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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal.slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs pál Department of physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the rol.s of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic pl.sticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the rol.s and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological rol.s of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational.shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical.spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural.synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational.shift slow inward current

Exact solutions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a permeable axisymmetric radially stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese physics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.s.Mahabal.shwar G.p.Vanitha l.M.pérez Emad H.Aly I.pop Department of studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Departamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Department of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Department of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We report on the magnetohydrodynamic impact on the axisymmetric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanoparticl.s suspended in H_(2)O past a stretched/shrinked *** the use of partial differential equations and the corresponding thermophysical characteristics of nanoparticl.s,the physical flow process is *** resultant nonlinear system of partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using the suitable similarity *** transformed differential equations are solved *** of the magnetic parameter,solid volume fraction and stretching/shrinking parameter on momentum and temperature distribution have been analyzed and interpreted *** skin friction and Nusselt number were also *** addition,existence of dual.solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching ***,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better thermal conductivity on comparing with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first solutions of the stream are stable and physically realizable,whereas those of the second ones are unstable.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet axisymmetric flow analytical.solution suction/injection

Enhanced entropy generation and heat transfer characteristics of magnetic nano-encapsulated phase change materials in latent heat thermal energy storage systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(Engl.sh Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 1051-1070页

作者： p.s.REDDY p.sREEDEVI Department of Mathematics Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and TechnologyNandyal 518501India

The objective of the current study is to investigate the importance of entropy generation and thermal radiation on the patterns of velocity,isentropic lines,and temperature contours within a thermal energy storage device filled with magnetic nanoencapsulated phase change materials(NEpCMs).The versatile finite element method(FEM)is implemented to numerically solve the governing *** effects of various parameters,including the viscosity parameter,ranging from 1 to 3,the thermal conductivity parameter,ranging from 1 to 3,the Rayleigh parameter,ranging from 102 to 3×10^(2),the radiation number,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,the fusion temperature,ranging from 1.0 to 1.2,the volume fraction of NEpCMs,ranging from 2%to 6%,the stefan number,ranging from 1 to 5,the magnetic number,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,and the irreversibility parameter,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,are examined in detail on the temperature contours,isentropic lines,heat capacity ratio,and velocity ***,the heat transfer rates at both the cold and hot wal.s are analyzed,and the findings are presented *** resul.s indicate that the time taken by the NEpCMs to transition from solid to liquid is prolonged inside the chamber region as the fusion temperatureθf ***,the contours of the heat capacity ratio Cr decrease with the increase in the stefan number ste.

关键词： volume fraction of nano-encapsulated phase change material(NEpCM) radiation stefan number heat capacity ratio entropy generation

Development of an ultrathin liquid sheet target for l.ser ion acceleration at high repetition rates in the kilohertz range

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High power l.ser science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 134-145页

作者： M.Füle A.p.Kovács T.Gilinger M.Karnok p.Gaál.s.Figul G.Marowsky K.Osvay National l.ser-Initiated Transmutation laboratory University of SzegedSzegedHungary Department of Experimental physics University of SzegedSzegedHungary ElI Al.s ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd.SzegedHungary Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics University of SzegedSzegedHungary Advanced Microfluidic systems GmbH GöttingenGermany

A colliding microjet liquid sheet target system was developed and tested for pairs of round nozzl.s of 10,11 and 18μm in *** sheet's position stability was found to be better than a few *** interaction with 50 mJ l.ser pulses,the 18μm jet has a resonance amplitude of 16μm at a repetition rate of 33 Hz,while towards 100 Hz it converges to 10μm for all nozzl.s.A white-light interferometric system was developed to measure the liquid sheet thickness in the target chamber both in air and in vacuum,with a measurement range of 182 nm±1μm and an accuracy of±3%.The overall.shape and 3D shape of the sheet follow the Hasson±peck model in *** vacuum versus air,the sheet gradually l.ses 10%of its thickness,so the thinnest sheet achieved was below 200 nm at a vacuum level of 10±4mbar,and remained stable for several hours of operation.

关键词： diagnostics l.ser ion acceleration nanometric liquid sheet targets vacuum test

Chronic active and atrophic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the development of gastric cystica profunda

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2308-2310页

作者： Veronika papp pál Miheller Department of surgery Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1082Hungary

Gastric cystica profunda(GCp)is an uncommon but underestimated gastric *** precancerous potential determines its *** addition to previous mucosa injury due to operations,biopsy or polypectomy,chronic active and atrophic gastritis may also lead to the development of *** carefully examining the stomach and taking biopsy sampl.s from the susceptible regions,the stage of atrophy can be *** atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCps *** frequently occur cl.se to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic *** resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCp.

关键词： Gastric cystica profunda Chronic active gastritis Atrophic gastritis Operative link for Gastritis Assessment staging Early gastric cancer Endoscopic resection

Emission colour tuning in KlnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)phosphor

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 57-65,I0002页

作者： Janani K Gayathri E Vijayatha V Ramasubramanian s Thiyagarajan p Department of science and Humanities Nehru Institute of TechnologyKaliapuramThirumalayampalayamCoimbatoreIndia Department of sciences Amrita School of Physical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Department of physics Anna UniversityChennaiIndia

KlnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)(ln=Y,Yb,Gd)phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction *** each of the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)/Ho^(3+)co-doped phosphors independently,phase confirmation and morphological examination were accompl.shed using the X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscope anal.sis.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy anal.sis shows the charge state and existence of lanthanides and *** luminescence emissions of green and red colour were detected for the synthesized *** changes in the upconverted emission intensities and colour output pertaining to the change of the lanthanide host matrix along with dopants were investigated for the prepared *** the upconversion luminescence,erbium-doped sampl.s exhibit a predominance of red emission while holmium-doped sampl.s display a prevalence of green *** rare-earth Er/Ho doped KYbF4shows strong red emission compared to other ***_(4):Yb,Er/Ho exhibits relatively significant green upconve rsion emissions,while Yb,Er-doped KGdF_(4)host displays a 10-fold increase in green/red emission ratio with an increase in the input power of 20-780 *** photoluminescence studies and decay curve anal.sis were carried out using UV light excitation for the developed phosphors.A higher lifetime of 2.2 ms was measured for the downshifting red emission in the Ho doped KYbF_(4)*** study suggests a potential for colour tunability in the upconversion and downshifting emissions through host modifications to the fluoride phosphor.

关键词： Rare earths Energy transfer upconversion Downshifting Colour coordinates

Electron kinetic effects in back-stimulated Raman scattering bursts driven by broadband l.ser pulses

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 54-67页

作者： Q.K.liu l.Deng Q.Wang X.Zhang F.Q.Meng Y.p.Wang Y.Q.Gao H.B.Cai s.p.Zhu Graduate school China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100088China Institute of Applied physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China school of Nuclear science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China shanghai Institute of l.ser pl.sma Shanghai 201800China HEDps Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China school of physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

We examine electron kinetic effects in broadband-l.ser-driven back-stimulated Raman scattering(BsRs)bursts using particle-in-cell *** bursts occur during the nonlinear stage,causing reflectivity spikes and generating large numbers of hot ***-duration simulations are performed to observe burst events,and a simplified model is developed to eliminate the interference of the broadband l.ser’s random intensity *** the simplified model,we isolate and characterize the spectrum of electron pl.sma *** spectrum changes from a sideband structure to a turbulence-like structure during the burst.A significant asymmetry in the spectrum is *** asymmetry is amplified and transferred to electron phase space by high-intensity broadband l.ser pulses,leading to violent vortex-merging and generation of hot *** proportion of hot electrons increases from 6.76%to 14.7%during a single violent burst *** demonstrate that kinetic effects profoundly influence the BsRs evolution driven by broadband l.sers.

关键词： scattering kinetic simplified

Experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial light modulator

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Chinese Optics letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 María del Mar sánchez-lópez Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Material.s Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction *** design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by *** compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase *** also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase ***,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic *** all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial light modulators

Wind energy feasibility and wind turbine selection studies for the city surat, India

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ClEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Banu, Arshi p. s. Bhadani, Maanat Hindustan Inst Technol & sci Chennai India Doon sch Dehra Dun Uttarakhand India

Wind energy represents a clean, abundant and cost-effective power source, fostering job growth and environmental mitigation. Although wind energy harnesses several gigawatts today, its availability hinges on diverse factors, with geographical location standing out. Commercial turbines, with varying capacity ranges, saturate the market. locating site-specific suitability and matching the appropriate turbine to meet specific requirements are of paramount importance. This study aims to assess the feasibility of wind energy in surat, Gujarat, India and select an optimal.small commercial turbine for residential use. The research involves Rayleigh and Weibull probability distribution functions based on yearlong velocity data. These distributions are fitted with actual data, revealing the most probable velocity (vmf = 3 m/s) and velocity at maximum power (vpmax = 5 m/s). The power availability of the site has been assessed as 42.6 W/m2 using both graphical and analytical methods. several commercial turbines have been shortl.sted based on on-site power criteria and their specifications are evaluated against site power availability. A comparative anal.sis culminates in identifying the most suitable turbine for the location. The best suitable turbine for the site with an annual energy yield of 8 MW has been suggested amongst selected turbines for small.scale residential applications. The feasibility of wind energy in surat, Gujarat, India is assessed by selecting an optimal.small commercial turbine for residential use. Rayleigh and Weibull probability distribution functions of wind velocity are fitted with yearlong data, revealing the most probable velocity and velocity at maximum power. Graphical Abstract

关键词： site feasibility wind energy commercial wind turbine probability distribution function rated power