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Design concepts of an aircraft wing： composite and morphing airfoil with auxetic structures

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 394-408页

作者： p r budarapu Sudhir Sastry Y B r NATArAJAN Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India Department of Aeronautical Engineering College of Engineering Defence University Ethiopia Department of Aeronautical Engineering Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Hyderabad India

This paper is categorized into two parts. （1） A frame work to design the aircraft wing structure and （2） analysis ofa morphing airfoil with auxetic structure. The developed design frame work in the first part is used to arrive at the sizes of the various components of an aircraft wing structure. The strength based design is adopted, where the design loads are extracted from the aerodynamic loads. The aerodynamic loads acting on a wing structure are converted to equivalent distributed loads, which are further converted point loads to arrive at the shear forces, bending and twisting moments along the wing span. Based on the estimated shear forces, bending and twisting moments, the strength based design is employed to estimate the sizes of various sections of a composite wing structure. A three dimensional numerical model of the composite wing structure has been developed and analyzed for the extreme load conditions. Glass fiber reinforced plastic material is used in the numerical analysis. The estimated natural frequencies are observed to be in the acceptable limits. Furthermore, the discussed design principles in the first part are extended to the design of a morphing airfoil with auxetic structure. The advantages of the morphing airfoil with auxetic structure are （i） larger displacement with limited straining of the components and （ii） unique deformation characteristics, which produce a theoretical in-plane poisson＇s ratio of -1. Aluminum Alloy AL6061-T651 is considered in the design of all the structural elements. The compliance characteristics of the airfoil are investigated through a numerical model. The numerical results are observed to be in close agreement with the experimental results in the literature.

关键词： wing design aerodynamic loads morphing airfoil auxetic structures negative poisson's ratio

Honeycomb-spiderweb-inspired self-similar hybrid cellular structures for impact applications

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of welds of AZ31B magnesium alloy produced by different gas tungsten arc welding variants

Defence technology 2025年第1期 182页

作者： K.Tewari M.K.pandit M.M.Mahapatra p.r.budarapu

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 98-110页

作者： S.Srinivasan r.ravi Bharath A.Atrens p.Bala Srinivasan School of Mechanical Engineering SASTRA Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur 613401India Welding research Institute Bharat Heavy Electricals LimitedTiruchirappalli 620014India School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM)University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia High Energy Batteries(India)Limited MathurTiruchirappalli 622515India

This work aimed to(i)understand conventional and pulse gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)of AZ31B,and(ii)explore high frequency welding(100 Hz-1500 Hz).GTA welding with alternating current(AC)and direct current electrode positive(DCEp)polarities yielded crack-free partial penetration welds for6 mm thick AZ31B alloy *** under direct current electrode negative(DCEN)polarity with identical parameters as that for AC and DCEp resulted in full penetration welds that had ***-free full-penetration welds could be accomplished with pulse GTA welding using DCEN polarity at a pulse frequency of 1 Hz with a pulse duration ratio of 1:*** resultant DCEN p 1:1 weld metal had a microstructure finer than the conventional DCEN *** produced with pulse duration ratios of 1:2and 1:4 lacked penetration but had a much finer microstructures because of the lower heat *** arc constriction by the high frequency pulsing in the Activ Arc■-High frequency(AA-HF)mode welding was responsible for deeper *** produced under DCEN pulsing and AA-HF conditions had hardness higher than conventional DCEN,DCEp and AC GTA welds,attributed to the finer ***-HF GTA welding produced defect free deeper penetration welds with good microstructural features/mechanical properties and also gave an advantage of 50%enhanced productivity when welded at1500 Hz.

关键词： AZ31B alloy pulse GTAW High frequency Microstructure Mechanical properties productivity

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： Benjamin r.Helmold Angela Ahrens Zachary Fitzgerald p.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SpAST spastin

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.r.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.r.Wayne Moore Jack p.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Impact analysis of compressor rotor blades of an aircraft engine

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 505-514页

作者： Y B SUDHIr SASTrY B G KIrOS F HAILU r budarapu Department of Aeronautical Engineering Institute of Aeronautical EngineeringDundigalHyderabad 500043India Department of Aeronautical Engineering College of EngineeringDefense UniversityBishoftu 1041Ethiopia School of Mechanical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar 752050India

Frequent failures due to foreign particle impacts are observed in compressor blades of the interceptor fighter MIG-23 aircraft engines in the Ethiopian air force,supplied by the Dejen Aviation *** this paper,we made an attempt to identify the causes of failure and hence recommend the suitable materials to withstand the foreign particle *** and stress analysis of one of the recently failed MIG-23 gas turbine compressor blades made up of the following Aluminum based alloys:6061-T6,7075-T6,and 2024-T4,has been performed,apart from the impact analysis of the rotor blades hit by a granite *** numerical results are correlated to the practical *** on the modal,stress and impact analysis and the material properties of the three considered alloys,alloy 7075-T6 has been recommended as the blade material.

关键词： axial flow compressor rotor and stator blades aircraft engine stress and impact analysis aluminum alloys

Biopolymer Decorated pencil Graphite Electrode for the In-situ Quantification of L-Tryptophan in Dietary Supplements

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2025年第01期 82-95页

作者： V.Devika p.J.Sreelekshmi B.Vedhanarayanan Sandhya Sadanandan r.rejithamol Department of Chemistry Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Graduate School of Science Chiba University Department of Chemistry School of Advanced SciencesVIT-AP University

A simplistic and novel electrochemical sensor for selectively detecting the essential amino acid tryptophan in dietary supplements was fabricated on a pencil graphite electrode modified with a tryptophan-based dipeptide. The dipeptide was synthesized using common synthetic strategy for amino acid couplings. The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and infrared spectroscopy. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical response of the fabricated electrode to tryptophan in dietary supplements. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a distinct oxidation peak at + 0.671 V corresponding to tryptophan was noticed in differential pulse voltammetry, which indicated the detection of tryptophan by the fabricated electrode. The oxidation peak current for tryptophan was found to be linear within a concentration range of 10–350 μM with a lower detection limit of 1.2 μM, and the sensitivity of the fabricated electrode was 6.9 μA/μM/cm 2. Excellent selectivity, permissible reproducibility, and good stability of the sensor make it undoubtedly suitable for determining tryptophan in dietary supplements.

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Investigation of a NO_(x) emission from coal power plants in Texas, United States and its impact on the environment

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China Geology 2025年第1期8卷 107-116页

作者： Mikalai Filonchyk Michael p.peterson Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China Department of Geography and Geology University of Nebraska OmahaOmaha NE 68182USA

Texas is the largest state by area in the US after Alaska,and one of the top states in the production and consumption of electricity with many coal-fired ***-fired power plants emit greater than 70% of pollutants in the energy *** coal is burned to produce electricity,nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))are released into the air,one of the main pollutants that threaten human health and lead to a large number of premature *** key to effective air quality management is the strict compliance of all plants with emission ***,not all Texas coal plants have the environmental equipment to lower pollutant *** dioxide(NO2)observations from the TrOpOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TrOpOMI)were used to evaluate the emissions for Texas power *** from both the Emissions and Generation resource Integrated Database(EGrID)and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric research(EDGAr)were used to examine *** was found that NOx emissions for Texas power plants range from 1.53 kt/year to 10.99 kt/year,with the Martin Lake,Limestone and Fayette power project stations being the top *** parish and Martin Lake stations have the strongest NOx fluxes,with both exhibiting significant seasonal *** of bottom-up inventories for EDGAr and EGrID show a high correlation(r=0.956)and a low root mean square error(0.766).A more reasonable control policy would lead to much reduced NOx emissions.

关键词： NO_(x)emission Enironmental pollution power plants TrOpOMI EDGAr Human health EGrID. Texas

Vibration analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in elastic medium

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014年第2期8卷 151-159页

作者： pattabhi r. budarapu Sudhir Sastry YB Brahmanandam JAVVAJI D. roy MAHApATrA Institute of Structural Mechanics Bauhaus University of Weimar Weimar 99423 Germany Deptarment of Aeronautical Engineering Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Hyderabad 500043 India Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India

We propose a method to estimate the natural frequencies of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） embedded in an elastic medium. Each of the nested tubes is treated as an individual bar interacting with the adjacent nanotubes through the inter-tube Van der Waals forces. The effect of the elastic medium is introduced through an elastic model. The mathematical model is finally reduced to an eigen value problem and the eigen value problem is solved to arrive at the inter-tube resonances of the MWCNTs. Variation of the natural frequencies with different parameters are studied. The estimated results from the present method are compared with the literature and results are observed to be in close agreement.

关键词： natural frequencies multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS) elastic medium