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Complications of Circumcision: Epidemiological, Anatomo-Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects

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Open Journal of Urology 2023年第10期13卷 433-440页

作者： Aboubacar Traore Issa Thiam ousmane Sow Modou Sene Ndiath Abdoulaye Sow Yaya Urology Department Regional Hospital of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal

Circumcision refers, in its most widespread form, to the total or partial removal of the foreskin, leaving the glans exposed. It is a ritual practice imposed by Mosaic law for Israelites, a tradition for Muslims, a rite of passage to adulthood for many people of Africa and the East. Circumcision is also a widely used therapeutic surgical procedure for a number of balanopreputial affections. The aim of this study was to list cases of circumcision complications received in a urological hospital (CHR Saint Louis) and to analyze their epidemiological, anatomo-clinical and therapeutic aspects. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of circumcision complications, carried out in the urology department of the Saint Louis regional hospital in Senegal over a 5-year period (January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017). Results: Thirty-three (33) complications of circumcision were collated. The mean age of patients was 7.63 years [9 months - 16 years]. Duration of time for Consultation varied according to the type of complication, with an average of 1.6 years [1 day - 10 years]. Penile granuloma accounted for 36.3% of the complications (n = 12), local infection for 30.3% (n = 10) and urethro-cutaneous fistula for 18.2% (n = 6). For six patients with urethro-cutaneous fistula, we performed urethro-cutaneous splitting in 5 patients, while the same complication necessitated urethroplasty in another patient. We noted five cases of verge plasty for verge granuloma, one glan reimplantation and one glan plasty for the two patients with glans amputation. Conclusion: Circumcision is a medical procedure widely practised throughout the world for medical, cultural and aesthetic reasons. In Africa, the lack of health coverage and the shortage of doctors explain why this surgical procedure is so common. In Senegal, circumcision is still carried out in the majority of cases by paramedical staff, which explains the high rate of complications.

关键词： Circumcision Complications Penile Fistula Glans Amputation

Development of a Solar Controller with MLI Control

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Circuits and Systems 2018年第2期9卷 22-40页

作者： Mamadou Wade Moussa Gueye ousmane Sow Daouda Sow Babou Dione Gregoire Sissoko Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Water and Environment Polytechnic School of Thiès Thiès Senegal University Institute of Technology University of Thiès Thiès Sénégal Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Physics Department Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

This work presents the development of a solar regulator which manages the charge and discharge of a (lead) battery installed in a photovoltaic system in order to extend its lifetime. The regulator is controlled by a microcontroller (PIC16F877A) and protects the battery against overcharging, deep discharge, but also against temperature drifts. The operating principle is based on the control of a DC-DC converter by a rectangular signal MLI generated by the microcontroller. In addition to the protection function of the regulator, there is included a control and monitoring panel consisting of a visualization interface on which the system quantities can be observed. Thus, it will be given to the user to be able to act on the system. This display interface uses as a display an LCD screen and LEDs. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the operation of the proposed solar controller.

关键词： Solar Controller Three-State Charge Algorithm Battery DC/DC Converter Microcontroller Monitoring

Applying a Mathematical Model to the Performance of a Female Monofin Swimmer

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Applied Mathematics 2013年第12期4卷 1673-1681页

作者： Elisée Gouba Balira ousmane Konfe Ousseynou Nakoulima Blaise Some Olivier Hue Département de Mathématiques et Informatique Université Antilles-Guyane Pointe-à-Pitre France Laboratoire A.C.T.E.S. UPRES-EA 3596 U.F.R. S.T.A.P.S.-U.A.G. Faculté de Médecine Pointe-à-Pitre France Laboratoire LAIMA Institut Africain d’Informatique Libreville Gabon Laboratoire LANIBIO U.F.R. S.E.A. Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study sought to determine the best method to quantify training based on heart rate data. It proposes a modification of Banister’s original performance model to improve the accuracy of predicted performance. The new formulation introduces a variable that accounts for changes in the subject’s initial performance as a result of the quantity of training. The two systems models were applied to a well-trained female monofin swimmer over a 24-week training period. Each model comprised a set of parameters unique to the individual and was estimated by fitting model-predicted performance to measured performance. We used the Alienor method associated to Optimization-Preserving Operators to identify these parameters. The quantification method based on training intensity zones gave a better estimation of predicted performance in both models. Using the new model in sports in which performance is generally predicted (running, swimming) will help us to define its real interest.

关键词： Training Quantification Banister’s Model

Inventory of Host Plants and Parasitoids of the Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Niger

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第1期12卷 16-27页

作者： ousmane Zakari Moussa Souleymane Laminou Hamissou Zangui Laouali Amadou Ibrahim Baoua Boukari Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Agronomy and Environmental Sciences Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Laboratoire d’Entomologie II de Maradi Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger Maradi Niger

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a polyphagous pest reported in sub-Saharan Africa since 2016 and has expanded rapidly in almost Africa. In Niger, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is considered like a major pest of maize, to which it causes significant damage, in a context where proven control methods against this moth remain almost non-existent. The objective of the present study was to determine the economic importance of FAW through the damage caused to the different host plants and to identify the parasitoids of this caterpillar. The study was conducted in the southern agricultural zone of Niger, specifically in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder. FAW eggs and caterpillars were collected from six villages in each region and then incubated and reared in the entomology laboratory of INRAN in Maradi. The rate of infestation of the different crops by FAW was determined as well as the observation of the beneficiaries. The results obtained indicate the presence of FAW on millet with an attack rate varying from 45.7% to 68%, sorghum with 47.2% to 62.25% and sesame with 9.7%. This work also revealed an oophagous parasitoid, Telenomus remus with 138 ± 23 and larval parasitoids, Cotesia sp with 16 ± 1 maximum number of individuals emerged from the collected material. Also, it was identified the parasitoid Cotesia icipe with a rate of parasitism from 4.6% to 5.75%;the Charops ater whose rate of parasitism varies from 4.5% and 12.25% but for Chelonus insularis with 17.25% and Tachnidae with 53%. These very interesting results will constitute a basis for the development of biological control and a component of an agroecological management strategy of caterpillar.

关键词： Inventory Host Plants Spodoptera frugiperda Parasitoids Niger

Sizing and Simulation of a Hybrid Hydroelectricity and Photovoltaic System with Storage for Supplying the Tamagaly District in Mamou,Guinea

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2023年第3期17卷 69-77页

作者： Ansoumane Sakouvogui Elhadj ousmane Camara NènèAïssata Baldeand Mamby Keita Energy Department Mamou Higher Institute of TechnologyMamouBP 63Guinea Polytechnic School of Engineers Kofi Annan University of GuineaRatomaConakryBP 1367Guinea

The present study is a contribution to the study of hybrid electric power conversion systems in rural *** approach adopted uses a methodology for analyzing the complementarity that exists between the two renewable energy potentials(solar and hydraulic)based on their daily,monthly and annual *** different analytical formulas for sizing a PV(photovoltaic)field and a small hydroelectric power station are recalled in this *** HOMER software served as a tool for optimal sizing and simulation of the *** work focuses on the analysis of the behavior and control of the performances of a hybrid system made up of two renewable energy sources,hydroelectricity/PV with a storage system and a *** main results obtained relate to:monitoring of the variation in temperature variation,solar irradiation of the site,as well as the flow of the *** profile of the village’s annual charges is *** annual production of electrical energy is 527.936 kWh/*** hydroelectric plant will provide 155.316 kWh/year,or 29%,and for the PV field(372.620 kWh/year),or 71%.The monthly energy average is 43.995 kWh/*** average daily consumption is 731 kWh/d with a maximum power of 163 *** completion of this project makes it possible to cover all electrical loads in the Tamagaly district,with an annual energy production of 206.783 *** would make it possible to locally limit greenhouse gas emissions in the area.

关键词： Sizing simulation hybrid system PV hydroelectricity.

Community Soil Resources Management for Sub-Saharan West Africa： Case Study of the Gourma Region in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第1期2卷 24-39页

作者： Mamadou Traore Hema Belo Barry ousmane Tamani Souare Tiekoura Guillaume Ouattara IDR/UPB Institut du Ddveloppement Rural Universitd P olytechnique de Bobo Bobo-Dioulasso O1 BP 1091 Burkina Faso BUNASOLS Bureau National des Sols Ouagadougou 03 BP 7142 Burkina Faso

A study on community soil fertility management concepts and practices was conducted through rapid and participatory method of research in 15 villages of the Gourma region in Eastern part of Burkina Faso. These investigations aimed at determining farmers＇ knowledge on soil resources： local soil taxonomy and indicators of soil degradation, soil fertility management practices, and capacity for adoption of new technologies in soil fertility management. The results of the study showed that the main parameter for soil classification for all the investigated villages was soil texture composition; soil degradation was evaluated according to crops yield decrease and the development Striga sp. in 100% of the investigated villages; the use of organic manure and long term fellow were the main practices for soil fertility management; concerning the villages where modem technologies of soil fertility management were introduced, the lack of tools and capacity building were the main limiting factors of the adoption of these improved practices at small scale farmers＇ level. Even if discordance between scientific and local soil taxonomy were revealed by our investigations; significant similarities between indigenous and scientific indices of soil degradation were noticed. With regard to the actual magnitude of soil degradation; the local techniques of soil fertility management need to be improved and accessible to a big number of farmers.

关键词： Burkina Faso Gourma region small scale farmers rapid and participatory method of research local soil taxonomy local indices of soil degradation soil fertility management.

Could ERA5 Deliver Better Climate Services Than ERA-Interim over the West African Sahel Region?

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第4期13卷 144-158页

作者： Mahamane Rabilou Iro ousmane Inoussa Abdou Saley Saidou Chaibou Abdoul Aziz Mounkaila Saley Moussa Kone Diakaria Ibrah Seidou Sanda Manga ousmane Adamou Dungall Laouali Département de Physique Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéAbdou MoumouniBP 10662NiameyNiger Diori Hamani International Airport BP 1096NiameyNiger West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use(WASCAL) Doctoral Research Program in Climate Change and Energy(DRP-CCE)Abdou Moumouni UniversityBP 10662NiameyNiger African School of Meteorology and Civil Aviation(EAMAC) B.P 746NiameyNiger Centre Climatique Régional pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest et Sahel(AGRHYMET-CCR-AOS) BP 11011NiameyNiger

Our paper assessed the improvement performance of the reanalysis(ERA5)compared to ERAI(ERA-Interim)both from the ECMWF(European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast)in representing the WAM(West African Monsoon)*** aim is to evaluate the reliability of ERA5 to deliver better climate services than ERAI in the West African Sahel *** complementary observational databases namely the CRU(Climate Research Unit)and the GPCC(Global Precipitation Climatology Center)data are used to evaluate precipitation and temperature representation by the two ***,the representation of some major features of the WAM system,such as the SHL(Saharan Heat Low),the AEJ/TEJ(African and Tropical Easterly Jets)was assessed using the two reanalysis *** obtained results show a better representation of the seasonal accumulated precipitation and average temperature by ERA5 compared to ERAI with higher spatial correlation and lower bias relative to the ***,ERAI appears to be rainier than ERA5 but ERA5 produces more heavy rainfall *** the period of intense monsoon,the frequency of the SHL is higher for ERAI which would favor intensification of monsoon inflow and *** lower SHL frequency observed in the ERA5 could explain the observed weakening intensity of AEJ which is favorable for moist conditions over the *** findings confirm the progress made by ERA5 compared to ERAI in representing the WAM dynamic and demonstrate its reliability for delivering better climate services over the West African Sahel.

关键词： ERA5 ERAI West African Monsoon System Sahel SHL

Characterization of Woody Vegetation in Different Land Uses in the Commune of Coubalan (Bignona Department, Senegal)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1343-1359页

作者： Francis Artur Gomez Ismaïla Coly Arfang ousmane Kémo Goudiaby Mohamed Ndao Agroforestry and Ecology Laboratory (LAFE) Department of Agroforestry Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal

Woody vegetation provides a number of ecosystem services, including soil protection, carbon sequestration and oxygen production. Despite its important role in maintaining ecological balance, woody vegetation is currently undergoing continuous degradation due to climatic hazards and anthropogenic actions. As a result, it is essential to gather information for the sustainable and rational management of woody formations. It is with this in mind that this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the state of woody vegetation in the different land-use types in Basse Casamance. To this end, stratified random sampling of woody vegetation was carried out in the different land-use types (fields, fallow land and forests) of the Coubalan commune. The sampling unit for fields and fallows was a 2500 m2 plot, and for forests was a 900 m2 plot. A total of 53 species, divided into 48 genera belonging to 22 families, were inventoried in the commune. Structural parameters were higher in the forest, with 1321.3 ± 635.8 individuals/ha, 13.09 ± 0.1 m2 and 79.25% ± 21.08% respectively for observed density, basal area and cover rate. As for dendrometric parameters, they are higher in the fields, with 20.4 ± 13.6 cm and 7.4 ± 3.8 m respectively for trunk diameter and woody height. Fallow land is characterized by species with low dendrometric parameters. These results provide a useful database for rational management of the various land-use types in the commune of Coubalan.

关键词： Lower Casamance Forest Fallow Field Woody Vegetation

Modelling and Optimisation of Copper Adsorption in Solution by the Response Surface Method

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2023年第1期13卷 36-49页

作者： Kalidou Ba Alpha ousmane Toure Samba Ndiaye Moussa Diop Falilou Mbacke Sambe Laboratory of Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes (LE3PI) Higher Polytechnic of Dakar (ESP) Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

Copper is considered a heavy metal that can be toxic at certain concentrations and its presence in water is a potential threat to public health. These heavy metals also contribute to a remarkable degradation of the environment, hence the need for effective treatment methods to remove them. In this study, a mixture of titaniferous sand and calcium silicate was used as adsorbent material to eliminate copper in solution. The calcium silicate was synthesised from fluosilicic acid, which is a by-product of phosphoric acid manufacture. The titaniferous sand is a residue from a mining industry. Both adsorbents were characterised by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence to determine their compositions and physicochemical properties. The response surfaces, through the Box-Behnken model, were used to model and optimise various adsorption parameters, namely initial copper concentration (A: 60 - 200 mg/L), adsorbent dose (B: 0.1 - 0.6 g) and pH (C: 4 - 10). The copper removal efficiency (98.92%), after statistical analysis, was obtained under the following optimal conditions: an adsorbent dose of 0.55 g, an initial copper concentration of 197.25 mg/L and a pH of 9.85. The study of the effects of the operating parameters showed that they had a positive effect on the copper removal efficiency.

关键词： Adsorption Calcium Silicate Copper Response Surface Titaniferous Sand