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Characterization of tungiasis infection and morbidity using thermography in Kenya revealed higher disease burden during COVID-19 school closures

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 120-121页

作者： Lynne Elson Abneel K.Matharu Naomi Riithi Paul ouma Francis Mutebi Hermann Feldmeier Jürgen Krücken Ulrike Fillinger KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Kilifi Kenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Human Health Theme Nairobi Kenya College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Institute of Microbiology Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Background Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea Tunga *** fleas penetrate the skin,particularly at the feet,and cause severe *** study aimed to characterize disease burden in two highly affected regions in Kenya,to test the use of thermography to detect tungiasis-associated inflammation and to create a new two-level classification of disease severity suitable for mapping,targeting,and monitoring *** From February 2020 to April 2021,3532 pupils age 8–14 years were quasi-randomly selected in 35 public primary schools and examined for tungiasis and associated *** the infected pupils,266 were quasi-randomly selected and their households visited,where an additional 1138 family members were *** was assessed using infra-red thermography.A Clinical score was created combining the number of locations on the feet with acute and chronic symptoms and infra-red *** The overall prevalence of tungiasis among all the school pupils who were randomly selected during survey rounds 1 and 3 was 9.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):8.4–10.3].Based on mixed effects logistic models,the odds of infection with tungiasis among school pupils was three times higher in Kwale(coastal Kenya)than in Siaya[western Kenya;adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.36,95%CI:0.18–0.74];three times higher in males than in females(aOR=3.0,95%CI:2.32–3.91)and three times lower among pupils sleeping in a house with a concrete floor(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.24–0.44).The odds of finding an infected person among the household population during surveys before the COVID-19 pandemic was a third(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.19–0.53)of that when schools were closed due to COVID-19 restrictions and approximately half(aOR=0.44,95%CI:0.29–0.68)in surveys done after school re-opening(round 3).Infection intensity was positively correlated with inflammation as measured by thermography(Spearman’s rho=0.68,P<0.001)and with the clinical score(rho=0

关键词： Tungiasis Neglected tropical diseases Thermography Morbidity Child COVID-19 Kenya

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Dryland Pastoralism Climate Landscape and Food Security in the Suam River Basin of Kenya

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American Journal of Climate Change 2022年第3期11卷 173-196页

作者： Namenya Daniel Naburi Edward M. Mugalavai Kaleb Mwendwa Gilbert ouma Clinton ouma Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya University of Nairobi GPO Nairobi Kenya

River basins in the drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa have traditionally been utilized for pastoral livelihoods under communal land tenure. Communities in West Pokot in Kenya have continued to experience increased precipitation and temperature as a result of climate variability and change. This study aimed at assessing the impact of climate variability and change at micro-basin level in order to address research and policy gaps on climate change and food security as policy arena shifts from centralized to decentralized governance in Kenya. Primary quantitative data was collected from 387 households’ perceptions of climate variability and change and its implications on food security were measured. Food security index score was calculated. The annual rainfall trend over Suam river basin for the period (1981-2020), was characterized by a linearly increasing annual rainfall trend. Mann Kendall test Z-statistics and Tau were at 2.3578 and 0.0720 respectively. The basin experienced the highest rainfall variability during the first decade (1981-1990) with the highest coefficient of rainfall variation noted at 11.5%. The highest temperature was recorded in the third decade (2001-2010) and fourth decade (2011-2020) at 27.0 and 28.2 degrees Celsius respectively. However, the overall index score for food security was 55.78 with food availability scoring the highest index, mean (SD) of 63.41 (36.52). This was attributed to households’ practice of both nomadic pastoralism and agro-pastoralism activities. Climate variability and change, have resulted in increased amount of rainfall received providing for opportunity investment in rain water harvesting to support both pastoralism and agro-pastoralism production to enhance food security.

关键词： Climate Variability and Change Dry Land Food Security Pastoralism Suam River Basin

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Protein Profiles of Pod Borer Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1453-1463页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Assita traoré-Barro Salimata traoré Orokia Coulibaly Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana oumar traoré Laboratoire National de Biosécurité Agence Nationale de Biosécurité (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Département Productions Végétales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Génétique et amélioration des plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de protection et défense des cultures (LAPRODEC) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The grain legume cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a major protein source used for food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The crop is affected by the pod borer Maruca vitrata against which transgenic lines were developed as part of the genetic control approach. This study aimed to assess the protein profiles in seeds and leaves of transgenic cowpea lines and their non-transgenic near-isogenic counterparts. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content ranged between 21.61% and 26.58% in the seeds and between 10.86% and 17.90% in the leaves. Total solubility varied between 13.03% and 20.64%. Osborne’s protein fractions contents in the seeds were 52.41% - 69.52% (albumin), 4.62% - 7.19% (globulin), 7.95% - 11.40% (glutelin) and 3% - 4% (prolamin). In any case, protein content differed significantly between cowpea genotypes but not between pairs of transgenic/non-transgenic lines. Insecticidal Cry1Ab protein expressed by transgenic lines was only detected in the albumin and globulin fractions. Altogether, these findings enhance our understanding of the effects of genetic modification on cowpea protein content and composition, with potential implications for nutritional and safety assessments.

关键词： Cowpea Protein Cry1Ab Protein Fractions

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Characterization of Seed Storage Proteins in Eight Bambara Groundnut Landraces in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1268-1276页

作者： Assita traoré-Barro Emmanuel A. M. Thiombiano Karidiatou Gnankambary Mounyratou Rabo Orokia Coulibaly Salimata traoré oumar traoré Laboratoire National de Biosécurité Agence Nationale de Biosécurité Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Génétique et amélioration des plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de protection et défense des cultures (LAPRODEC) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. is a drought-resistant indigenous African grain legume with significant nutritional and agronomic potential. This study aimed to characterize the seed storage proteins of eight Bambara groundnut landraces. Seeds of Bambara groundnut landraces were collected from local markets in Burkina Faso, and total soluble protein as well as protein fractions were extracted. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content of the seeds was found to be 18.46%, with variations ranging from 17.69% to 19.17% among the different landraces. Most of the protein content was soluble, constituting approximately 87.04% of the total crude protein. Albumin fraction was the most dominant, representing about 95.42% of the total soluble proteins. The globulin, prolamin and glutelin fractions accounted for 1.82%, 0.13% and 1.17% of the soluble proteins, respectively. The findings provide valuable insights into the protein composition of Bambara groundnut landraces and contribute to our understanding of its nutritional potential, laying the groundwork for further research on crop improvement and sustainable agriculture practices.

关键词： Bambara Groundnut Landraces Protein Protein Fractions

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Management of Spinal Injuries Secondary to Rockfall in Traditional Mines

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Surgical Science 2023年第2期14卷 104-110页

作者： Coulibaly Kalifa traoré Youssouf Tambassi Sory Ibrahim Sanogo Cheick oumar Diallo Aboubacar traoré Soumana traoré Issa Djerma Issa Orthopedic Trauma Department of Kati University Hospital Koulikoro Mali Neurosurgery Department of the University Hospital of Kati Koulikoro Mali

Introduction: Spinal injuries represent the whole of the mechanisms responsible for vertebral, disco-ligamentary and spinal cord injuries. Spinal cord injury is life-threatening and is responsible for functional consequences that make the subsequent socio-economic integration of victims difficult. In developing countries, spinal injuries in traditional gold mining are becoming more and more frequent. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomopathological aspects and the results of surgical treatment of spinal injuries secondary to traditional mine collapses at the University Hospital of Kati. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study over 18 months, from November 2017 to May 2019. Included in this study were patients operated on for spinal trauma secondary to rockfall in traditional mines. The neurological status was assessed in each patient since admission to the department using the Fränkel score. Decompression by laminectomy combined with titanium device placement was preferred in lumbar, thoracic and thoraco-lumbar surgery. We performed an anterior cervical spine approach with SENEGAS plate placement in cervical injuries. Motor physiotherapy was associated whenever recovery was not complete. At a minimum follow-up of 6 months, all our patients were re-evaluated by the Fränkel score. Results: The mean age was 31 years with extremes of 10 and 49 years. The majority of patients were men, 95%. Twenty patients underwent surgery. According to the spinal segments, the cervical spine was affected in 05 cases, the thoracic spine in 08 cases and the lumbar spine in 17 cases. The neurological examination revealed tetraplegia (n = 5), paraplegia (n = 12) and paraparesis (n = 3). According to the types of lesions, we collected 12 cases of fractures, 4 cases of fracture-luxations and 04 cases of pure luxations. According to the site, the fracture was uni-articular (n = 3), corporal (n = 15) and transverse apophyseal (n = 1). A

关键词： Trauma Spine Traditional Gold Mining Mali

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Dynamic Behavior of a Brushless in Runner Motor

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World Journal of Mechanics 2023年第4期13卷 93-105页

作者： Tièba Ouattara Moussa Magara traoré Département de Génie Mécanique Energétique et Mines Ecole Normale d’Enseignement Technique et Professionnel (ENETP) Bamako République du Mali

In this article, a model of a rotor with an asymmetric disk is presented in order to represent Campbell’s diagrams and instability maps as a function of the rotations of the support which can significantly change the dynamic behavior of the rotor. Critical rotating speeds can also lead to unacceptable levels of vibration. Indeed, the critical speeds are a function of the dynamic rigidity of the rotating systems and the presence of the gyroscopic forces creates a dependence between the rotating speed of rotation and the natural frequencies to such structures (the CAMPBELL diagrams): this implies that the correct determination of the critical speeds is one of the essential elements when sizing such dynamic systems.

关键词： Rotor Dynamics Asymmetric Rotor Parametric Excitation Finite Element Method Unbalance Response

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Fungal Flora on Weeds in the Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Orchard in Côte d’Ivoire

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第4期14卷 448-463页

作者： traoré Aboulaye Soro Sibirina Ayemou A. R. Emmanuella traoré-Ouattara Karidia Kouabenan Abo Koné Daouda Laboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production UFR Agroforestry Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Phytopathology and Plant Biology Department of Training and Research in Agriculture and Animal Resources Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire African Centre of Excellence on Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD) Université Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Since 2015, Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s largest cashew producer. However, cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire are infected by fungal diseases that weaken production. And the contribution of weeds to the spread of these diseases is not yet understood. This study was initiated with the aim of establishing the role of weeds in the proliferation of pathogenic fungi in orchards. It consisted of a survey of weeds showing disease symptoms in cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire from February 2021 to July 2022. The itinerant method was used for the weed inventory. Symptomatic leaves were collected and sent to the laboratory for diagnosis on PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) medium. In total, 50 species in 46 genera and 23 families were recorded. Laboratory diagnosis of the samples showed that 80% of the weeds identified harboured pathogenic fungi. The highest infection rates were obtained on Danielia oliveri R. (99.33% to 100%), Vitellaria paradoxa G. (100%), Pterocarpus erinaceus P. (83.91% to 99.33%), Micuna pruriens L. (98.33% to 100%) and Isoberlinia doka C. et S. (56.33% to 100%). The diagnosis revealed the presence of Lasiodiplodia sp, Colletotrichum sp, Pestalotia sp, Alternaria sp and Curvularia sp on weeds in the cashew orchard in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Weed Infection Rate Symptoms Cashew Côte d’Ivoire

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Congenital Lobar Emphysema in an Infant: A Case Report from the University Hospital of Mali

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 453-459页

作者： Bourama Kané Korotoumou Wéllé Diallo Aboubacar Sangaré Garan Dabo Mamadou traoré Mohamed Maba traoré Mariam Maiga Department of Pediatrics Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Medicine Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune V Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune VI Bamako Mali

Congenital lobar emphysema is characterized by distress due to hyperinflation of the affected lung lobe(s). We report the case of a 2-month-old infant with congenital left lower lobe emphysema. A 2-month-old female infant, born at term without incident, was hospitalized for respiratory distress. On a postnatal day 15, respiratory distress occurred. On admission, he weighed 3400 g and was apyretic. He had a polypnea of 58 cycles/min and a oxygen saturation of hemoglobin of 90% on room air. A chest radiograph revealed hyperclarity of the left lung. Chest CT revealed left lower lobe emphysema. He underwent a left lower lobectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. He was discharged from the hospital 7 days after surgery without sequelae. Physicians should be aware that congenital lobar emphysema can present with respiratory distress in infants. A chest CT scan confirms the diagnosis. Surgical treatment is effective.

关键词： Congenital Lobar Emphysema Infant Pediatrics Mali Hospital

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梅GRF基因家族生物信息学和表达分析

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南京农业大学学报 2022年第6期45卷 1140-1149页

作者：王蕊高峰 Kenneth Omondi ouma 倪照君侍婷高志红南京农业大学果树生物技术实验室/园艺学院江苏南京210095

[目的]本文旨在对梅生长调控因子(GRF)基因家族成员进行鉴定并系统分析其基本性质、进化关系以及不同休眠时期的差异表达,以期为深入研究梅PmGRF基因功能奠定基础。[方法]利用生物信息学方法对PmGRF基因家族基因结构、保守基序、蛋白理... 详细信息

[目的]本文旨在对梅生长调控因子(GRF)基因家族成员进行鉴定并系统分析其基本性质、进化关系以及不同休眠时期的差异表达,以期为深入研究梅PmGRF基因功能奠定基础。[方法]利用生物信息学方法对PmGRF基因家族基因结构、保守基序、蛋白理化性质、染色体定位、共线性、顺式作用元件和进化关系等进行分析,并通过RT-qPCR技术进一步分析PmGRF基因家族在休眠芽不同时期的表达模式。[结果]PmGRF家族包含15个成员,PmGRF基因不均匀分布在6条染色体上。多数GRF蛋白富含碱性氨基酸,且GRF蛋白皆为亲水蛋白。系统进化分析表明梅、杏、扁桃和拟南芥的GRF家族被分为7个亚家族,且梅与杏GRF基因家族的同源性较高。PmGRF基因启动子上富含最多的是生长发育相关的作用元件,如与分生组织表达相关的顺式作用调控元件。共线性分析发现,PmGRF01和PmGRF02、PmGRF09和PmGRF11、PmGRF04和PmGRF14等3对基因存在节段性重复,AtGRF04和PmGRF13、AtGRF05和PmGRF04之间存在线性关系,表明它们之间具有同源性。PmGRF基因重复序列的K_(a)/K_(s)值都远小于1,说明进化过程中受纯化选择。组织器官表达分析发现,PmGRF12、PmGRF06和PmGRF09在休眠芽中的转录丰度最高,且RT-qPCR分析发现大多数PmGRF在4个休眠时期的表达量差异显著。[结论]PmGRF基本符合植物GRF基因的典型特征,根据结构和表达分析推测PmGRF12、PmGRF06和PmGRF09可能参与芽的休眠过程。

关键词：梅 PmGRF基因家族生物信息学表达分析

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Fascist Leg Necrosis at the Bocar Sidi Sall University Hospital (BSS) in Kati (Mali)

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Surgical Science 2022年第3期13卷 119-123页

作者： Abdoulaye Diarra Assitan Koné Amadou traoré Koniba Kéïta Idrissa Tounkara Tounkara Issa traoré Oumou traoré Boubacar Karembé Madiassa Konaté Oulématou Coulibaly Modibo Togola Daouda Diallo Alhassane traoré Bkary Tientigui Dembélé Ibrahim Diakité Adégné Togo Department of General Surgery Kati University Hospital Kati Mali Department of General Surgery CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation CHU of Kati Kati Mali

Necrotizing fasciitis is a bacterial dermo-hypodermitis of necrotizing type with involvement of the superficial fascia of the muscles. We report the case of a 50-year-old patient with necrotizing fasciitis of the left leg following erysipelas. Clinical Case: A 50-year-old patient, received at the emergency department for necrotizing wound of the left leg, evolving for 25 days. The examination of the patient made it possible to find: an alteration of the general condition with a WHO score classified stage II. A necrotizing wound of the lower 2/3 of the left leg and the dorsal side of the left foot allowing pus to flow in places, the pedious pulse was well perceived, lymphadenopathy at the root of the homolateral thigh. The complete blood count made it possible to objectify a predominantly neutrophil hyperleukocytosis greater than 10,000/mm3. We first carried out a complete debridement of the necrotic tissues, in a second time we took the patient back to do the autocutaneous graft. The surgical follow-up was simple. Conclusion: Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infection, management is multidisciplinary.

关键词： Necrotizing Fasciitis Lower Limb Kati Mali

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