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Alleviation of Soil Acidity and Aluminium phytotoxicityin Acid Soils by Using Alkaline-Stabilized Biosolids

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pedosphere 2002年第2期12卷 185-188页

A pot experiment was catried out to study alleviation of soil acidity and Al toxicity by applying analkaline-stabilised sewage sludge product (biosolids) to an acid clay sandy loam (pH 5.7) and a strongly acidsandy loam (pH 4.5). Barley (Hondeum vulgare L. cv. Forrester) was used as a test crop and was grownin the sewage sludge-amended (33.5 t sludge DM ha-1) and unamended soils. The results showed that thealka1ine biosloids increased soil pH from 5.7 to 6.9 for the clay sandy loam and from 4.5 to 6.0 for the sandyloam. The sludge product decreased KCl-extractable Al from 0.1 to 0.0 cmol kg-1 for the former soil andfrom 4.0 to 0.1 cmol kg-1 for the latter soil. As a result, barley plants grew much better and grain yieldincreased greatly in the amended treatments compared with the unamended controls. These observationsindicate that alkaline-stabilised biosolids can be used as a liming material for remedying Al phytotoxicity instrongly acid soils by increasing soil pH and lowering Al bioavailability.

关键词： alkaline biosolids phytotoxicity,soil acidity soil remediation

Responses of Greenhouse Tomato and pepper Yields and Nitrogen Dynamics to Applied Compound Fertilizers

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pedosphere 2004年第2期14卷 213-222页

作者： ZHUJian-Hua LIXiao-Lin ZHANGFu-Suo LIJun-Liang p.christie p．christie KeyLaboratoryofplant-SoilInteractions MinistryofEducation.ChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100094（China）／E-mail：zhucool@*** DepartmentofAgronomy LaiyangAgriculturalCollegeShandong265200（china） AgriculturalandEnuironmentalSciencsDepartment Queen＇sUniversityBelfastNewforgeLaneBelfastBT95PX（UX）

Yield and N uptake of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) crops in five successive rotations receiving two compound fertilizers (12-12-17and 21-8-11 N-p_2O_5-K_2O) were studied to determine 1) crop responses, 2) dynamics of NO_3-N andNH_4-N in different soil layers, 3) N balance and 4) system-level N efficiencies. Five treatments (2fertilizers, 2 fertilizer rates and a control), each with three replicates, were arranged in thestudy. The higher N fertilizer rate,300 kg N ha^(-1) (versus 150 kg N ha^(-1)), returned highervegetable fruit yields and total aboveground N uptake with the largest crop responses occurring forthe low-N fertilizer (12-12-17) applied at 300 kg N ha^(-1) rather than with the high-N fertilizer(21-8-11). Ammonium-N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile declined during the experiment, whilenitrate-N remained at a similar level throughout the experiment with the lower rate of fertilizer *** the higher rate of N fertilizer there was a continuous NO_3-N accumulation of over 800 kg Nha^(-1). About 200 kg N ha^(-1) was applied with irrigation to each crop using NO_3-contaminatedgroundwater. In general, about 50% of the total N input was recovered from all treatments. pepper,relative to tomato, used N more efficiently with smaller N losses, but the crops utilized less than29% of the fertilizer N over the two and a half-year period. Local agricultural practices maintainedhigh residual soil nutrient status. Thus, optimization of irrigation is required to minimizenitrate leaching and maximize crop N recovery.

关键词： greenhouse vegetables N dynamics N efficiency N uptake N utilization

physiological and Antioxidant Responses of Germinating Mung Bean Seedlings to phthalate Esters in Soil

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pedosphere 2014年第1期24卷 107-115页

作者： MA Ting-Ting p.christie LUO Yong-Ming TENG Ying Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Single phytotoxicity of two representative phthalate esters(pAEs),di-n-butyl phthalate(DnBp)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHp),was tested in mung bean(Vigna radiata)seedlings germinated for 72 h in soils spiked with varying concentrations(0-500 mg kg^(-1)soil)of DnBp or *** added at up to 500 mg kg^(-1)soil exerted no significant effect on germination but both pollutants significantly inhibited root elongation(pp inhibited shoot elongation(pp depressed biomass on a fresh weight basis(pp but inhibited by ***,increases in superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities,as well as glutathione(GSH)content,were induced at higher concentrations(e.g.,20 mg kg^(-1))of both *** of proline in both roots and shoots and the storage compounds,such as free amino acids and total soluble sugars,in whole plant was induced under the stress exerted by both *** general responses of mung bean seedlings indicated higher toxicity of DnBp than DEHp on primary growth,during which root elongation was a more responsive *** and GSH were more sensitive parameters in the roots than in the shoots and they might be recommended as physiologically sensitive parameters to assess the toxicity of pAE compounds in soils in future long-term studies.

关键词： glutathione malondialdehyde phytotoxicity root elongation storage compounds

Natural ^(15)N Abundance in Winter Wheat Amended with Urea and Compost: A Long-Term Experiment

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pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 835-843页

作者： ZHOU Wei HU Chun-Sheng LI Ji p.christie HE Xin-Hua JU Xiao-Tang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service

We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine whether or not the δ15N of plant parts can be used as an indicator of organic amendment with compost. plant parts （roots, leaves, stems and grains） and soil were sampled at re-greening, jointing, grain filling and mature growth stages of winter wheat. There were significant differences between the urea and compost treatments in 815N of whole plants, plant parts and soil over the whole growing season. Determination of the δ15N of plant parts was more convenient than that of whole plant to distinguish between the application of organic amendment and synthetic N fertilizer.

关键词： detection growth stages natural δ15N organic food tissue

Isolation and Characterization of Chlorothalonil-Degrading Bacterial Strain H4 and Its potential for Remediation of Contaminated Soil

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pedosphere 2014年第6期24卷 799-807页

作者： ZHANG Man-Yun TENG Ying ZHU Ye WANG Jun LUO Yong-Ming p.christie LI Zhen-Gao T.K.UDEIGWE Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of plant and Soil Science Texas Tech.University

A chlorothalonil(CTN)-degrading bacterial strain H4 was isolated in this study from a contaminated soil by continuous enrichment culture to identify its characteristics and to investigate its potential for remediation of CTN in contaminated soil. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical tests and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. After liquid culture for 7 d, 82.2% of CTN was removed by strain H4. The isolate could degrade CTN over a broad range of temperatures and p H values, and the optimum conditions for H4 degradation were p H 7.0 and 30℃. Reintroduction of the bacteria into artificially contaminated soil resulted in substantial removal of CTN(> 50%) after incubation for 14 d. Soil samples treated by H4 showed significant increases(p polyphenol oxidase activity, average well-color development obtained by the Biolog Eco plate TM assay and Shannon-Weaver index, compared with the control. Strain H4 might be a promising candidate for application in the bioremediation of CTN-contaminated soils.

关键词： biodegradation fungicide soil bioremediation Stenotrophomonas sp.

Uptake of Organic phosphorus by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Red Clover

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pedosphere 2002年第2期12卷 103-110页

作者： SONGYONGCHUN p.christie DepartmentofplantNutrition CollegeofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironmentalSciencesChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100094（China） DepartmentofAgriculturalandEnvironmentalScience The

The capacities of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomusmosseae and Glomus versiforme, to mineralize added organic p werestudied in a sterilized clacareous soil. Mycorrhizal (inoculated witheither of the AM fungi) and non-mycorrhizal red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) plants were grown for eight weeks in pots with upperroot, central hyphal and lower soil compartments. The hyphal and soilcompartments received either organic p (as Na-phytte) or inorganic p(as KH_2pO_4) at the rate of 50 mg p kg^-1. No p was added to theroot compartments.

关键词： arbuscular mcorrhiza organic p p uptake red clover

Extractability of Cu in Alkaline Biosolids-Amended Soilsas Influenced by γ-Irradiation

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pedosphere 2002年第2期12卷 139-144页

An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate themicrobial biomass associated Cu in four contrasting soils to which analkaline stabilised sewage sludge cake was applied. The organisms ofsludge- amended and control soils were killed using γ-irradiationtechnique, and the aqueous and acid-extractable Cu concentrationswere determined. Addition of the sludge product increasedsignificantly the concentration of both the aqueous and diluteHOAc-extractable Cu in all the irradiated soils compared to thenon-sterilised sludge/soil mixtures, but the increase was morepronounced in the dilute acid-extractable Cu, indicating that the Curendered extractable in water and dilute acetic acid by γ-irradiation existed in the both soil liquid and solid phases. Theadditional increase in extractable Cu following the biocidaltreatment is likely to be due to release of Cu from the same fractionof soil microbial biomass.

关键词： acetic acid extract aqueous extract γ-irradication soil biomasscopper

Role of Carbon Substrates Added in the Transformation of Surplus Nitrate to Organic Nitrogen in a Calcareous Soil

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pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 205-212页

作者： QIU Shao-Jun JU Xiao-Tang J.INGWERSEN GUO Zi-De C.F.STANGE R.BISHARAT T.STRECK p.christie ZHANG Fu-Suo College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute

Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potential of different carbon substrates added to transform soil nitrate into soil organic N （SON）. A 56-d laboratory incubation experiment using the 15N tracer （K15NO3） technique was carried out to elucidate the proportion of SON derived from accumulated soil nitrate following amendment with glucose or maize straw at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The dynamics and isotopic abundance of mineral N （NO3 and NH4＋） and SON and greenhouse gas （N20 and CO2） emissions during the incubation were investigated. Although carbon amendments markedly stimulated transformation of nitrate to newly formed SON, this was only a substitution effect of the newly formed SON with native SON because SON at the end of the incubation period was not significantly different （p 〉 0.05） from that in control soil without added C. At the end of the incubation period, amendment with glucose, a readily available C source, increased nitrate immobilization by 2.65 times and total N20-N emission by 33.7 times, as compared with maize straw amendment. Moreover, the differences in SON and total N20-N emission between the treatments with glucose and maize straw were significant （p 〈 0.05）. However, the total N20-N emission in the straw treatment was not significantly （p ~ 0.05） greater than that in the control. Straw amendment may be a potential option in agricultural practice for transformation of nitrate N to SON and minimization of N20 emitted as well as restriction of NO3-N leaching.

关键词： available C source carbon amendments greenhouse gases N immobilization 15N tracer

Assessment of allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of praxelis (praxelis clematidea) under laboratory conditions

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Assessment of allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of ...