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Rainfall Sensitivity to Microphysics and planetary Boundary Layer parameterizations in Convection-permitting Simulations over Northwestern South America

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j.urnal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 805-825页

作者： K.Santiago HERNANDEZ Sebastian GOMEZ-RIOS j.an j.HENAO Vanessa ROBLEDO Alvaro RAMirez-CARDONA Angela M.RENDON Geolimna Escuela AmbientalFacultad de IngenieriaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellin 050010Colombia Grupo de Ingenieria y Gestion Ambiental(GIGA) Escuela AmbientalFacultad de IngenieriaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellin 050010Colombia Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512USA

Convection-permitting modeling allows us to understand mechanisms that influence rainfall in specific ***,microphysics parameterization(Mp) and planetary boundary layer(pBL) schemes remain an important source of uncertainty,affecting rainfall intensity,occurrence,duration,and ***,we study the sensitivity of rainfall to three Mp [Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) Single-Moment 6-class(WSM6),Thompson,and Morrison] and two pBL [the Yonsei University(YSU) and Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi Niino(MYNN)] schemes with a convection-permitting resolution(4 km) over northwestern South America(NWSA).Simulations were performed by using the WRF model and the results were evaluated against soundings,rain gauges,and satellite data,considering the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall over diverse regions prone to deep convection in *** and pBL schemes largely influenced simulated rainfall,with better results for the less computationally expensive WSM6 Mp and YSU pBL *** rain gauges and satellite estimates,simulations with Morrison Mp overestimated rainfall,especially westward of the Andes,whereas the MYNN pBL underestimated precipitation in the Amazon–Savannas *** found that the uncertainty in the rainfall representation is highly dependent on the region,with a higher influence of Mp in the Colombian pacific and pBL in the Amazon–Savannas *** analyzing rainfall-related processes,the selection of both Mp and pBL parameterizations exerted a large influence on the simulated lower tropospheric moisture flux and moisture *** schemes significantly influenced the downward shortwave radiation,with MYNN simulating a greater amount of low clouds,which decreased the radiation ***,latent heat fluxes were greater for YSU,favoring moist convection and *** schemes had a marked impact on vertical ***,Morrison Mp showed stronger convection and higher precipitation rates,which is assoc

关键词： sensitivity microphysics planetary boundary layer(pBL) Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) processes

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HI in High Gas-phase Metallicity Dwarf Galaxy WISEA j.30615.06+143927.9

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 292-299页

作者： Yan Guo C.Sengupta T.C.Scott p.Lagos Y.Luo purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences(IA porto) Rua das Estrelas4150-762PortoPortugal

We present resolved Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope H I observations of the high gas-phase metallicity dwarf galaxy WISEA j.30615.06+143927.9(z = 0.005)(hereafter j.306) and investigate whether it could be a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy(TDG) candidate. TDGs are observed to have higher metallicities than normal dwarfs. j.306 has an unusual combination of a blue g-r color of 0.23 mag, irregular optical morphology and high-metallicity(12 +log(O/H) = 8.68 ± 0.14), making it an interesting galaxy to study in more detail. We find j.306 to be an H I rich galaxy with a large extended, unperturbed rotating H I disk. Using our H I data we estimated its dynamical mass and found the galaxy to be dark matter(DM) dominated within its H I radius. The quantity of DM, inferred from its dynamical mass, appears to rule out j.306 as an evolved TDG. A wide area environment search reveals j.306 to be isolated from any larger galaxies which could have been the source of its high gas metallicity. Additionally, the H I morphology and kinematics of the galaxy show no indication of a recent merger to explain the *** detailed optical spectroscopic observations of j.306 might provide an answer to how a seemingly ordinary irregular dwarf galaxy achieved such a high level of metal enrichment.

关键词： galaxies:abundances galaxies:dwarf galaxies:irregular radio lines:galaxies radio lines:ISM

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Exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on predator inspection activity in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix j.p Brusseau Laurence E.A.Feyten Adam L.Crane Grant E.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

prey animals are often faced with uncertainty due to having imperfect information regarding current local conditions,including predation risks and the availability of reliable foraging opportunities(Dall 2010).As this uncertainty increases,the probability of making costly behavioral errors also increases,leading to more risk averse behavioral tactics(Feyten et al.2019).For example,Trinidadian guppies poecilia reticulata are far more risk averse when faced with multiple unknown sources of risk assessment information than when faced with a mix of known and unknown cues(Feyten et al.2019).prey can reduce uncertainty by gathering and integrating private and social information regarding current risk levels within microhabitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumstein 2012).

关键词： human disturbance information availability information reliability predator-prey interactions risk assessment uncertainty

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Electricity Generation from Heatwaves

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International j.urnal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 449-457页

作者： Diandong Ren Mervyn j. Lynch School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical Sciences Curtin University Perth Australia Australian Sustainable Development Institute (ASDI) Perth Australia

We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2022 HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequency. HWs are becoming more frequent and more severe for extratropical mid- and low-latitudes. To euphemize HWs, we here propose a novel clean energy-tapping concept that utilizes the available nano-technology, micro-meteorology knowledge of temperature distribution within/without buildings, and radiative properties of earth atmosphere. The key points for a practical electricity generation scheme from HWs are defogging, insulation, and minimizing the absorption of infrared downward radiation at the cold legs of the thermoelectric generators. One sample realization is presented which, through relay with existing photovoltaic devices, provides all-day electricity supply sufficient for providing air conditioning requirement for a residence (~2000-watt throughput). The provision of power to air conditioning systems, usually imposes a significant stress on traditional city power grids during heatwaves.

关键词： Heatwaves Climate Warming Clean Energy Generation by Thermoelectric Generator Ameliorate and Transcend Heatwaves Climate Warming Mitigation and Adaptation Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) IR Interaction with periodically Arranged Nanostructures Optical properties of Nano Fabricating passive Clean Energy Tapping/Generation

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Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 148-159页

作者： Mark j. Kupersmith Karl Kieburtz Department of Neurology Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA SafeTherapeutics LLC New York NY USA Clintrex Research Corporation Sarasota FL USA

Importance/Obj.ctive: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent inj.ry. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this maj.r healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subj.ct heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast maj.rity of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

关键词： Adverse Drug Reaction Medication Side Effect Identification Medication Complication Medication Safety

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A Simulation of the Dependence of Tidal Interaction on Galaxy Type in Compact Groups

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International j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期14卷 85-100页

作者： Mark j. Henriksen Mateo Mej.a Department of physics University of Maryland Baltimore USA

We have investigated the role that different galaxy types have in galaxy-galaxy interactions in compact groups. N-body simulations of 6 galaxies consisting of a differing mixture of galaxy types were run to compare the relative importance of galaxy population demographic on evolution. Three different groups with differing galaxy content were tested: all spiral, a single elliptical and 50% elliptical. Tidal interaction strength and duration were recorded to assess the importance of an interaction. A group with an equal number of spiral and elliptical galaxies has some of the longest and strongest interactions with elliptical-elliptical interactions being most significant. These elliptical-elliptical interactions are not dominated by a single large event but consist of multiple interactions. Elliptical galaxies tidally interacting with spiral galaxies, have the next strongest interaction events. For the case when a group only has a single elliptical, the largest magnitude tidal interaction is an elliptical on a spiral. Spirals interact with each other through many small interactions. For a spiral only group, the interactions are the weakest compared to the other group types. These spiral interactions are not dominated by any singular event that might be expected to lead to a merger but are more of an ongoing harassment. These results suggest that within a compact group, early type galaxies will not form via merger out of an assemblage of spiral galaxies but rather that compact groups, in effect form around an early type galaxy.

关键词： Galaxy Groups Galaxy Clusters Galaxy Evolution N-Body Simulations

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“Yin-Yang philosophy” for the design of anticancer drug delivery nanoparticles

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第2期5卷 144-156页

作者： Ai Y. Tian Y. Qiao j. Wang C. Li H. School of Lifesciences Shanghai University Shanghai China

Understanding the in vivo transport process provides guidelines for designing ideal nanoparticles (Nps) with higher efficacy and fewer off-target effects. Many factors, such as particle size, morphology, surface potential, structural stability, and etc., may influence the delivering process of Nps due to the existence of various physiological barriers within the body. Herein, we summarise the distinct influences of Np physicochemical properties on the four consecutive in vivo transport steps: (1) navigating with bloodstream within blood vessels, (2) transport across vasculature walls into tumour tissues, (3) intratumoural transport through the interstitial space, and (4) cellular uptake & intracellular delivery by cancerous cells. We found that the philosophy behind the current consensus for Np design has certain similarities to the “Yin-Yang” theory in traditional Chinese culture. Almost all physicochemical properties, regardless of big or small sizes, long or short length, positive or negative zeta potentials, are double-edged swords. The balance of potential benefits and side effects, drug selectivity and accessibility should be fully considered when optimising particle design, similar to the “Yin-Yang harmony”. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the advancements in Nps research, focusing on their distinct features in tumour targeting, drug delivery, and cell uptake. Additionally, it deliberates on future developmental trends and potential obstacles, thereby aiming to uncover the ways these characteristics influence the Nps’ biological activity and provide theoretical guidance for the targeted delivery of Nps. © 2024, Chinese Medical Multimedia press Co Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： in vivo drug delivery nanoparticle design on-demand drug release targeting strategy “Yin-Yang harmony”

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Unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats withα-synucleinopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2057-2067页

作者： Bismark Gatica-Garcia Michael j.Bannon Irma Alicia Martínez-Dávila Luis O.Soto-Roj.s David Reyes-Corona Lourdes Escobedo Minerva Maldonado-Berny ME Gutierrez-Castillo Armando j.Espadas-Alvarez Manuel A.Fernandez-parrilla j.an U.Mascotte-Cruz Cp Rodríguez-Oviedo Irais E.Valenzuela-Arzeta Claudia Luna-Herrera Francisco E.Lopez-Salas j.ime Santoyo-Salazar Daniel Martinez-Fong Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Department of pharmacology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Laboratorio de patogénesis Molecular Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Red de Medicina para la Educación y Desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala(Red MEDICI) Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Nanoparticle Therapy Institute AguascalientesMéxico Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

parkinsonism by unilateral,intranigralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that theα-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time,thus replicating several clinical features of parkinson’s disease,a typicalα-*** Nurr1 repressesα-synuclein,we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 *** study found that rNurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein(the negative control)reducedβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside-induced ***,a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the *** addition,tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence markerβ-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton markerβIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.A significant decrease in activated microglia(positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1)and neurotoxic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3)and increased neurotrophic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10)also occurred in the substantia *** effects followed the bilateral reduction inα-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system,improving sensorimotor *** results show that unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration(senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells),neuroinflammation(activated microglia,neurotoxic astrocytes),α-synuclein aggregation,and sensorimotor *** neurotrophic astrocytes and

关键词： A1 astrocytes A2 astrocytes gene therapy microglia motor deficits nanoparticles neurodegeneration neuroinflammation senescence α-synuclein aggregates

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Use of carbon nanotubes for strain and damage sensing of epoxy-based composites

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International j.urnal of Smart and Nano Materials 2012年第2期3卷 152-161页

作者： j.Rams M.Sánchez A.Ureña A.jiménez-Suárez M.Campo A.Güemes Materials Science and Engineering Rey Juan Carlos UniversityTulipan s/nMostoles28933 MadridSpain ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridPza.de Cardenal Cisneros 328040 MadridSpain

The interest in structural health monitoring of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers using electrical methods to detect damage in structures is growing because once the material is fabricated the evaluation of strain and damage is simple and *** order to obtain the conductivity,the polymer matrix must be conductive and the use of nanoreinforcement seems to be the most feasible *** this work,the behavior of nanoreinforced polymer with carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and composites with glass and carbon fibers with nanoreinforced matrices was *** composites were evaluated in tensile tests by simultaneously measuring stress,strain and *** elastic deformation,a linear increase in resistance was observed and during fracture of the composite fibers,stronger and discontinuous changes in the resistivity were *** other factors,the percentage of nanotubes incorporated in the matrix turned out to be an important factor in the sensitivity of the method.

关键词： carbon nanotube nanoreinforcement structural health monitoring strain sensing carbon fiber

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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò j.A.pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi p.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda D.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.De Angelis G.A.p.Cirrone D.Margarone L.Giuffrida D.Batani p.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Maj.rana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of plasma physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 pW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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