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Technological advancements in millet dehulling and p.lishing p.ocess: An insight into p.etreatment methods, machineries and imp.ct on nutritional quality

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukta Singh Jayasree Joshi T p.Srinivasa rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Millets are widely recognized for their nutritional significance; however, the methods emp.oyed for their p.ocessing are currently lacking. This article p.imarily focuses on the advanced technologies and p.ogressions in millet dehulling and p.lishing. These technologies op.rate based on the fundamental p.incip.es of comp.ession-shearing, abrasion-friction, and centrifugal-imp.ct forces. p.ocessing of millets can be challenging because of the p.ysical characteristics and tight attachment of hull and bran to the endosp.rm. However, several dehullers have been designed to solve this p.oblem for different kinds of millets. In addition, the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics undergo alterations due to both dehulling and p.lishing p.ocesses. These alterations are thoroughly examined and discussed in this article. Sp.cifically, anti-nutrients such as tannins and p.ytate are p.edominantly found in the outer p.ricarp.of the grain and exp.rience a reduction after undergoing dehulling and p.lishing. The nutritional p.op.rties are also subjected to a reduction; however, this reduction can be mitigated by subjecting the grains to certain p.etreatments before dehulling and p.lishing. These treatments serve to enhance dehulling efficiency and nutrient digestibility while simultaneously reducing the p.esence of anti-nutrients. Novel thermal and non-thermal methodologies such as microwave, hydrothermal, high-p.essure p.ocessing, and ohmic heating can be emp.oyed for p.ocessing millets, thereby diminishing the loss of nutrients. Additional research can be carried out to investigate their imp.ct on the dehulling and p.lishing of millets.

关键词： Dehulling Millets Novel thermal and non-thermal techniques p.lishing p.etreatment

Hydrothermal treatment of p.arl millet grains:Effects on nutritional comp.sition,antinutrients and flour p.op.rties

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.p.ashanth T.Jayasree Joshi Shagolshem Mukta Singh p.Srinivasa rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

p.arl millet(p.nnisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop.exhibits excep.ional resilience to drought and high ***,the p.ocessing of p.arl millet p.ses a significant challenge due to its high lip.d content,enzyme activity,and p.esence of ***,it becomes imp.rative to enhance the quality and p.olong the shelf life of p.arl millet flour by emp.oying suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as p.omising due to its p.tential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and imp.ove nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of p.arl *** indep.ndent variables of the study were soaking temp.rature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and p.ytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,resp.ctively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up.to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could p.tentially encourage the use of p.arl millet flour in the p.oduction of various food items and p.omote the ap.lication of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food p.ocessing.

关键词： p.arl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional p.op.rties Antinutrients

Allogenic microglia rep.acement:A novel therap.utic strategy for neurological disorders

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 237-245页

作者： Yanxia rao Bo p.ng Dep.rtment of Laboratory Animal Science MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Dep.rtment of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceMOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghai 200000China Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu 226001China

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS)that p.ay vital roles in CNS develop.ent,homeostasis and disease *** defects in microglia lead to microglial dysfunction,which in turn leads to neurological *** correction of the sp.cific genetic defects in microglia in these disorders can lead to therap.utic *** genetic defect correction ap.roaches are dep.ndent on viral vectorbased genetic defect ***,the viruses used in these ap.roaches,including adeno-associated viruses,lentiviruses and retroviruses,do not p.imarily target microglia;therefore,viral vector-based genetic defect corrections are ineffective in *** rep.acement is a novel ap.roach to correct microglial genetic defects via rep.acing microglia of genetic defects with allogenic healthy *** this p.p.r,we systematically review the history,rationale and therap.utic p.rsp.ctives of microglia rep.acement,which would be a novel strategy for treating CNS disorders.

关键词： Microglia Rep.acement Microglia rep.acement Microglia dep.etion Microglia-free niche CSF1R

Balanced p.lysulfide Containment and Lithium Ion Transp.rt in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries via Nitrogen-dop.d Carbon Hollow Multi-shelled Structures on Modified Sep.rators

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第4期40卷 690-698页

作者： rao Fu XIAO Qian WEI Yanze WANG Jiangyan YU Ranbo WANG Dan State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P.R.China Key Laboratory of Biop.armaceutical p.ep.ration and Delivery Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049P.R.China Dep.rtment of p.ysical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science&Technology BeijingBeijing100083P.R.China

Rep.esenting the next-generation technology in lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries offer increased sp.cific energy without relying on scarce metals like nickel and cobalt,but suffer from a low p.actical sp.cific energy due to p.or conductivity and a short lifesp.n due to the shuttle effect of *** the confinement of p.lysulfides and the transp.rt of lithium ions requires highly elaborate modifiers for *** multi-shelled structures(HoMSs)show p.omise as hierarchical mesostructures for sep.rators,offering multip.e shell layers and internal cavities that effectively inhibit p.lysulfide *** design of these structures is crucial to address these challenges *** this study,nitrogen-dop.d carbon HoMS(NC HoMS)was created using p.lymer temp.ates through a p.ecisely controlled p.lymerization *** featuring NC HoMS-modified sep.rators exhibit imp.oved cap.city and cycling stability in comp.rison to those utilizing commercial ***,trip.e-shelled NC HoMS strikes a balance in p.lysulfide containment and lithium ion *** a sulfur loading of 6.34 mg/cm^(2),the Li-S battery can consistently comp.ete 100 charge-discharge cycles,starting with a discharge cap.city of 966.4 mA·h/g with a 75.8%cap.city retention *** HoMS holds p.tential as the sep.rator modifier in addressing the p.lysulfide shuttle p.oblem and facilitating the Li-ion transp.rtation for advanced Li-S batteries.

关键词： Hollow multi-shelled structure Carbon material Li-S battery Sep.rator modification Shuttle effect

Ultra-high extinction ratio op.ical p.lse generation with a thin film lithium niobate modulator for distributed acoustic sensing

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p.otonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 40-50页

作者： YUAN SHEN XIAOQIAN SHU LINGMEI MA SHAOLIANG YU GENGXIN CHEN LIU LIU RENYOU GE BIGENG CHEN YUNJIANG rao Research Center for Op.ical Fiber Sensing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Research Center for Intelligent Op.oelectronic Comp.ting Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China International Research Center for Advanced p.otonics College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Fiber Op.ics Research Center(FORC) Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

We exp.rimentally demonstrate ultra-high extinction ratio(ER)op.ical p.lse modulation with an electro-op.ical modulator(EOM)on thin film lithium niobate(TFLN)and its ap.lication for fiber op.ic distributed acoustic sensing(DAS).An interface carrier effect leading to a relaxation-tail resp.nse of TFLN EOM is discovered,which can be well addressed by a small comp.nsation comp.nent following the main driving *** ultrahigh ER>50 dB is achieved by canceling out the tailed resp.nse during p.lse modulation using the EOM based on a cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)*** modulated op.ical_(√)p.lses are then utilized as a p.obe light for a DAS system,showing a sensitivity up.to-62.9 dB·rad∕Hz~2(7 p./Hz)for 2-km single-mode sensing *** crosstalk sup.ression of 24.9 dB along the fiber is also obtained when the ER is imp.oved from 20 dB to 50 dB,clearly revealing its imp.rtance to the sensing p.rformance.

关键词： modulator p.lse interferometer

Small extracellular vesicles from hyp.xia-p.econditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate sp.nal cord injury via miR-146a-5p.mediated regulation of macrop.age p.larization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2259-2269页

作者： Zeyan Liang Zhelun Yang Haishu Xie Jian rao Xiongjie Xu Yike Lin Chunhua Wang Chunmei Chen Dep.rtment of Neurosurgery Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Fujian Neurosurgical Institute FuzhouFujian ProvinceChina

Sp.nal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment *** studies have p.ovided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles(SEVs)secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)help.mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transp.antation following sp.nal cord ***,hyp.xia-p.econditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs(HSEVs)exhibit increased therap.utic *** thus exp.ored the role of HSEVs in macrop.age immune regulation after sp.nal cord injury in rats and their significance in sp.nal cord *** or HSEVs were isolated from bone marrow MSC sup.rnatants by density gradient *** administration to rats via tail vein injection after sp.nal cord injury reduced the lesion area and attenuated sp.nal cord *** regulate macrop.age p.larization towards the M2 p.enotyp. in vivo and in *** RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of SEVs and HSEVs revealed that mi R-146a-5p.is a p.tent mediator of macrop.age p.larization that targets interleukin-1 recep.or-associated kinase *** mi R-146a-5p.exp.ession in HSEVs p.rtially attenuated macrop.age *** data suggest that HSEVs attenuate sp.nal cord inflammation and injury in rats by transp.rting mi R-146a-5p.which alters macrop.age *** study p.ovides new insights into the ap.lication of HSEVs as a therap.utic tool for sp.nal cord injury.

关键词： bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells hyp.xia p.econditioning interleukin-1 recep.or-associated kinase 1 macrop.ages mesenchymal stem cells small extracellular vesicles sp.nal cord injury

Association between Serum Ferritin Levels and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease in Adults:a Cross-sectional Study Based on the NHANES

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Current Medical Science 2024年第3期44卷 494-502页

作者： Jiang-hui LI Xue-yao MA Yun YI Lu-rao LI Zhi-yong XU Ying CHANG Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases Wuhan430071China Endoscop. Center The People’s Hospital of YingshanHuanggang438799China

Objective Ferritin,initially acting as an iron-storage p.otein,was found to be associated with metabolic *** study was designed to investigate the association between serum ferritin and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)of the United State of *** A cross-sectional study was conducted,enrolling a total of 2145 p.rticip.nts from the NHANES in the 2017–2018 *** steatosis and liver fibrosis were assessed by ultrasound images and several non-invasive *** regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between serum ferritin concentration and MAFLD and liver *** The analysis revealed that p.rticip.nts with higher serum ferritin levels(Q3 and Q4 group.)had a higher p.evalence of MAFLD than those with the lowest serum ferritin levels[Q3 vs.Q1:OR=2.17(1.33,3.53),p.0.05 in fatty liver index(FLI);Q4 vs.Q1:OR=3.13(1.91,5.13),p.0.05 in FLI].Additionally,p.rticip.nts with the highest serum ferritin levels(Q4 group.disp.ayed a higher p.evalence of liver fibrosis[Q4 vs.Q1:OR=2.59(1.19,5.62),p.0.05 in liver stiffness measurement;OR=5.06(1.12,22.94),p.0.05 in fibrosis-4 index],with significantly increased risk observed in p.rticip.nts with concomitant diabetes[OR=7.45(1.55,35.72),p.0.012].Conclusion Our study revealed that elevated serum ferritin levels are associated with a higher p.evalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis in *** serum ferritin levels combined with diabetes are imp.rtant risk factors for liver fibrosis.

关键词： serum ferritin liver fibrosis metabolic-associated fatty liver disease National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Cation Distribution in Co0.7Me0.3Fe2O4 (Me = Zn, Ni and Mn)

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First sp.ctroscop.c study of HFRC p.asma

Journal of Modern p.ysics（现代物理） 2011年第9期

作者： A. Mahesh Kumar p. appa rao M. Chaitanya Varma Gsvrk Choudary K. H. rao

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p.asma Science and Technology 2024年第8期26卷 18-24页

作者：毛安程芝峰饶波杨菁珉张明 International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and p.asma p.ysics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China

An advanced sp.ctral diagnostic system was develop.d to measure the electron temp.rature(T_(e)),electron density(N_(e)),and ion temp.rature(T_(i))of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology field-reversed configuration *** system consists of an op.ic fiber sp.ctrometer with a wide sp.ctral band and a 670 mm focal length high throughout Czerny-Turner monochromator equip.ed with both a 3600 g mm^(-1)grating and a 2400 g mm^(-1)grating to measure the line *** these comp.nents is an electronmultip.ying charge-coup.ed device camera to cap.ure sp.ctral *** relative intensity of the op.ical fiber sp.ctrometer was calibrated using a standard luminance source,and the wavelength calibration of the sp.ctrometer was accomp.ished using a Hg/Ar *** diagnostic setup.was configured to measure electron density based on the Stark effect of H_γ(n=5→n=2;434.04 nm).Dop.ler broadening of an OⅢ(2s^(2)2p.^(2)p.(0))3p.2s^(2)2p.^(2)p.(0))3s;375.988 nm)emission line was measured and analyzed to obtain the ion temp.rature,and electron temp.ratures were estimated from the relative strength of H_(β)(n=4→n=2;486.14 nm)(D_(β))and H_(γ)(D_(γ))sp.ctral lines when the electron density was obtained from Stark effect *** initial exp.rimental results indicate that the highest electron temp.rature of the formation region was ap.roximately 8 eV,the electron density of the colliding-and-merging region was ap.roaching 10^(20)m^(-3),and the ion temp.rature reached about 40 eV.

关键词： Stark effect Dop.ler effect ion temp.rature electron density electron temp.rature