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Preventive Effect of an Extract of Terminalia avicennioides on Acetylcholine-Induced Tracheoconstriction in Wistar Strain Rats

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 60-68页

作者： Awa Ba-Diop Ndèye Absa Diaw Ibrahima Diouf Mbaye Sène Ouafae Kechaba Mamadou sarr Modou Oumy Kane Physiology Laboratory Department of Medicine Alioune Diop University of Bambey Bambey Senegal IRL3189 Environment Health Societies CNRS-UCAD Dakar Senegal Department of Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine UFR Sante Assane SECK University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory pathologies worldwide. The cost of its treatment, particularly for populations in developing countries like Senegal, requires an alternative which consists of developing research into new therapeutic approaches with the use of plants from traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to determine whether the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves has a preventive effect on the constriction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by Acetylcholine in Wistar strain rats. Methods: The species used in our experiments were male Wistar rats aged between 12 and 14 weeks. Rings of rat trachea were suspended in isolated organ chambers connected to tension sensors. Two pharmacological agents were used: acetylcholine, for its constrictor effect and adrenaline, for its dilating effect on the pulmonary trachea. Our plant material consisted of a hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. The experimental protocol was that of the preventive model which consisted of impregnating these rings with the extract at a defined concentration then testing its contractility in the presence of Acetylcholine which was the contractile agonist used in this study. The preventive effect of the extract was studied with an Acetylcholine contraction range on rings pre-incubated with Terminalia avicennioides extract. Results: The results showed that Acetylcholine contracts the trachea and the increase in its contractility was dependent on the dose of Ach added cumulatively (10−5 to 4 × 10−5 mol/l). The administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves led to a modification of the contractile response to Acetylcholine. Indeed, this extract induced a significant attenuation of the contractile responses of the treated tracheal rings compared to those untreated. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides had a relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle and this effect

关键词： Bronchial Hyperreactivity Extract Hydroalcoholic of Terminalia Avicennioides Asthma

Comparative Study of the Protein Contents of Local and Imported Rice Consumed in Senegal

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 561-571页

作者： Amadou Bouye Seydi Nadina Zuleika Leite Serigne Omar sarr Yérim Mbagnick Diop Amadou Diop Animal Physiology Laboratory Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Protein is essential for the growth and maintenance of the body. They play a crucial role in different biological processes. This study focuses on comparing the protein contents of local rice grown in the Senegal River valley and rice imported from Asia. The objective is to evaluate the importance of the protein nutritional value of local rice compared to imported rice. Protein contents were determined using the Kjeldahl method. The results of the protein assays show that local rice varieties such as Sahel 108 and Sahel 134 grown in the Thilène basins had protein percentages comparable to those of imported rice. The protein percentages were 15.19% ± 0.91% for the Sahel 108 variety and 16.62% ± 0.01% for the Sahel 134 variety compared to 15.8% ± 0.01% on average for imported rice. Thus from the point of view of protein content, local rice has a nutritional value identical to that of imported rice which it can validly replace. It is important in Senegal to encourage local production, which would make it possible to reduce imports on the one hand and to make quality rice available to the local Senegalese market on the other. Sahel varieties with high protein contents deserve large-scale development to meet the country’s protein needs.

关键词： Proteins Rice Nutritional Value Kjeldahl Method River Valley Senegal

Water Quality from the Purification Unit of Thiakhar (Diourbel, Senegal) and Impact of Discharges from Treatment on Water Resources

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第12期5卷 1186-1191页

作者： Cheikh Hamidou Kane Moustapha Diène Baba sarr Department of Géology FST-UCAD University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Geology IFAN University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Mechanics and Modeling-Sciences of Engineering of Thies Thies Senegal

The installation of a purification unit since 2008 in the village of Thiakhar has improved the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water supply. However about 55% of the raw water comes out of the unit as discharges (approximately 14 m3 per day) highly concentrated in fluoride and chloride ions. Based on historical samples, we find that the volumes of water consumed together with the volumes of water discharged are increasingly significant from year to year. The storage of waste water is carried out in a septic tank connected to a leaking cesspool sink. Significant excesses of these discharges are visible on the site and a flow of concentrate is observed creating a puddle of water that attracts birds and straying cattle. The study describes the following substantial impacts on the natural and human environment: 1) contamination of groundwater, 2) soil salinization 3), impact on flora and fauna, 4) impact on health. The study concludes by identifying measures to mitigate the negative impacts related to the discharges and by proposing alternative solution.

关键词： Drinking Water Treatment Quality Discharges Pollution Mitigation

Feasibility Study of Boreholes Hand Drilling in Senegal—Identification of Potentially Favorable Areas

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第12期5卷 1219-1226页

作者： Cheikh Hamidou Kane Fabio Fussi Moustapha Diène Déthie sarr Department of Geology FST-UCAD University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal International Consultant University of Milano Bicocca Milano Italie Laboratory of Mechanics and Modeling-Sciences of Engineering University of Thies Thies Senegal

Drilling techniques commonly used in Africa are rather well suited for areas where geologic formations are hard and groundwater is not located at higher depths. Thus, for a large number of people living in rural areas, access to improved drinking water sources is often limited, due to the high cost of drilled boreholes that is closely linked to geographical, geological and hydrogeological factors. The analysis of various contexts has revealed that, in order to improve access to safe drinking water for underserved communities and populations, it is possible to consider less costly alternative solutions, compared to current options for water supply which are still expensive. In this paper, a simplified drilling technology at a very low cost has been demonstrated: “the manual or hand drilling”, which is a practical solution for less than 40-m deep water points in alluvial terrains or low resistance rock formations. The feasibility study of manual drilling in Senegal has revealed that, even if it is not practical in all geological formations of the country, manual drilling remains an alternative solution for reducing costs and improving accessibility to drinking water in several areas in Senegal, particularly in the Senegal River Valley, along the northern coast, in Fatick and Casamance coastal zones. This study was used to set up map of areas suitable for manual drilling boreholes;it aims to strengthen the local private sector capacity to meet growing drinking water needs in rural areas.

关键词： Manual Drilling Rock Resistance Boreholes Depth

Comparative Morphometry of the <i>Sitophilus zeamais</i>Motschulsky Populations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infesting Yellow Maize in Four West African Countries

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第1期10卷 85-98页

作者： Adiouma Georges Robert Jacques sarr Cheikh Abdou Khadre Mbacké Dia Tofféne Diome Pape Mbacké Sembene Entomology and Acarology Laboratory Animal Biology Department Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Sitophilus zeamais is a primary pest of stored maize, which can cause quality and quantity losses. Maize is cultivated in several West African countries where different agro-climatic and agro-ecological conditions exist. These conditions could influence the Sitophilus zeamais morphology. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the Sitophilus zeamais morphological groups in the four countries. This was carried out through the morphometric study of 30 male Sitophilus zeamais individuals taken from the yellow maize in each country, by measuring with a binocular magnifying glass, 16 variables of the different tagmas belonging to the insect. Subsequently, statistical analyses were firstly carried out with the raw measurements, such as the principal component analysis, in order to extract the contribution of the variables on each factorial axis and to visualise the correlations between the variables. Taking the case of the transformed measurements, in addition to the principal component analysis, a discriminant factorial analysis was carried out to find out the best factor for gathering individuals according to their morphology, a confusion matrix to summarise the individual

Radio-Chemotherapy in Pre-Operative Rectal Adenocarcinoma at Dalal Jamm Hospital, Senegal

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第4期12卷 221-231页

作者： Mouhamadou Bachir Ba Fatimatou Néné sarr Adja Coumba Diallo Maimouna Mané Pape Massamba Diéne Papa Macoumba Gaye Radiotherapy Department Dalal Jamm Hospital UCAD Dakar Senegal Saint-Louis Regional Hospital Saint-Louis Senegal

Background: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for rectal cancer. In 2018, Senegal experienced a transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional radiotherapy (RC3D). We are evaluating for the first time the impact of this RC3D in the treatment of rectal cancer in Senegal. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic profile of rectum cancer in Senegal, to list the different radiotherapy techniques used, to evaluate the response as well as the outcome of patients. Method: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on preoperative radio-chemotherapy of rectal adenocarcinoma at the Dalal Jamm University Hospital in Dakar from July 2018 to June 2020. Results: The 42 patients included, including 18 men and 24 women (Sex Ratio: 0.75), had an average age of 55.9 years. We found a family history of CRC (Colorectal cancer) in 7 cases and smoking in 5 cases. The clinical signs were dominated by rectal bleeding, noted in 92.8% of cases, with or without pain, and changes in transit in 57.1% and 50% respectively. The tumor was perceptible on digital rectal examination (DRE) in 76.1%. All patients had undergone endoscopy, which revealed a budding aspect in 69% of cases. The preferred location was the lower rectum (59.5%). The predominant histological type was liberkhunian adenocarcinoma (85.7%). T3 and T4 tumors accounted for 30.9% and 21.4% of cases respectively and stage III was predo

关键词： Cancer Rectum Radiotherapy Senegal

Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 at Abass Ndao Hospital Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC)

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 91-102页

作者： Diallo Ibrahima Mané Diédhiou Demba Ndour Michel Assane Sow Djiby Diallo Adja Tacko Mané Dieng Mouhamed Gadji Fatou Kiné Thioye El Hadji Mamadou Moussa Bassène Joseph Ndiaye Ndeye Fama Mody sarr Anna Ndour Mbaye Maimouna Medical Clinic II Abass Ndao Hospital Center Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: SARS-COV2 infection is a major public health problem and diabetes mellitus is a serious factor. The objective was to determine the characteristics of COVID-19 in diabetics at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of the Abass Ndao Hospital Center. Observation: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out at Abass Ndao Hospital from March 01, 2021 to September 31, 2021. We evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics. Results: Among 333 patients infected with COVID-19, 203 were diabetic (60.96%). The sex ratio was 0.70 and the mean age 60.18 years. Diabetes was type 2 (84.2%) and inaugural (15.8%). Arterial hypertension was the main comorbidity (86.96% of cases). The RT-PCR test was positive in 86.21% of cases. The main clinical signs were: asthenia (90.14%), dyspnea (78.81%), cough (52.21%) and body aches (52.21%). Oxygen saturation was alanced in 71.43% with an average blood sugar of 2.02 ± 4 g/l. At the paraclinical, the D dimer was ≥1000 ng/l (71.52%) and the C-reactive protein ≥100 mg/l (32.01%). Chest CT scan found mild to moderate (55.17%), severe (21.67%) and critical (17.24%) lung lesions. Pulmonary embolism was found in 4 diabetics. The treatment of diabetes was represented by insulin therapy (85.82%) and oral antidiabetics (24.11%). Anti-COVID-19 treatment was dominated by azithromycin (89.11%), corticosteroid therapy (92.11%), anticoagulants (99%), hydroxychloroquine (21.29%). Mortality was found in 14.36% (n = 29) and significantly correlated with age ≥ 60 years (OR = 3.013 [1.266 - 7.173], P = 0.005), short duration of hospitalization (OR = 3.154 [1.149 - 8.663], P = 0.009), C-reactive protein > 100 mg/l (OR = 6.370 [2.704 - 15.006], P ne of the most important comorbidities linked to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The seriousness factors in this field remain age ≥ 60 years,

关键词： Abass Ndao Diabetes Mellitus ETC SARS-CoV-2 Senegal

Positive Surgical Margins (PSM) after Open Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy: Evaluation of Patient Survival

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Open Journal of Urology 2021年第7期11卷 282-288页

作者： Babacar Sine Abdoulaye Ndiath Ndéye Aissatou Bagayogo Alioune sarr Amath Thiam Cyrille Ze Ondo ousm.ne Sow El Hadji Malick Diaw Moussa Séne Babou Sakho Cheikh Bécaye Gassama Ibrahima Ngom Yaya Sow Babacar Diao Alain Khassim Ndoye Urology Andrology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Sénégal Urology Andrology Department of Ouakam Military Hospital Dakar Sénégal

Background: Many patients who have had radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer may present with microscopic extraprostatic extension of the disease. Positive surgical margins are a common pathological finding in this subgroup of patients. To report the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of PSM after radical prostatectomy (RP) and to evaluate the follow-up of patients. Patients and methods: A single-center retrospective descriptive study of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between June 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019 was conducted. Patients who had radical prostatectomy with PSM on pathology report were included. The parameters studied were age, initial prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason and International Society of Uropathology (ISUP) scores, cTNM and pTNM stages, operative technique, PSA levels after surgery, adjuvant treatment and patient survival. Results: Eighty-six (86) radical prostatectomies were performed. PSM was found in 23 patients (26.7%). The mean age of the patients was 63.7 ± 6.1 years. The mean preoperative total PSA was 31.5 ng/mL (6.31 - 146 ng/mL). Prostate biopsy showed only prostatic adenocarcinoma. Thoracic-abdominopelvic CT was performed in all patients. Prostate cancers were found at the localized stage in 12 patients and locally advanced in 11 patients. A classification adjustment was obtained after pathological examination of the surgical specimen. The ISUP score 3 and 1 on the surgical specimen were in the majority with 9 and 7 patients respectively. After the recurrence, all patients who consented received hormone therapy, which was either medical with Goserelin and Triptorelin (7 patients) or surgical with testicular pulpectomy (1 patient). PSA was undetectable (Conclusion: RP with PSM is a fai

关键词： Prostate Cancer Surgical Margins Survival

Profile of Bone Mass and Its Determining Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: Case-Control Study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2021年第4期11卷 143-158页

作者： Maïmouna Touré Cheikh A. B. Mané Mbaye Sène Abdou K. Sow Ibrahima Diouf Mame S. Coly Awa Ba-Diop Mor Diaw Salimata D. Houndjo Arame Mbengue Fatou Bintou Sar Modou O. Kane Mamadou sarr Abdoulaye Ba Lamine Gueye Abdoulaye Samb Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physiology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Health Sciences Thies Senegal Faculty of Health and Sustainable Development University Alioune Diop Bambey Senegal IRL 3189 “EHS: Environment Health Societies” CNRS CNRST Bamoko Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’s thus presented as an independent risk factor for bone fragility with a considerable fracture risk relating to many more or less intricate parameters. The general objective of our study is to assess bone mass during type 2 diabetes in Senegalese women. Methodology: We had carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected on the basis of a questionnaire. Then each of the subjects had undergone a complete clinical examination followed by a blood sample for a biological assessment of certain cardiovascular risk factors. Bone mass was measured using a bio-impedancemeter. Results: We recruited 88 women with type 2 diabetes and 83 healthy control women. The mean age of diabetic subjects was 52.7 years ± 6.8 (with extremes of 39 and 74 years). In control, the mean age was 51.0 ± 8.5 years (with extremes of 35 and 72 years). Among the diabetic subjects, 22 subjects or 25% practiced a regular walk against 27 (32.5%) in the control. Forty-three among the diabetic subjects (48.8%) were known hypertensive and followed. According to the body mass index, 71 patients (80.7%) were overweight compared to 59 (71.1%) controls. According to the waist size, 80 (90.9%) diabetic subjects had an elevated waist size compared to 69 control women (83.1%). Among diabetic subjects, 41 patients (46.5%) were hyperglycemic imbalance according to fasting blood glucose and 59 patients (67%) according to glycated hemoglobin level. Thirty-seven diabetics (42%), had both high fasting blood glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.68 ± 7.18 years. We found significantly higher bone mass in type 2 diabetic subjects (p = 0.03). Among diabetics, 27.3% had low bone mass compared to 36.

关键词： Bone Mass Bone Mineral Density Type 2 Diabetes Senegalese Women