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Physics design of the HEPS LINAC

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2020年第4期4卷 497-506页

作者： Cai Meng Xiang He Yi Jiao xiaojun Nie Yue mei Peng Shengchang Wang ouzheng xiao Jingru Zhang Shipeng Zhang Jingyi Li Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Purpose The High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is a synchrotron radiation source with an ultrahigh brightness and under construction in *** accelerator system is comprised of a 6-GeV storage ring,a full energy booster,a 500-meV Linac and three transport *** deepening investigations on the physics designs of the storage ring and the booster,the physics scheme of the Linac has evolved through multiple *** The final version of the Linac,including the electron gun,bunching system and main accelerator,has been *** Linac is an s-band normal conducting electron linear accelerator with a very high bunch charge and a large bunch charge *** Based on simulations,the Linac could provide electron bunches with charge greater than 8.5-nC,meeting the energy spread and emittance *** This paper first reviews the evolution and main considerations for different design versions and then describes the physics design and dynamic simulation results of the final scheme in detail.

关键词： 5 HEPS Linac Bunch charge Emittance

Design and development of radio frequency output window for circular electron–positron collider klystron

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第11期27卷 620-625页

作者： Zhijun Lu Shigeki Fukuda Zusheng Zhou Shilun Pei Shengchang Wang ouzheng xiao UnNisa Zaib Bowen Bai Guoxi Pei Dong Dong Ningchuang Zhou Shaozhe Wang Yunlong Chi Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China High Energy Accelerator Research Organization KEK Oho Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan GLVAC Industrial Technology Research Institute of High Power Devices Kunshan 215300 China

This paper presents the first phase of design, analysis, and simulation for the klystron coaxial radio frequency（RF）output window. This study is motivated by 800 kW continuous wave（CW）, 650 MHz klystrons for the future plan of circular electron–positron collider（CEPC） project. The RF window which is used in the klystron output section has a function to separate the klystron from the inner vacuum side to the outside, and high RF power propagates through the window with small power dissipation. Therefore, the window is a key component for the high power klystron. However, it is vulnerable to the high thermal stress and multipacting, so this paper presents the window design and analysis for these problems. The microwave design has been performed by using the computer simulation technology（CST） microwave studio and the return loss of the window has been established to be less than-90 d B. The multipacting simulation of the window has been carried out using MultiPac and CST particles studio. Through the multipacting analysis, it is shown that with thin coating of TiN, the multipacting effect has been suppressed effectively on the ceramic surface. The thermal analysis is carried out using ANSYS code and the temperature of alumina ceramic is lower than 310 K with water *** design result successfully meets the requirement of the CEPC 650 MHz klystron. The manufacturing and high power test plan are also described in this paper.

关键词： klystron coaxial radio frequency window thermal stress multipacting

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Hybrid聚束器的场分布测量与调配

强激光与粒子束 2017年第6期29卷 91-96页

作者：赵世琦裴士伦高斌肖欧正中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子加速物理与技术重点实验室北京100049 中国科学院大学北京100049

Hybrid聚束器是一种同时包含驻波和行波电磁场的新型聚束器。为对其电场分布进行测量,针对此种复杂电场分布的特点,基于非谐振微扰原理,研制了一套能够灵活简便操作、具有较高精度的场分布测量平台,并使用该平台对Hybrid聚束器进行了场... 详细信息

Hybrid聚束器是一种同时包含驻波和行波电磁场的新型聚束器。为对其电场分布进行测量,针对此种复杂电场分布的特点,基于非谐振微扰原理,研制了一套能够灵活简便操作、具有较高精度的场分布测量平台,并使用该平台对Hybrid聚束器进行了场分布测量和调配。最终,经过多次测量与调配,Hybrid聚束器的实际冷测微波性能与模拟计算结果符合较好,轴向电场幅值平坦度显著提高,各加速单元间的腔间相移明显改善,使其满足设计要求。

关键词： Hybrid聚束器谐振微扰法非谐振微扰法场分布测量与调配

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高功率高效率速调管输出耦合器的优化与设计

强激光与粒子束 2024年第10期36卷 18-23页

作者：陆志军周祖圣肖欧正李晓中国科学院高能物理研究所北京100049 中国科学院高能物理研究所东莞研究部广东东莞523803

输出耦合器作为速调管关键部件,其性能直接关系到速调管的整体表现。然而,耦合器故障却是速调管及多种真空电子设备中最为常见的问题之一,特别是在高连续波功率运行场景下,这一问题更为突出。针对连续波650 MHz/800 kW高效率速调管,对... 详细信息

输出耦合器作为速调管关键部件,其性能直接关系到速调管的整体表现。然而,耦合器故障却是速调管及多种真空电子设备中最为常见的问题之一,特别是在高连续波功率运行场景下,这一问题更为突出。针对连续波650 MHz/800 kW高效率速调管,对输出耦合器进行优化设计,并在单注和多注速调管耦合器测试方面取得了重要突破:单注速调管输出耦合器在连续波模式下的测试功率已达到690 kW以上,为了进一步增加功率容量,采用T-bar结构过渡,并对耦合器进行优化设计,使陶瓷附近电场分布更均匀;而多注速调管矩形波导窗输出耦合器最高测试功率达到全驻波115 kW。此外,通过对耦合器的结构、材料以及散热方式进行分析与优化,积极探索提升耦合器功率容量的多种可能途径,进一步增强了速调管的稳定性和可靠性。

关键词：速调管输出耦合器高功率测试 T-bar 矩形窗

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3dB桥误差对能量倍增器性能的影响

强激光与粒子束 2012年第2期24卷 449-452页

作者：裴士伦裴国玺赵风利肖欧正中国科学院高能物理研究所北京100049

根据能量倍增器的工作原理,对3dB桥误差引起的能量倍增器性能变化进行了理论分析,并对BEPC和BEPCⅡ直线加速器所使用能量倍增器的3dB桥误差进行了讨论,为判断焊接后3dB桥桥臂波导变形提供了理论参考。结果表明:无论是功率分配不平衡,还... 详细信息

根据能量倍增器的工作原理,对3dB桥误差引起的能量倍增器性能变化进行了理论分析,并对BEPC和BEPCⅡ直线加速器所使用能量倍增器的3dB桥误差进行了讨论,为判断焊接后3dB桥桥臂波导变形提供了理论参考。结果表明:无论是功率分配不平衡,还是相位关系偏离,都会使部分功率反射回速调管。功率分配不平衡和微波相位关系偏离值越大,则功率倍增因子下降得越多。

关键词：能量倍增器 3 dB桥加工误差调试误差 BEPCⅡ直线加速器 RF脉冲压缩器

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C波段能量倍增器的研制

强激光与粒子束 2014年第6期26卷 289-292页

作者：赵风利王湘鉴束冠肖欧正贺祥张敬如中国科学院高能物理研究所北京100049

C波段(5712 MHz)能量倍增器——SLED是我国研制的首台C波段能量倍增器。简述了利用三维电磁场仿真软件HFSS和CST对C波段能量倍增器的高品质因数储能腔、耦合孔、3 dB桥等进行优化设计的情况,对加工的能量倍增器做了射频低功率测试,实验... 详细信息

C波段(5712 MHz)能量倍增器——SLED是我国研制的首台C波段能量倍增器。简述了利用三维电磁场仿真软件HFSS和CST对C波段能量倍增器的高品质因数储能腔、耦合孔、3 dB桥等进行优化设计的情况,对加工的能量倍增器做了射频低功率测试,实验测试和理论计算的一致性很好,测试结果表明所有技术参数指标均达到了设计要求。

关键词： C波段能量倍增器储能腔耦合系数低功率测试峰值功率增益

Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu xiao Wei xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Methane Electrochemical conversion Reaction mechanism Catalyst design Electrode Electrocatalysis

Design of a cationic accelerator enabling ultrafast ion diffusion kinetics in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 377-384页

作者： Yawei xiao Qianqian Gu Haoyu Li Mengyao Li Yude Wang National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan University College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies Yunnan University

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion *** address this,a strategy has been developed to create a cation-accelerating electric field on the surface of the cathode to achieve ultrafast Zn2+diffusion *** employing electrodeposition to coat MoS2on the surface of BaV6O16·3H2O nanowires,the directional built-in electric field generated at the heterointerface acts as a cation accelerator,continuously accelerating Zn2+diffusion into the active *** optimized Zn2+diffusion coefficient in CC@BaV-6O16·3H2O@MoS2(7.5×10～8cm2s-1) surpasses that of most reported V-based ***,MoS2serving as a cathodic armor extends the cycling life of the Zn-CC@BaV6O16·3H2O@MoS2full batteries to over 10000 *** work provides valuable insights into optimizing ion diffusion kinetics for high-performance energy storage devices.

关键词： Internal electric field Cationic accelerator Ion diffusion kinetics Cathode modification strategy Aqueous zinc ion battery

Highly conductive and stable iodine doped argyrodite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 50-58页

作者： Gaozhan Liu Jing Zhang Jing Yang Jinghui Chen Xingyue xiao Xiayin Yao Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lithium argyrodites with high ionic conductivity and low cost are considered as one of the most prospective solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium ***,the poor chemical stability and compatibility with lithium metal limit their ***,Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 11.49 m S cm-1and improved chemical stability is synthesized by iodine *** ultra-thin Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2membrane with thickness of 10μm can be obtained by wet coating process,exhibiting a high ionic conductivity of 2.09 mS cm-1and low areal resistance of 1.17Ω***,iodine doping could in-situ form LiI at the lithium/electrolyte interface and improve the critical current density of Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6from 0.8 to 1.35 mA *** resultant LiCoO2/Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2/Li battery shows excellent cycling stability at 1 C,with a reversible specific capacity of 110.1 mA h g-1and a retention of 80.5% after 1000 *** addition,the assembled LiCoO2/Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2membrane/Li pouch cell delivers an initial discharge capacity of 110.4 mA h g-1and 80.5% capacity retention after 100 cycles.

关键词： Argyrodite electrolytes Iodine doping Ionic conductivity Stability All-solid-state lithium battery