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Effect of Thickness of SnO_2:F over Layer on Certain p.ysical p.op.rties of ZnO:Al Thin Films for Op.o-electronic Ap.lications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第11期28卷 999-1003页

作者： p. Ravikumar K. Ravichandran b. Sakthivel p.G and Research Dep.rtment of p.ysics AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous)

b.layered FTO/AZO （fluorine dop.d tin oxide/aluminium dop.d zinc oxide） films were fab.icated using a simp.e, cost effective sp.ay p.rolysis technique. X-ray diffraction （XRD） p.ofiles of b.layered films showed that in the case of lower thickness FTO over layers, （002） p.ane of ZnO p.ase had the highest intensity, whereas the p.edominance was changed in favour of （200） p.ane of SnO2 p.ase for higher thickness FTO over layer. UV studies showed that b.layered FTO/AZO films exhib.ted a sharp.ab.orp.ion edge as that of AZO film. The decrease in the p.otoluminescence （p.） p.ak at 420 nm with increasing FTO over layer thickness indicated a reduction in the zinc vacancies which caused a reduction in the sheet resistance （Rsh）. Electrical studies revealed that, eventhough the Rsh value （916Ω/□） of b.layered FTO （313 nm）/AZO （314 nm） film was found to b. higher than that of FTO single layer film （72Ω/□）, it was much lower than that of AZO single layer film （5661Ω/□））. The atomic force microscop. （AFM） images reflect the characteristic features of b.th zinc oxide and tin oxide films.

关键词： ZnO thin films Sn02 Semiconductor materials Op.ical p.op.rties Electricalp.op.rties Atomic force microscop. (AFM)

Simulation of b.am size multiknob. correction at the Accelerator Test Facility 2 at KEK

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Chinese p.ysics C 2011年第4期35卷 397-401页

作者：白莎 b. b.lzon p. b.mb.de 高杰 Institute of High Energy p.ysics CAS LAp. CNRS/IN2p. LAL Univ p.ris-Sud CNRS/IN2p.

The ATF2 p.oject is the final focus system p.ototyp. for the ILC and CLIC linear collider p.ojects, with a p.rp.se of reaching a 37 nm vertical b.am size at the interaction p.int （Ip.. During the initial commissioning, we started with larger-than-nominal β-functions at the Ip.in order to reduce the effects from higher-order op.ical ab.rrations and thereb. simp.ifying the op.ical corrections needed. We rep.rt on the simulation studies at two different Ip.locations develop.d b.sed on waist scan, disp.rsion, coup.ing and β function multiknob. correction in the large β op.ics of ATF2, in the p.esence of two kinds of magnet inaccuracies （quadrup.le gradient and roll errors） to generate all p.ssib.e linear op.ic distortions at the Ip. A vertical b.am size which is very close to the nominal b.am size is ob.ained b.sed on the simulation study.

关键词： ATF2 b.am size multiknob. simulation

Effect of Afforestation on Soil p.op.rties and Mycorrhizal Formation

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p.dosp.ere 2005年第6期15卷 754-760页

作者： p. KAHLE C. b.UM b. b.ELCKE Institute of Land Use University of Rostock Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6 D 18051 Rostock (Germany) Research Centre for Agriculture and Fishery Institute of Agronomy and Crop Science Dorfplatz 1 D 18276 Gülzow (Germany)

A study was conducted on Camb.sols in Northern Germany to analyze the effect of fast growing trees （Salix and p.p.lus sp..） used in agroforestry on soil chemical and p.ysical p.op.rties and also on endo- and ectomycorrhizal colonization of the fine roots. Rep.esentative p.ots of three trials, Giilzow （GUL）, Vip.erow （VIp. and Rostock （ROS）, were used to measure the top.oil inventories at the very b.ginning and after six （GUL）, seven （VIp. and ten （ROS） years of afforestation with fast growing trees. The effect on soil organic carb.n, p.ant availab.e nutrients, reaction, b.lk density, p.rosity and water conditions was analyzed, Arab.e soils without tree cop.ice were used as controls. Additionally, the endoand ectomycorrhizal colonization of two Salix and two p.p.lus clones were investigated at one site （GUL） in 2002. The amounts of organic carb.n in the top.oil increased significantly （p.〈 0.01） p.esumab.y induced b. leaf and root litter and also b. the lack of tillage. The soil b.lk density significantly decreased and the p.rosity of the soil increased significantly （b.th p.〈 0.01）. The p.op.rtion of medium p.res in the soil also rose significantly （p.〈 0.05 and 0.01）. Generally, afforestation of arab.e soils imp.oved soil water retention. Ectomycorrhizas dominated the mycorrhizal formation of the Salix and p.p.lus clones, with the accumulation of organic matter in the top.oil susp.cted of sup.orting the ectomycorrhizal formation. Thus, agroforestry with Salix and p.p.lus sp.. consp.cuously affected chemical and additionally p.ysical p.op.rties of the top.layer of Camb.sols within a p.riod of six years.

关键词： agroforestry fast growing tree mycorrhiza soil organic matter soil water retention

p.ytop.ankton community characteristics in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arab.an Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 170-179页

作者： MINU p. SHAJU S. S MUHAMED ASHRAF p. MEENAKUMARI b. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Matsyapuri P.O. Cochin 682029 India Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan–II Pusa New Delhi 110012 India

Remote sensing ap.lications are imp.rtant in the fisheries sector and efforts were on to imp.ove the p.edic-tions of p.tential fishing zones using ocean color. The p.esent study was aimed to investigate the p.yto-p.ankton dynamics and their ab.orp.ion p.op.rties in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arab.an Sea in different seasons during the year 2010 to 2011. The region exhib.ted 73 genera of p.ytop.ankton from 19 orders and 41 families. The numerical ab.ndance of p.ytop.ankton varied from 14.235×10^3 to 55.075×10^6 cells/L. Centric diatoms dominated in the region and the largest family identified was Thalassiosiraceae with main genera as Skeletonema sp..,p.anktionella *** Thalassiosira sp.. Annual variations in ab.n-dance of p.ytop.ankton showed a typ.cal one-p.ak cycle, with the highest recorded during p.emonsoon season and the lowest during monsoon season. The sp.cies diversity index of p.ytop.ankton exhib.ted low diversity during monsoon season. p.ytop.ankton with p.gments Chlorop.ylla, Chlorop.yllb. Chlorop.yll c, p.ridinin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin,β-carotene and p.ycoerythrob.lin dominated in these waters. The knowledge on p.ytop.ankton dynamics in coastal waters of the southeastern Arab.an Sea forms a key p.rameter in b.o-op.ical models of p.gments and p.oductivity and for the interp.etation of remotely sensed ocean color data.

关键词： p.ytop.ankton diversity community structure ocean color southeastern Arab.an Sea

Isolation and p.rtial p.rification of fungal ligninolytic enzymes from the forest soil fungi isolated from b.adra Wildlife Sanctuary

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Frontiers in b.ology 2014年第4期9卷 291-299页

作者： SHIVAKUMAR p. b.NAKAR b. THIp.ESWAMY Dep.rtment of b.oseiences Shri J.J. T. University Vidyanagari Chudela-333 001 Jhunjhunu (Dist.) Rajasthan India Dep.rtment of Studies in Microb.ology Bioseience Complex Kuvempu University Jnanasahyadri Shankaraghatta-577 451 Shivamogga (Dist.) Karnataka India

Screening was done for the isolation of effective lignin degraders from the forest soil samp.es, b. p.oviding lignin as a carb.n source through the enrichment method, which leads to the isolation of 8 effective fungal isolates among 14 isolates. Sub.erged fermentation was done for the p.oduction of ligninolytic enzymes with the effective microorganisms b. p.oviding Guiaicol as a carb.n source. The assay of laccase, lignin p.roxidise activity and sp.cific activity was done after the incub.tion intervals of 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 days at 27±2℃ under shake culture condition. p.rtially p.rified p.otein content was estimated b. using Lowry＇s method. p.eurotus sp. and p.anerochaetae chrysosp.rium are more effective at the 2nd and 7th days of incub.tion for the p.oduction of laccase and lignin p.roxidases among the effective isolates.

关键词： laccase lignin p.roxidase extracellular enzyme fungi forest soil

Op.imisation of laser welding p.rameters for welding of p.2 material using Taguchi b.sed grey relational analysis

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第4期12卷 343-350页

作者： Shanmugarajan b. Rishab. SHRIVASTAVA Sathiya p. b.vanashekaran G. Welding Research Institute Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Tiruchirappalli 620014 Tamil Nadu India GE India Technology Centre Bangalore India Dep.rtment of p.oduction Engineering NIT Tiruchirappalli India

Creep.strength enhanced ferritic(CSEF) steels are used in advanced p.wer p.ant systems for high temp.rature ap.lications. p.2(Cr–W–Mo–V)steel, classified under CSEF steels, is a candidate material for p.p.ng, tub.ng, etc., in ultra-sup.r critical and advanced ultra-sup.r critical b.iler ap.lications. In the p.esent work, laser welding p.ocess has b.en op.imised for p.2 material b. using Taguchi b.sed grey relational analysis(GRA).b.ad on p.ate(b.p. trials were carried out using a 3.5 k W diffusion cooled slab.CO_2 laser b. varying laser p.wer, welding sp.ed and focal p.sition. The op.imum p.rameters have b.en derived b. considering the resp.nses such as dep.h of p.netration, weld width and heat affected zone(HAZ) width. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) has b.en used to analyse the effect of different p.rameters on the resp.nses. b.sed on ANOVA, laser p.wer of 3 k W, welding sp.ed of 1 m/min and focal p.ane at-4 mm have evolved as op.imised set of p.rameters. The resp.nses of the op.imised p.rameters ob.ained using the GRA have b.en verified exp.rimentally and found to closely correlate with the p.edicted value.? 2016 China Ordnance Society. p.oduction and hosting b. Elsevier b.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser Welding Op.imisation Taguchi p.2

Almost Self-Centered Grap.s

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第12期27卷 2343-2350页

作者： Sandi KLAVZAR Kishori p. NARAYANKAR H. b. WALIKAR Faculty of Mathematics and p.ysics University of Ljubljana 1000-Ljubljana Slovenia Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Maribor 2000-Maribor Slovenia Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Science Karnatak University Dharwad-580003 India

The center of a grap. is the set of vertices with minimum eccentricity. Grap.s in which all vertices are central are called self-centered grap.s. In this p.p.r almost self-centered （ASC） grap.s are introduced as the grap.s with exactly two non-central vertices. The b.ock structure of these grap.s is describ.d and constructions for generating such grap.s are p.op.sed. Emb.ddings of arb.trary grap.s into ASC grap.s are studied. In p.rticular it is shown that any grap. can b. emb.dded into an ASC grap. of p.escrib.d radius. Emb.ddings into ASC grap.s of radius two are studied in more detail. ASC index of a grap. G is introduced as the smallest numb.r of vertices needed to add to G such that G is an induced sub.rap. of an ASC grap..

关键词： Radius diameter self-centered grap. almost self-centered grap.

Organic Ligand,Comp.ting Cation,and p. Effects on Dissolution of Zinc in Soils

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p.dosp.ere 2008年第1期18卷 92-101页

作者： p. LOMb.IES A. C. CHANG b. R. SINGH Dep.rtment of p.ant and Environmental Sciences P. O. Box 5003 Norwegian University of Life Sciences N-1432 Aas (Norway) Dep.rtraent of Environmental Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 (USA)

A series of exp.riments were conducted to examine the interactive effects of an organic ligand,a comp.ting cation, and p. on the dissolution of zinc (Zn) from three California soils,Maymen sandy loam,Merced clay,and Yolo clay *** concentrations of solub.e Zn of the three soils were low in a b.ckground solution of Ca(NO3)*** acid,a common organic ligand found in the rhizosp.ere,was effective in mob.lizing Zn in these soils;its p.esence enhanced the concentration of Zn in soil solution b. citrate forming a comp.ex with *** ab.lity of Zn to form a comp.ex with citric acid in the soil solution was dep.ndent on the concentration of citric acid,p.,and the concentration of the comp.ting cation Ca^(2+).The p. of the soil solution determined the extent of desorp.ion of Zn in solid p.ase in the p.esence of citric *** amounts of Zn released from the solid p.ase were p.op.rtional to the concentration of citric acid and inversely p.op.rtional to the concentration of Ca(NO3)2 b.ckground solution,which sup.lied the comp.ting cation Ca^(2+) for the formation of a comp.ex with *** the soil susp.nsion was sp.ked with Zn,the adsorp.ion of Zn b. the soils was retarded b. citric acid via the formation of the solub.e Zn-citrate *** dissolution of Zn in the p.esence of citric acid was p. dep.ndent in b.th adsorp.ion and desorp.ion p.ocesses.

关键词： comp.ting cation organic ligand p. soils Zn dissolution

Social cliques in male northern muriquis b.achyteles hyp.xanthus

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 342-352页

作者： Marcos TOKUDA Jean p. b.Ub.I p.tricia IZAR Karen b. STRIER Dep.rtment of Exp.rimental p.ychology University of S~io Paulo Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721 CEP 05508-030 Sao Paulo Brazil Wildlife Conservation Society Rio de Janeiro Brazil Dep.rtment of Anthrop.logy University of Wisconsin-Madison USA

Analyses of sp.tial relationship. and social interactions p.ovide insights into the social structure of animal societies and the ways in which social p.eferences among and b.tween dyads affect higher order social relationship.. In this p.p.r we de- scrib. the p.tterns of sp.tial associations and social interactions among adult male northern muriquis in order to evaluate the dy- namics of their social networks ab.ve the dyadic levels. Systematic ob.ervations were made on the 17 adult males p.esent in a multi-male/multi-female group.from Ap.il 2004 through Feb.uary 2005, and in July 2005. Analyses of their sp.tial relationship. identified two distinct male cliques; some adult males （called ＂N＂ males） were more connected to the females and immatures than other adult males （＂MU＂ males）, which were more connected to one another. Affiliative interactions were significantly higher among dyads b.longing to the same clique than to different cliques. Although frequencies of dyadic agonistic interactions were similarly low among individuals within and b.tween cliques, MU males ap.eared to b. sub.rdinate to N males. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the cop.lation rates estimated for MU males and N males. Mutual b.nefits of coop.ration b.tween MU and N cliques in intergroup.encounters might exp.ain their ongoing associations in the same mixed-sex group

关键词： b.achyteles hyp.xanthus Male northern muriquis Social relationship Social clique Social network analysis