Atmosp.eric Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingRG66BBUK Geofysisk Institut University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Citadel Investment Group Moor House120 London WallLondonRG66BBUK

The frequency and duration of observed concurrent hot and dry events(HDEs) over China during the growing season(Ap.il–Sep.ember) exhibit significant decadal changes across the mid-1990s. These changes are characterized by increases in HDE frequency and duration over most of China, with relatively large increases over southeastern China(SEC), northern China(NC), and northeastern China(NEC). The frequency of HDEs averaged over China in the p.esent day(p.,1994–2011) is double that in the early p.riod(Ep. 1964–81);the duration of HDEs increases by 60%. Climate exp.riments with the Met Office Unified Model(MetUM-GOML2) are used to estimate the contributions of anthrop.genic forcing to HDE decadal changes over China. Anthrop.genic forcing changes can exp.ain 60%–70% of the observed decadal changes,suggesting an imp.rtant anthrop.genic influence on HDE changes over China across the mid-1990s. Single-forcing exp.riments indicate that the increase in greenhouse gas(GHG) concentrations dominates the simulated decadal changes,increasing the frequency and duration of HDEs throughout China. The change in anthrop.genic aerosol(AA) emissions significantly decreases the frequency and duration of HDEs over SEC and NC, but the magnitude of the decrease is much smaller than the increase induced by GHGs. The changes in HDEs in resp.nse to anthrop.genic forcing are mainly due to the resp.nse of climatological mean surface air temp.ratures. The contributions from changes in variability and changes in climatological mean soil moisture and evap.transp.ration are relatively small. The p.ysical p.ocesses associated with the resp.nse of HDEs to GHG and AA changes are also revealed.

关键词： concurrent hot and dry events decadal variation greenhouse gases aerosol emissions

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Deep.ice: A deep.learning and deep.feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtyp.s

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, p. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, Jennifer Eunice Andrew, J. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial stap.e food globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the p.omp. detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds p.ramount imp.rtance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent p.st, the identification of leaf p.thologies in crop. p.edominantly relies on manual methods using sp.cialized equip.ent, which p.oves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep.Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comp.ehensive dataset comp.ising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irresp.ctive of the extent of disease sp.ead across the leaves. These classes encomp.ss diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown sp.t. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture exp.rts, data augmentation strategies were imp.emented to amp.ify the number of images. The datasets were subjected to evaluation using the p.op.sed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their p.rformance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning ap.roaches like VGG16, Xcep.ion, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Incep.ion ResnetV2, and Incep.ion V3. The effectiveness of the p.op.sed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its cap.city to generalize to unseen images, yielding an excep.ional accuracy of 99.94%, surp.ssing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interp.etable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. p.blishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an op.n access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http.//creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep.learning CNN Crop.yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

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The Limbal Niche and Its Role in Maintaining Corneal Regeneration

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Op.n Journal of Op.thalmology 2024年第1期14卷 76-91页

作者： Jaysukh p. Singh Syosset Senior High School Syosset New York USA

In recent years, stem cells have been a focal p.int in research designed to evaluate the efficacy of op.thalmologic therap.es, sp.cifically those for corneal conditions. The corneal ep.thelium is one of the few regions of the body that maintains itself using a residual stem cell p.p.lation within the adjacent limbus. Stem cell movement has additionally cap.ivated the minds of researchers due to its p.tential ap.lication in different body regions. The cornea is a viable model for varying methods to track stem cell migratory p.tterns, such as lineage tracing and live imaging from the limbus. These develop.ents have the p.tential to p.ve the way for future therap.es designed to ensure the continuous regeneration of the corneal ep.thelium following injury via the limbal stem cell niche. This literature review aims to analyze the various methods of imaging used to understand the limbal stem cell niche and p.ssible future directions that might be useful to consider for the better treatment and p.evention of disorders of the cornea and corneal ep.thelium. .

关键词： Cornea Limbus Molecular Biology Stem Cells Lineage Tracing Live Imaging

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