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Responses of Greenhouse Tomato and pepper Yields and Nitrogen Dynamics to Applied Compound Fertilizers

pedosphere 2004年第2期14卷 213-222页

作者： ZHUJian-Hua LIXiao-Lin ZHANGFu-Suo LIJun-Liang p,christie p．christie KeyLaboratoryofplant-SoilInteractions MinistryofEducation.ChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100094（China）／E-mail：zhucool@*** DepartmentofAgronomy LaiyangAgriculturalCollegeShandong265200（china） AgriculturalandEnuironmentalSciencsDepartment Queen＇sUniversityBelfastNewforgeLaneBelfastBT95PX（UX）

Yield and N uptake of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) crops in five successive rotations receiving two compound fertilizers (12-12-17and 21-8-11 N-p_2O_5-K_2O) were studied to determine 1) crop responses, 2) dynamics of NO_3-N andNH_4-N in different soil layers, 3) N balance and 4) system-level N efficiencies. Five treatments (2fertilizers, 2 fertilizer rates and a control), each with three replicates, were arranged in thestudy. The higher N fertilizer rate,300 kg N ha^(-1) (versus 150 kg N ha^(-1)), returned highervegetable fruit yields and total aboveground N uptake with the largest crop responses occurring forthe low-N fertilizer (12-12-17) applied at 300 kg N ha^(-1) rather than with the high-N fertilizer(21-8-11). Ammonium-N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile declined during the experiment, whilenitrate-N remained at a similar level throughout the experiment with the lower rate of fertilizer *** the higher rate of N fertilizer there was a continuous NO_3-N accumulation of over 800 kg Nha^(-1). About 200 kg N ha^(-1) was applied with irrigation to each crop using NO_3-contaminatedgroundwater. In general, about 50% of the total N input was recovered from all treatments. pepper,relative to tomato, used N more efficiently with smaller N losses, but the crops utilized less than29% of the fertilizer N over the two and a half-year period. Local agricultural practices maintainedhigh residual soil nutrient status. Thus, optimization of irrigation is required to minimizenitrate leaching and maximize crop N recovery.

关键词： greenhouse vegetables N dynamics N efficiency N uptake N utilization

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Effect of Alkaline-Stabilised Sewage Sludge on Extractable Organic Carbon and Copper in Soils

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pedosphere 2002年第2期12卷 97-102页

作者： LUOYONGMING p.christie InstituteofSoilScience theChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China） DepartmentofAgriculturalandEnvironmentalScience TheQueen′sUniversityofBelfastNewforgeLaneBelfastBT95PX（U

An incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential for water contamination with sludge-derived organic substances and copper following land application of alkaline-stabilised sewage sludge. Twocontrasting sludge-amended soils were studied. Both soils were previously treated with urban and ruralalkaline biosolids separately at sludge application rates of 0, 30 and 120 t ha-1 fresh product. The air-driedsoil/sludge mixtures were wetted with distilled water, maintained at 40 % of water-holding capacity andequilibrated for three weeks at 4 ℃ before extraction. Subsamples were extracted with either distilled wateror 0.5 mol L-1 K2SO4 solution. The concentrations of organic C in the aqueous and chemical extractswere determined directly with a total organic carbon (TOC) analyser. The concentrations of Cu in the twoextracts were also determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry The relationship between the twoextractable organic C fractions was examined, together with that between extractable organic C concentrationand extractable Cu concentration. Application of alkaline biosolids increased the concentrations of soil mobileorganic substances and Cu. The results are discussed in terms of a possible increase in the potential forleaching of sludge-derived organics and Cu in the sludge-amended soils.

关键词： clay extracts,leaching organic matter trace metals

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Alleviation of Soil Acidity and Aluminium phytotoxicityin Acid Soils by Using Alkaline-Stabilized Biosolids

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pedosphere 2002年第2期12卷 185-188页

A pot experiment was catried out to study alleviation of soil acidity and Al toxicity by applying analkaline-stabilised sewage sludge product (biosolids) to an acid clay sandy loam (pH 5.7) and a strongly acidsandy loam (pH 4.5). Barley (Hondeum vulgare L. cv. Forrester) was used as a test crop and was grownin the sewage sludge-amended (33.5 t sludge DM ha-1) and unamended soils. The results showed that thealka1ine biosloids increased soil pH from 5.7 to 6.9 for the clay sandy loam and from 4.5 to 6.0 for the sandyloam. The sludge product decreased KCl-extractable Al from 0.1 to 0.0 cmol kg-1 for the former soil andfrom 4.0 to 0.1 cmol kg-1 for the latter soil. As a result, barley plants grew much better and grain yieldincreased greatly in the amended treatments compared with the unamended controls. These observationsindicate that alkaline-stabilised biosolids can be used as a liming material for remedying Al phytotoxicity instrongly acid soils by increasing soil pH and lowering Al bioavailability.

关键词： alkaline biosolids phytotoxicity,soil acidity soil remediation

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physiological and Antioxidant Responses of Germinating Mung Bean Seedlings to phthalate Esters in Soil

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pedosphere 2014年第1期24卷 107-115页

作者： MA Ting-Ting p.christie LUO Yong-Ming TENG Ying Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Single phytotoxicity of two representative phthalate esters(pAEs),di-n-butyl phthalate(DnBp)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHp),was tested in mung bean(Vigna radiata)seedlings germinated for 72 h in soils spiked with varying concentrations(0-500 mg kg^(-1)soil)of DnBp or *** added at up to 500 mg kg^(-1)soil exerted no significant effect on germination but both pollutants significantly inhibited root elongation(pp inhibited shoot elongation(pp depressed biomass on a fresh weight basis(pp but inhibited by ***,increases in superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities,as well as glutathione(GSH)content,were induced at higher concentrations(e.g.,20 mg kg^(-1))of both *** of proline in both roots and shoots and the storage compounds,such as free amino acids and total soluble sugars,in whole plant was induced under the stress exerted by both *** general responses of mung bean seedlings indicated higher toxicity of DnBp than DEHp on primary growth,during which root elongation was a more responsive *** and GSH were more sensitive parameters in the roots than in the shoots and they might be recommended as physiologically sensitive parameters to assess the toxicity of pAE compounds in soils in future long-term studies.

关键词： glutathione malondialdehyde phytotoxicity root elongation storage compounds

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Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Nitrogen Forms in a Calcareous Alluvial Soil on the North China plain

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pedosphere 2006年第2期16卷 224-229页

作者： JU Xiao-Tang LIU Xue-Jun ZHANG Fu-Suo p. christie Key Laboratory of plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China） Agricultural and Environmental Science Department The Queen＇s University of Belfast Belfast BT9 5PX （UK）

In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen （N） supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N （TN） and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-lnsoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly （p 〈 0.05） with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing p rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or p fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased （p 〈 0.05） hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or p did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or p fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms.

关键词： chemical fertilizer long-term fertilization manure North China plain soil organic nitrogen forms

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Natural ^(15)N Abundance in Winter Wheat Amended with Urea and Compost: A Long-Term Experiment

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pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 835-843页

作者： ZHOU Wei HU Chun-Sheng LI Ji p.christie HE Xin-Hua JU Xiao-Tang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service

We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine whether or not the δ15N of plant parts can be used as an indicator of organic amendment with compost. plant parts （roots, leaves, stems and grains） and soil were sampled at re-greening, jointing, grain filling and mature growth stages of winter wheat. There were significant differences between the urea and compost treatments in 815N of whole plants, plant parts and soil over the whole growing season. Determination of the δ15N of plant parts was more convenient than that of whole plant to distinguish between the application of organic amendment and synthetic N fertilizer.

关键词： detection growth stages natural δ15N organic food tissue

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Tolerance of Grasses to Heavy Metals and Microbial Functional Diversity in Soils Contaminated with Copper Mine Tailings

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pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 363-370页

作者： TENG Ying LUO Yong-Ming HUANG Chang-Yong LONG Jian LI Zhen-Gao p. christie Soil and Environment Bioremediation Research Centre Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 （China） College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China） Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science Queen＇s University Belfast Newforge Lane Beyast BT9 5PX（UK）

Copper （Cu） mine tailings, because of their high content of heavy metals, are usually hostile to plant colonization. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the tolerance of four forage grasses to heavy metals in Cu mine tailings and to examine the variation in the microbial functional diversity of soils from the tailing sites in southern China. All the four grass species survived on Cu mine tailings and Cu mine tailing-soil mixture. However, on pure mine tailings, the growth was minimal, whereas the growth was maximum for the control without mine tailings. The tolerance of grasses to heavy metals followed the sequence： paspalum notatum 〉 Festuea arundinaeea 〉 Lolium perenne 〉 Cynodon daetylon. The planting of forage grasses enhanced the soil microbial biomass. The Biolog data indicated that the soil microbial metabolic profile values （average well color development, community richness, and Shannon index） of the four forage grasses also followed the sequence： p. notatum 〉 F. arundinaeea 〉 L. perenne 〉 C. daetylon. Thus, p. notatum, under the experimental conditions of this study, may be considered as the preferred plant species for revegetation of Cu mine tailing areas.

关键词： copper mine tailings forage grass heavy metal pollution microbial functional diversity

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Response of Tomato on Calcareous Soils to Different Seedbed phosphorus Application Rates

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pedosphere 2007年第1期17卷 70-76页

作者： ZHANG Xiao-Sheng LIAO Hong CHEN Qing p. christie LI Xiao-Lin ZHANG Fu-Suo College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China） Soil and Fertilizer Extension Center Beijing Agricultural Bureau Beijing 100026 （China） Agricultural and Environmental Science Department The Queen＇s University of Belfast Belfast BT9 5PX （UK）

Field experiments were conducted with five rates （0, 75, 150, 225, and 450 kg p205 ha^-1） of seedbed p fertilizer application to investigate the yield of tomato in response to fertilizer p rate on calcareous soils with widely different levels of Olsen p （13-142 mg kg^-1） at 15 sites in some suburban counties of Beijing in 1999. Under the condition of no p fertilizer application, tomato yield generally increased with an increase in soil test p levels, and the agronomic level for soil testing p measured with Olsen method was 50 or 82 mg kg^-1 soil to achieve 85% or 95% of maximum tomato yield, respectively. With regard to marketable yield, in the fields where Olsen-p levels were 〈 50 mg kg^-1, noticeable responses to applied p were observed. On the basis of a linear plateau regression, the optimum seedbed p application rate in the p-insufflcient fields was 125 kg p205 ha^-1 or about 1.5-2 times the p removal from harvested tomato plants. In contrast, in fields with moderate （50 〈 Olsen p 〈 90 mg kg^-1） or high （Olsen p 〉 90 mg kg^-1） available p, there was no marked effect on tomato fruit yield. Field survey data indicated that in most fields with conventional p management, a p surplus typically occurred. Thus, once the soil test p level reached the optimum for crop yield, it was recommended that p fertilizer application be restricted or eliminated to minimize negative environmental effects.

关键词： calcareous soils fertilizer p rate soil test p tomato yield vegetable fields

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Uptake of Organic phosphorus by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Red Clover

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pedosphere 2002年第2期12卷 103-110页

作者： SONGYONGCHUN p.christie DepartmentofplantNutrition CollegeofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironmentalSciencesChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100094（China） DepartmentofAgriculturalandEnvironmentalScience The

The capacities of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomusmosseae and Glomus versiforme, to mineralize added organic p werestudied in a sterilized clacareous soil. Mycorrhizal (inoculated witheither of the AM fungi) and non-mycorrhizal red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) plants were grown for eight weeks in pots with upperroot, central hyphal and lower soil compartments. The hyphal and soilcompartments received either organic p (as Na-phytte) or inorganic p(as KH_2pO_4) at the rate of 50 mg p kg^-1. No p was added to theroot compartments.

关键词： arbuscular mcorrhiza organic p p uptake red clover

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Extractability of Cu in Alkaline Biosolids-Amended Soilsas Influenced by γ-Irradiation

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pedosphere 2002年第2期12卷 139-144页

An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate themicrobial biomass associated Cu in four contrasting soils to which analkaline stabilised sewage sludge cake was applied. The organisms ofsludge- amended and control soils were killed using γ-irradiationtechnique, and the aqueous and acid-extractable Cu concentrationswere determined. Addition of the sludge product increasedsignificantly the concentration of both the aqueous and diluteHOAc-extractable Cu in all the irradiated soils compared to thenon-sterilised sludge/soil mixtures, but the increase was morepronounced in the dilute acid-extractable Cu, indicating that the Curendered extractable in water and dilute acetic acid by γ-irradiation existed in the both soil liquid and solid phases. Theadditional increase in extractable Cu following the biocidaltreatment is likely to be due to release of Cu from the same fractionof soil microbial biomass.

关键词： acetic acid extract aqueous extract γ-irradication soil biomasscopper

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