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Pathological and Etiological Aspects of Nephrotic Syndrome at the Niamey General Reference Hospital

Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 340-349页

作者： Djibrilla Gani Salamatou Amadou Niaouro oumarou ali diallo Nephrology-Dialysis Department Niamey General Reference Hospital Niamey Niger Environmental Health and Climate Epidemiology Unit (UESEC)-CERMES Niamey Niger

Introduction: Studies have been conducted on nephrotic syndrome in Niger. The study aimed to determine the histological and etiological aspects of nephrotic syndrome. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective study from February 1st, 2018 to January 31st, 2024. All patients with nephrotic syndrome who underwent renal biopsy were included. Samples were analyzed at the anatomy-cytology pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine in Dakar (Senegal). The variables studied included clinical, biological, histological and etiological characteristics. Data were analyzed using Excel 2013 and Epi-info 7.2.0 software. Results: The study included 119 patients with nephrotic syndrome. Prevalence of nephrotic syndrome was 11.24%. The male-to-female ratio was 2.25:1. The mean age at diagnosis was between 34.5 ± 18.84 years. Edema was the reason for admission in 40.34% of cases. The nephrotic syndrome was impure in 63.86% of cases. Nine histological lesions were identified. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (40.09%), minimal change disease (23.53%), membranous nephropathy (13.45%), diabetic nephropathy (10.92%), membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis (3.36%), acute glomerulonephritis (3.36%), glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy (2.52%), non-IgA mesengial proliferative glomerulonephritis (1.68%) and amyloidosis (0.84%). Nephrotic syndrome was primary in 57.98% of cases. Secondary etiologies were dominated by diabetes (11.76%), followed by hepatitis B virus (9.24%), lupus, lymphoma, malaria, syphilis, cryoglobulinemia, sickle cell disease and HIV. Conclusion: Future studies should investigate the causes of glomerulopathy secondary to chronic tubulointerstitial lesions.

关键词： Nephrotic Syndrome Anatomopathology Niamey General Reference Hospital

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Evaluation of the “Helicobacter pylori” Eradication Rate by Bismuth Quadritherapy or Concomitant Quadritherapy in Black Africans

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期14卷 69-79页

作者： diallo Mamadou Sarifou Youssouf oumarou Yaogo Abdoulatif diallo Kadiatou diallo Djenabou Wann Thierno Amadou Bah Mamadou Lamine Yaya diallo Ahmed Tidiane Diakhaby Mamadou Kanté Mamadou aliou Sylla Djibril Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Donka National Hospital CHU Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Internal Medicine Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Hepato Gastroenterology Department Angré University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital CHU Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Gastric infection by “Helicobacter pylori” remains a topical issue due to the evolving scientific data concerning its pathophysiology, the diseases and pathologies concerned, which now extend beyond the gastric or digestive sphere, and the treatment methods faced with the development of antibiotic resistance. Diagnosis of infection involves two inseparable aspects: identification of the bacterium itself and identification of the endoscopic and histological lesions caused by the bacterium. Objective: To evaluate the rate of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection by bismuth quadruple therapy and concomitant treatment. Patients and methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study of all outpatients in the hepato-gastroenterology department during the study period from 1 January 2022 to 30 November 2023. All patients had undergone oeso-gastroduodenal fibroscopy and the diagnosis was made by histological examination of the gastric biopsy. Results: Our 113 patients comprised 68 men and 46 women. The sex ratio was 1.48 in favour of men. The mean age of our patients was 40.28 years, with extremes of 13 and 80 years. The clinical signs that prompted oeso-gastroduodenal fibroscopy were as follows: epigastralgia (69.91%), dyspepsia (14.16%), vomiting (7.08%), gastro-oesophageal reflux (6.19%) and altered general condition with weight loss (2.65%). The endoscopic lesions were: gastropathy (antral, fundic and diffuse: antro-fundial) (69.02%), bulbar ulcer (6.19%), gastric ulcer (5.31%). Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with chronic gastritis in all our patients;it was mild in 50%, moderate in 41% and severe in 9%. The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori according to the treatment protocol used was 92.30% for bismuth quadruple therapy and 94.12% for concomitant quadruple therapy. Conclusion: The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in our study was 92.30% and 94.12% respectively for bismuth quadritherapy and concomitant the

关键词： “Helicobacter pylori” Eradication Quadritherapy Antibiotics Conakry

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Oesophageal Mycosis: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects and Risk Factors for Occurrence in the Digestive Endoscopy Unit of the Donka National Hospital, Conakry CHU

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第2期14卷 31-40页

作者： diallo Mamadou Sarifou Youssouf oumarou Yaogo Abdoulatif diallo Kadiatou diallo Djéinabou Wann Thierno Amadou Bah Mamadou Lamine Yaya Diakhaby Mamadou Kanté Mamadou aliou Sylla Djibril Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Internal Medicine Department Bangui République Centrafricaine Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Angré University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Oesophageal mycosis (OM) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in patients infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). However, this condition is increasingly observed in immunocompetent subjects. The aim of this study was to determine the endoscopic prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors for the occurrence of oesophageal mycosis in our department. Patients and Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of all patients who underwent oeso-gastroduodenal fibroscopy during the period from 1st January to 31st December 2022, i.e. one year, at the digestive endoscopy unit of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka CHU national hospital in Conakry. All patients found to have oesophageal mycosis by FOGD were included. The endoscopy was performed using appropriate equipment: A Fujinon 4400 video endoscopy column;Three Fujinon EG 590 video gastroscopes;A hoover;Data were collected using a pre-established survey form and analysed using Epi info software version 6.0.4;Pearson’s Chi2 test as a test of independence and the exact 5% threshold ficher test. Results: Out of 1343 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed, 107 cases of oesophageal mycosis were found, representing a prevalence of 7.96%. The mean age was 40 years, with a male predominance of 55.42%. The sex ratio M/F was 1.24. The 45 and over age group was the most affected, with a prevalence of 40.43%, followed by the [35 - 45] age group, with a prevalence of 22.43%. Clinical symptoms were dominated by epigastralgia in 74.76% of cases, followed by odynophagia in 37.38% of cases, nausea and vomiting in 28.03% of cases, and pyrosis in 26.16% of cases. Oesophageal mycosis without oesophagitis was the most common endoscopic finding in 70% of cases. The main associated endoscopic lesions were erythemato-erosive and congestive gastropathy in 28.03% of cases, peptic oesophagitis (9.34%) and gastric ulcer (5.60%). The main risk factor

关键词： Endoscopy CHU Conakry Risk Factors Immunosuppression Oesophageal Mycosis

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Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatic Steatosis by Pulse Elastography (FIBROSCAN/CAP) in Asymptomatic Patients about 170 Cases at the Donka CHU National Hospital in Conakry

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期14卷 125-138页

作者： Mamadou Sarifou diallo oumarou Youssouf Abdoulatif Yaogo Djenabou diallo Kadiatou diallo Thierno Amadou Wann Ahmed Tidiane diallo Mamadou Lamine Yaya Bah Mamdou Diakhaby Mamadou aliou Kanté Djibril Sylla Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology The Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Internal Medicine Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Department of Hepato Gastroenterology Angr&#233 University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Fibroscan is a recent, non-invasive and non-irradiating diagnostic method. It is based on the principle of ultrasound, which enables liver tissue elasticity to be quantified using a probe, and fibrosis to be assessed. Fibroscan measures both elasticity correlated with hepatic fibrosis and CAP correlated with steatosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic fibrosis and steatosis using pulse elastometry (Fibroscan/CAP). Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study in which 170 patients were included. It was conducted from October 1 2021 to December 31 2023, i.e. 27 months, in an outpatient clinic in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka national hospital of the CHU Conakry. Results: Of the 170 patients identified, 87 were male (51%) and 83 female (49%), giving a M/F sex ratio of 1.04. The average age of our patients was 40. The 30 - 50 age group was the most affected, with a frequency of 58.23% (n = 99), followed by the 50 age group with a frequency of 29.41% (n = 50). Hepatomegaly, steatotic liver on ultrasonography, transaminase elevation and obesity were the main indications, respectively: (21.76%), (17.65%), (14.71%), and (13.53%). The examinations were requested by hepatogastroenterologists (47.06%), diabetologists (35.88%) and general practitioners (29%). Of the 170 patients, 100 patients (58.82%) had no significant fibrosis F0F1, 39 (22.94%) had moderate fibrosis F2, 20 patients (11.76%) had severe fibrosis F3 and 11 patients (6.47%) had fibrosis F4. Hepatic steatosis: 62 patients (36.47%) had no S0 steatosis;29.41% had S1 steatosis, 20% had S2 steatosis and 24 patients (14.11%) had S3 steatosis. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a normal liver in 67.05% of patients, hepatic steatosis in 29.41% and non-decompensated cirrhosis in 6 cases. Thus, 108 patients had the parameters required to calculate the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), steatosis was present in 20% of our patients, while 29.41% had an undetermined st

关键词： Cirrhosis Fibrosis Fibroscan/CAP Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Steatosis CHU Conakry

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Risk Factors Recurrence of Spontaneous Ascitic Fluid Infection (Slai) in Cirrhotic Patients

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期14卷 249-260页

作者： diallo Mamadou Sarifou Ottou Onana Christian Lionel Soro Dramane Youssouf oumarou Yaogo Abdoulatif Lohoues-Kouacou Marie Jeanne Hepato-Gastroenterology Department The Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Hepato Gastroenterology Department Cocody University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Community University Hospital Center of Bangui Internal Medicine Department Bangui African Hepato Gastroenterology Department Angr University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast

Introduction: After an episode of spontaneous infection of ascitic fluid (ISLA). The recurrence of ISLA at one year is greater than 70%. We studied the risk factors associated with the occurrence of recurrence. Patients and methods: this was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of patient files, hospitalized in the department for 12 months, the choice of the sample was of convenience. Results: We have 1347 patient files collected including 389 cases of cirrhosis. We had 37 files of cirrhotic patients with ISLA including 28 cures without recurrence of ISLA, 08 files of patients with recurrence of ISLA and 03 excluded, i.e. a hospital prevalence of recurrence of 0.6% and a prevalence in cirrhotic patients of 23.5%. The most common antecedents were: hospital contact recent (35.3%), the concept of iterative ascites punctures (32.3%), the presence of HCC (29.4%), hepatic encephalopathy (20.6%) and digestive hemorrhage (14.7%). In univariate analysis, recent digestive bleeding was associated with an increased risk of recurrence (OR 7.2, 95% CI 0.96 - 67.1). HBV (62.5%) is the main etiology of cirrhosis. The PNN rate at 250 - 499 mm3 (62.5%), the protein level 3 (75%). Patients on secondary prophylaxis with NORFLOXACIN were 25%. Recurrence of ISLA was treated with CEFTRIAXONE 2 g/24 hours. Conclusion: Recurrence of ISLA is serious, the predictive factors for recurrence are, hospital contact recent, the concept of iterative ascites punctures, the presence of HCC, the presence of hepatic encephalopathy and digestive bleeding.

关键词： Antibiotic Cirrhosis Risk factors Spontaneous Ascitic Fluid Infection Recurrence

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Evaluation of Medical Prescribers’ Theoretical Knowledge on Medical Imaging in the Northern Region of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 33-41页

作者： Some Milckisédek Judicaël Marouruana Ouedraogo Pakisba ali Tankoano Aïda Ida Savadogo Habibou Kindo Bassirou Ouedraogo Nina-Astrid Bamouni Yomboé Abel diallo Ousseini Department of Medical Imaging Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital University of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Souro Sanou University Hospital Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Bogodogo University Hospital Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Workers Health Office Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Medical imaging is a medical specialty that involves producing images of the human body and interpreting them for diagnostic, therapeutic purposes, and for monitoring the progress of pathologies. We aimed to assess the theoretical knowledge of doctors and interns in medical imaging in the northern region of Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey based on a self-administered questionnaire. Prescribers knowledge was estimated based on scores derived from questionnaire responses. Results: We collected 106 questionnaires out of 163, i.e. a participation rate of 65.03%. The average knowledge score was 81.71% for the contribution of medical imaging to patient management. It was 60.02% for the indications/counter-indications of radiological examinations and 72.56% for the risks associated with exposure to radiation during these examinations. The score was 59.83% for the methods used to select the appropriate radiological examination. As regards the completeness of the clinical and biological information on the forms requesting imaging examinations, the score was 96.65%. Specialist doctors had the highest overall level of knowledge (74.68%). Conclusion: Improved technical facilities, good initial and in-service training, and interdisciplinary collaboration will help to ensure that imaging tests are properly prescribed, leading to better patient care.

关键词： Theoretical Knowledge Medical Imaging Northern Region Burkina Faso

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Contribution and Relevance of Transfontanellar Ultrasound in Newborns in Ouagadougou: Multicentre Study on 1000 Cases

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 64-73页

作者： Ouedraogo Pakisba ali Ouedraogo Nina-Astrid Somé Milckisédek Judickael Dabire Stive Arnauld Tankoano Ida Aida Napon Aischa Madina Nikiema Zakari diallo Ousseini Lougue Sorgho Leonie Claudine Cisse Rabiou Department of Medical Imaging Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital Centre Ouahigouya University Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Souro Sanon University Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Medical Imaging Service Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Radiodiagnostic and Medical Imaging Laboratory Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objectives: To demonstrate the contribution and relevance of ETFs through the study of 1000 examination reports carried out in the medical imaging departments of the OUAGADOUGOU CHU. Material and method: Analytical descriptive study with retrospective collection, extended from 1st January 2020 to 1st January 2022. Results: Of the 1000 transfontanellar ultrasound reports, the mean age of patients was 7.61 +/ 7.5 days, with extremes of zero and 28 days. Sex was specified in 989 cases. Males accounted for 54.49% and females for 45.51%. 555 transfontanellar ultrasound were performed in 2020. 441 in 2021 and 4 in 2022. 61.9% of transfontanellar ultrasound were performed at the Bogodogo University Hospital, 205 at Charles de Gaulle and 176 at Tengandogo. Indications for transfontanellar ultrasound were dominated by neonatal distress (65.8%), followed by convulsions (10.2%) and prematurity (9.1%). Transfontanellar ultrasound was normal in 570 cases (57%) and abnormal in 430 cases (43%). Abnormalities were dominated by haemorrhage and ischaemic lesions in 66.28% (285) and 21.63% (93) of cases respectively. In the group of normal transfontanellar ultrasound, neonatal distress represented 59.65% of indications and prematurity 10.7% of indications. As for abnormal transfontanellar ultrasound, neonatal suffering accounted for 73.95% of indications and convulsions for 12.56%. The average age ofpatients with an abnormal transfontanellar ultrasound was 8.74 days +/ 7.89 days. The indication for investigations was relevant in 42.2% of cases and irrelevant in 57.8%;of the transfontanellar ultrasound with relevant indications, 0.71 were normal and 99.29 abnormal;of the transfontanellar ultrasound with irrelevant indications, the transfontanellar ultrasound was normal in 98.1% and abnormal in 1.9%. Conclusion: Transfontanellar ultrasound is an important part of ultrasound in current practice. Haemorrhage, anoxic-ischaemic lesions and hydrocephalus are the most frequent pathologies fou

关键词： Transfontanellar Ultrasound Neonatal Distress Relevance

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Acute Leukemia in Niger: Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 81-90页

作者： Amadou Djibrilla-Almoustapha Badé Malam-Abdou Abdourahamane Yacouba Moussa Souley Moustapha Maman Brah Moustapha Elhadji-Chefou Boubacar Marou-Soumana Samaila Aboubacar Ousseini Fanta Maman Rabiou Badé oumarou Adamou-Chaibou Department of Hematology-Oncology National Hospital of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abdou Moumouni Niamey Niger Department of Medicine Zinder Hospital Regional Niger Departtment of Biology Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital Niamey Niger Faculty of Health Sciences University of Dan Dicko Dankouloudo of Maradi Maradi Niger Laboratory of Biology National Hospital of Niamey Niamey Niger

Objective: Improve the care of patients followed for acute leukemia in the Oncohematology department of the National Hospital of Niamey. Methods: This was a prospective study, over a period of 2 years from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, in patients with acute leukemia in the Oncohematology department of the National Hospital of Niamey (HNN), whose diagnosis was made on a blood smear associated with a myelogram and immunophenotyping and who were consenting. Results: We collected 25 cases of acute leukemia confirmed by myelogram and immunophenotyping. The mean age of the patients was 31.32 years, with a predominance of women, a sex ratio of 0.92. Pupils and students were in the majority with 40% and most came from the Niamey region, i.e. 68%. Anemic syndrome was the most common clinical sign in 96%. ALL predominated in 64% of cases. On the blood count, the hyperleukocytosis was more marked in AML (mean white count: 197256.6 elts/mm3) than in ALL (137891.6 elts/mm3), it was the same for thrombocytopenia which is more marked in AML (75588.89/mm3) than in ALL (52156.25/mm3). Therapeutically, 52% of patients received chemotherapy. The mean overall survival was 16.223 ± 3.191 months, including a mean survival for AML of 6.853 ± 1200 months compared to 21.720 ± 5.920 months for ALL. Conclusion: Acute leukemia still remains a major problem in our context, due to the precariousness of limited financial, diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Thus reflecting in our results, the increasing number of cases, the diagnostic delay and the guarded prognosis. This is the reality in several other countries in the sub-region and even in certain developed countries.

关键词： Acute Leukemia ALL AML Hematology-Niamey National Hospital (HNN) Niger

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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Implementation of Water Quality Monitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli Alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

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Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatic Steatosis by Pulse Elastography (FIBROSCAN/CAP) in Asymptomatic Patients about 170 Cases at the Donka CHU National Hospital in Conakry

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology（肠胃病学期刊） 2024年第4期 125页

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