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Fish-on-Chips:unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2351-2353页

作者： Samuel K.H.sy Ho Ko Division of Neurology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of electrical and electronic engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong IslandHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center Hong Kong Science ParkPak Shek KokNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Margaret K.L.Cheung Research Center for Management of Parkinsonism Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Lau Tat-chuen Research Center of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Precise chemical cue presentation alongside advanced brainwide imaging techniques is important to the study of chemosensory processing in ***,the dynamic nature of chemical-carrying media,such as water or air,poses a significant challenge for delivering highly-controlled chemical flow to an animal ***,contact-based cue manipulation and delivery easily shift the position of the animal subject,which is often undesirable for high-quality brain ***,more advanced interfacing tools that align with the diverse range of body part sizes of an animal,ranging from micrometer-scale neurons to meter-long limbs,are much *** is particularly crucial when dealing with dimensions that are beyond the reach of conventional experimental tools.

关键词： dealing precise sizes

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enhancing Precision in Radiotherapy Delivery: Validating Monte Carlo Simulation Models for 6 MV elekta synergy Agility LINAC Photon Beam Using Two Models of the GAMOS Code

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第2期14卷 146-163页

作者： Nogaye Ndiaye Oumar Ndiaye Papa Macoumba Faye Kodjo Joël Fabrice N’Guessan Djicknack Dione Khady sy Moussa Hamady sy Jean Paul Latyr Faye Alassane Traoré Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao Institute of Applied Nuclear Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The most crucial requirement in radiation therapy treatment planning is a fast and accurate treatment planning system that minimizes damage to healthy tissues surrounding cancer cells. The use of Monte Carlo toolkits has become indispensable for research aimed at precisely determining the dose in radiotherapy. Among the numerous algorithms developed in recent years, the GAMOS code, which utilizes the Geant4 toolkit for Monte Carlo simula-tions, incorporates various electromagnetic physics models and multiple scattering models for simulating particle interactions with matter. This makes it a valuable tool for dose calculations in medical applications and throughout the patient’s volume. The aim of this present work aims to vali-date the GAMOS code for the simulation of a 6 MV photon-beam output from the elekta synergy Agility linear accelerator. The simulation involves mod-eling the major components of the accelerator head and the interactions of the radiation beam with a homogeneous water phantom and particle information was collected following the modeling of the phase space. This space was po-sitioned under the X and Y jaws, utilizing three electromagnetic physics mod-els of the GAMOS code: Standard, Penelope, and Low-energy, along with three multiple scattering models: Goudsmit-Saunderson, Urban, and Wentzel-VI. The obtained phase space file was used as a particle source to simulate dose distributions (depth-dose and dose profile) for field sizes of 5 × 5 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm in a water phantom, with a source-surface distance (SSD) of 90 cm from the target. We compared the three electromagnetic physics models and the three multiple scattering mod-els of the GAMOS code to experimental results. Validation of our results was performed using the gamma index, with an acceptability criterion of 3% for the dose difference (DD) and 3 mm for the distance-to-agreement (DTA). We achieved agreements of 94% and 96%, respective

关键词： GAMOS Monte Carlo LINAC Radiotherapy Dose Distribution Phase Space Gamma Index 6 MV Photon Beam

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Sinonasal Polyposis: About 60 Cases at Fann University Hospital Center, Senegal

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 53-61页

作者： Mame Sanou Diouf Moustapha Ndiaye Ahmadou Dembele evelyne Siga Diom Ciré Ndiaye Amadou Thiam Richard e. A. Deguenonvo Abdou sy Malick Ndiaye Abdourahmane Tall Issa Cheikh Ndiaye Raymond Diouf HOGIP Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Fann University Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Ourossogui Hospital Center Matam Senegal La Paix Hospital Center Ziguinchor Senegal Children Hospital Center of Diamniadio Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa of the nasal cavities and facial sinuses. It is characterized by an oedematous, multifocal and bilateral degeneration of the nasosinus mucosa, which originates in the lateral masses of the ethmoid, where it causes the formation of smooth, gelatinous, translucent and pyriform polyp lesions. The objective of this study was to review epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical data and evaluate the results of endoscopic surgical treatment. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study on 60 patients followed at the eNT department of the Fann National University Hospital Center, from January 2010 to December 2015. All patients with sinonasal polyposis were included in the study. Results: The average age of our patients was 38 years and the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.8. In the patients’ histories, we found 18% asthma and 10% Widal’s disease. The average consultation time was 8.5 years. All patients had consulted for nasal obstruction;rhinorrhea was bilateral and found in 67.7% of cases, with olfactory disorders accounting for 50%. The CT scan performed in 58% of cases made it possible to specify the extent of the lesions;the involvement of the ethmoidal sinus was constant and extended to the other sinuses except in 2 cases. All patients had received medical treatment with local corticosteroids. endoscopic surgical treatment was initiated in 43% of cases after failure of corticosteroid-based medical treatment. The evolution under treatment marked by the reappearance of symptoms that increased each month. At one month postoperatively, all clinical symptomatology had improved with the exception of olfactory disorders, which persisted in 3 patients. At 12 months we noted 12 cases of reappearance of nasal obstruction. Conclusion: SNP is a disease of little known etiology. The diagnosis is almost always clinical. endoscopic surgery remains a recourse to medical treatment. For good local contro

关键词： Sinonasal Polyposis endonasal endoscopic Surgery CHNU Fann

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eudragit^®-PeG Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and Interfacial Tension Measurements

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第2期14卷 121-131页

作者： Papa Mady sy Sidy Mouhamed Dieng Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf Boucar Ndong Gora Mbaye Mounibé Diarra Laboratory of Physics and Pharmaceutical Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal

The objectives of this study are to understand the mechanisms involved in the stabilization of water/oil interfaces by polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) (eudragit®). eudragit L100 NPs of various sizes and Zeta potentials were studied and compared at a water/cyclohexane model interface using a droplet tensiometer (Tracker Teclis, Longessaigne, France). The progressive interfacial adsorption of the NPs in the aqueous phase was monitored by tensiometry. The model interface was maintained and observed in a drop tensiometer, analyzed via axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA), to determine the interfacial properties. Given the direct relationship between the stability of Pickering emulsions (emulsions stabilized by solid nanoparticles) and the interfacial properties of these layers, different nanoparticle systems were compared. Specifically, eudragit NPs of different sizes were examined. Moreover, the reduction of the Zeta potential with PeG-6000 induces partial aggregation of the NPs (referred to as NP flocs), significantly impacting the stability of the interfacial layer. Dynamic surface tension measurements indicate a significant decrease in interfacial tension with eudragit® nanoparticles (NPs). This reduction correlates with the size of the NPs, highlighting that this parameter does not operate in isolation. Other factors, such as the contact angle and wettability of the nanoparticles, also play a critical role. Notably, larger NPs further diminished the interfacial tension. This study enhances our understanding of the stability of Pickering emulsions stabilized by eudragit® L100 polymeric nanoparticles.

关键词： Nanoparticles eudragit® PeG Interfacial Tension Pickering emulsion

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Management of Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 to 24 Months Boulbinet Health Center

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 122-131页

作者： Mohamed Lamine Diallo Mamadou Ciré Barry M’mah Aminata Bangoura Louis Philippe Diffo Mamadouba Bangoura Fatoumata Sacko Telly sy Pediatric Urgencies Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Pediatric Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Institute of Nutrition and Child Health (INSe) Conakry Guinea Boulbinet Health Center Conakry Guine Gynecology-Obstetrics Department H&#244pital National Ignace Deen Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Malnutrition is a pathological state resulting from the relative deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients, whether manifested clinically or detected only by biochemical, anthropometric or physiological analyses. The overall objective was to assess the quality of management of acute malnutrition in children aged 0 - 24 months at the Boulbinet health center. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting six (06) months from May 5 to October 5, 2018. The study included all children aged 0 to 24 months. Results: Acute malnutrition in children aged 0 - 24 months accounted for 2.11% of cases. The sex ratio was 1.41 in favor of males. The mean age of our patients was 5 months 7 days, with extremes of 1 month and 6 months. The majority came from Ra toma (40.24%). exclusive breastfeeding was most common (54.02%). The main clinical signs were: pallor 49.42%, diarrhea 46.67, oral lesions37.96%. SAM represented 89.66% and MAM 10.34%. Most associated pathologies: anemia 49.42% and oral candidiasis 37.93%. In terms of outcome, we recorded 56.32% cures, 20.69% deaths, 18.39% dropouts and 4.60% cures. Conclusion: Improving the quality of care for malnourished children aged 0 - 24 months requires raising awareness among mothers and the general public of the consequences of malnutrition.

关键词： Management Acute Malnutrition Center Boulbinet

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Long-Term Impact of Acute Retinoic Acid Supplementation at the Young Age on Testicular Architecture of Wistar Albino Rats

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： Mama sy Racha Kamenda Ibondou Fatoumata Bah Robert Foko Ndiaga Diop Mame Vénus Abdoulaye Séga Cheikh Diop Mamadou Fall Oumar Faye Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics Faculty of Medecine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by eLISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p e testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, d

关键词： Vitamin A Retinyl Palmitate Spermatogenesis Testis-Wistar Albino Rats

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Totally Occluded Coarctation of the Aorta in a Young Adult

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第4期14卷 282-287页

作者： Marguerite Téning Diouf Mohamed Leye Joseph Salvator Mingou Aw Fatou Ndeye Faye sy Aimé Mbaye Malick Bodian Aliou Alassane Ngaidé Abdoul Kane Cardiology Dalal Jamm Hospital Dakar Senegal Training and Research in Health Sciences Unit University of Thi&#232s Thi&#232s Senegal Cardiology Department Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal

We report the case of a 20-year-old female patient presenting with a totally occluded coarctation of the aorta. The patient was admitted for the evaluation of resistant grade III high blood pressure. The physical examination revealed a blood pressure gradient between the upper and lower limbs, absent femoral pulses, a diffuse continuous murmur over the chest, and hyperpulsatility of the carotid arteries and sternal notch. A transthoracic echocardiography outlined a narrowing in the caliber of the isthmic aorta without acceleration of flow or gradient. Thoracic CT angiography revealed a complete aortic coarctation with interruption of continuity between segment 3 and the descending aorta.

关键词： Coarctation of Aorta Complete Aortic Occlusion High Blood Pressure Adult

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Frailty in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years and Older: Prevalence and Predictors

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第1期14卷 18-34页

作者： Alassane Ndiaye Ndèye Fatou Ngom Kiné Ndiaye Assiétou Gaye elhadji Bara Diop Ahmadou Mboup Houlèye Saou Bessoume sy Ababacar Niang Betty Fall Mame Awa Faye Outpatient Treatment Clinic (CTA) Dakar Senegal Medicine Department of Health and Sustainable Development/Research and Training Unit (UFRSDD) Alioune Diop University of Bambey Diourbel Senegal Health and Development Institute (ISeD) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Geriatrics and Gerontology Department Fann National Teaching Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Life expectancy improvement for people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is coming up against the problems associated with aging and chronic diseases. Frailty is a concern affecting a growing number of patients, particularly the elderly in this population. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of frailty and its predictors on people living with HIV aged 50 years and older followed at the Outpatient Treatment Clinic (CTA) in Dakar. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study of descriptive and analytic purposes ranging from November 2022 to August 2023, in CTA, Dakar (Senegal). We included people living with HIV aged 50 years and older under antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months (≥6 months). Frailty was considered according to Fried criteria with a score ≥3. To identify the predictors of frailty, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis using STATA software version 18. Results: We included 199 patients. The median age at the moment of the study was 58 years old [50 - 91] with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.58. The most representative age group was that of [50 - 59] years (59.3%). HIV-1 profile was most common in 89.45%. The median duration under antiretroviral therapy was 180 months [6 - 284] and 94% of patients received a Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF)-containing regimen with 43% of them for at least 10 years. Viral load was undetectable (≤40 copies/ml) in 98% of cases. WHO Stage III was more common at inclusion and 55.78% had nadir TCD4+ Lymphocyte counts Conclusion: Our study confirms the high prevalence of frailty among older people living with HIV. Its prevention should consider the management of comorbidities and the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions such as nutrition.

关键词： Frailty HIV Senior Dakar

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Overview of Adrenals Tumors in Dakar Hospitals

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 141-150页

作者： Nafy Ndiaye Yakham Mohamed Leye Mouhamadou Moustapha Ndong Ngoné Diaba Diack Amadou Fall Cisse Abdoulaye Leye Baidy sy Kane Alpha Omar Touré Cherif Mohamed Dial Pape Saloum Diop Internalmedeccine and endocrinology Department Teaching Hospital of Pikine Dakar Senegal General Surgery Department Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal Anatomo-Pathology Department General Hospital of Grand Yoff Dakar Dakar Senegal General Surgery Department General Hospital of Grand Yoff Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Adrenal tumours (AT) are commonly encountered in clinical practice. For any patient presenting an adrenal mass, there are two crucial points to consider: is the adrenal mass malignant and is it hormonally active? The objective of our study was to evaluate the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of AT in a developing country. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study spanning 17 years (from January 2005 to October 2022) in four Dakar hospital services. We included all patient medical records with explored AT. Results: AT was diagnosed in 35 patients who had a mean age of 36.62 years (range: 12-79), and a female predominance (26 women to 9 men). Among these patients, 17.2 % had incidental AT. Hypertension was the commonest presenting symptom in 27 patients (77%), which was associated with Mnards triad in 14 patients (40%). Abdominal pain was reported by 20 patients (57%), and 14 presented with an abdominal mass. Among the patients, 29 had functional AT: 22 with pheochromocytoma, 5 with primary hyperaldosteronism, and 2 with hypercortisolism. Imaging evaluations revealed that 33 patients had unilateral AT and one had bilateral AT. Tumour sizes varied, 5 patients had tumours 10 cm. Two patients presented with metastases. The therapeutic approach involved adrenalectomy in 32 patients. Perioperative complications were observed in five patients, including haemorrhage (two patients), hypotension (two cases), and hypertensive crisis (one case). One patient with bilateral pheochromocytoma developed acute adrenal insufficiency postoperatively, followed by abdominal herniation. Histopathological examination confirmed pheochromocytoma in 21 patients, Conns adenoma in 5, adrenocortical carcinoma in 3, cortisol adenoma in 2, and adrenal cyst in 1 patient. Non-functional AT included adrenocortical carcinoma (three patients), adrenal cyst (one patient), and pheochromocytoma (two patients). After a one-year follow-up, 29 patients wit

关键词： Tumour Adrenal Pheochromocytoma Conn Adrenocortical Carcinoma Dakar

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Philippine retinoblastoma initiative multi-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： Roland Joseph D.Tan Gary John V.Mercado Patricia e.Cabrera Paulita Pamela P.Astudillo Rolando enrique D.Domingo Josept Mari S.Poblete Charmaine Grace M.Cabebe Adriel Vincent R.Te Melissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatima G.Regala Kimberley Amanda K.Comia Josemaria M.Castro Mara Augustine S.Galang Aldous Dominic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan e.Aguilar Gabrielle S.evangelista Jo Michael Maniwan Andrei P.Martin Calvin Y.Martinez John Alfred H.Lim Rena Ivy Bascuna Rachel M.Ng Kevin B.Agsaoay Kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao ellaine Rose V.Apostol Beatriz M.Prieto Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIM:To provide a comprehensive and more representative national data on the disease,especially on treatment options and outcomes,and to determine access of retinoblastoma patients from Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao to eye care,and determine if access is associated with delay in consultation,staging and ***:Cohort study of retinoblastoma patients seen in eleven institutions located in the three major areas of the Philippines namely Luzon,Vizayas and Mindanao from ***:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were ***(57%)were from Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with 71%having unilateral *** delay of consultation remained long at 9(3,17)mo,longest in patients with unilateral disease(Pe from the Visayas(Ped on the International Retinoblastoma Staging system,only 35%of patients had Stage 1 while 47%already had extraocular *** was the most common treatment received by 484 patients while intravenous chemotherapy was received by *** were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with no ***:This study presents the largest cohort of retinoblastoma patients in the Philippines in terms of patients’and participating institutions’number and geographical location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents more comprehensive data on the treatments used and outcomes(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).Delay in consultation was still long among patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival *** increasing capacity to diagnose and manage retinoblastoma in the country,the delay of consultation remains long primarily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in the Visayas and financial *** delay was still significant that overall survival rate remain low.

关键词： retinoblastoma Philippines clinical profile

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